PLANT ESTABLISHMENT

Considerations to Plant Establishment

1. Best Yield

2. Least Cost

3. Ease of Operation
PLANT ESTABLISHMENT

Factors to Plant Establishment and Yield

1. Quality of seed

2. Soil Type or Conditions

3. Water Supply
1. Direct Seeded 2. Transplanted
• Dry seeds • Seedlings
• Pre-germinated seeds
 PLANT ESTABLISHMENT

Comparison of Methods
Particulars Direct Seeded
(Broadcast by hand)
Farm system Rainfed/upland
Suitable season Dry season
Planting preparation 0 30-40 days nursery
Seed rate 80 to 150 kgs / ha
Soil moisture at planting No standing water
Labor to planting 2 person / ha
Weed Control/Mngt Difficult
Plant Stability High lodging potentials
Maturity 7 to 10 days early
Transplanted
(Planting by hand)
Irrigated/lowland
Dry & Wet season
40 to 60 kgs / ha
Up to 5 cm water
20 persons / ha
Slight
Low lodging potentials
Normal
 DIRECT SEEDING
Broadcast
• Dry or pre-germinated seeds are sown by scattering on
the wet soil surface. For dry land tillage, the seeds maybe
incorporated lightly to the soil by a spike tooth harrow.

Broadcast on wet soil Broadcast on dry soil

• Seeds are metered and dispersed uniformly to the soil
surface. It places seeds in straight rows which enables
farmers to use a weeder and apply fertilizer easily.
 DRUM SEEDER
Drum Seeder Parts & Functions
 DRUM SEEDER
Drum Seeder Parts & Functions

• Seed drums – Receptacles of the seeds to be sown. Rotates with the wheel
axle
• Metering holes – Perforations on the drums, where the seeds are dispensed as
the wheels rotate when pulled.
• Main shaft – length axle of the 2 wheels and where the seeds drums are also
attached.
• Ground wheel - Seed drums are rotated by the motion of the ground wheel
without slippage to get a uniform and desired seed rate.
The Mechanical Seeder…..
The Mechanical Rice Transplanter……
 Rice Transplanters
•A machine that involves
planting young rice
seedlings into the puddled
soil
 Rice Transplanters
The objectives of
mechanizing crop
establishment activities
are:
(1) To minimize the drudgery
and cost of rice
transplanting; and
(2) Increases crop
productivity.
1)Manually Operated Rice Transplanter
2)Self-Propelled Rice Transplanter
➢Riding-type
➢Walk-behind
Mechanical Transplanter (Walk Behind)
Technical Info

▪ Type of Machine : Engine-driven

▪ Field capacity : 1 - 1.5 ha./day
▪ Fuel consumption : 0.5 - 0.8 liters / hr.
(gasoline)
▪ Seedling : Mat nursery / seedling
preparation trays (12-15 days old)

▪ No. of operators : One (1) person –

required operator
Mechanical Transplanter (Riding Type)
No. of rows: 6
Dimension:
Length: 3511mm
Width: 2090mm
Height: 1860mm
Weight: 648kg
Engine:
Power (Gross): 14.5 (20) kW (PS)
Revolution: 3600 rpm
Fuel: Gasoline
Driving units: Gears HMT Continuous shift
Operating Capacity: 2-3 hec./day
Transplanting Speed: 0-1.6m/sec
The Planting Mechanism……
 Floats and Markers

Line Guide

Side & Center Side Markers

Floats
Basic Standard Controls
Walk-behind type
Hydraulic clutch
Main clutch lever
lever controls the transfer
used to lift or down
of power to all
the machine
power-needed parts

Gear shift lever

gear settings: Reverse, Neutral
Engine switch & Choke
Transplanting and Transport
settings: On, Off and Lamp (lights on)
 Basic Standard Controls
Walk-behind type

Left and Right Low

Steering Clutch Lever High
(For turning) Throttle
Controls engine speed
1. Distance (between hills and rows)

Planting Gear Case

(Change gear set:
15-13-17, 14-12-16) Hill space adjustment
(3 adjustable settings)
The hill space can be selected
from 12,14,16,18,21cm.
2. Number of seedlings per hill

Taking quantity
smaller or larger
3. Planting Depth

Depth of Planting
Shallow or Deep
1. Starting the engine
2. Travelling mode
3. Loading of seedling mats
4. Planting
5. Turning at headland
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Thank you for Listening……..