Institut Teknologi Bandung

Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan

SI – 6223: Metoda Elemen Hingga

Wednesday, November 18, 2020

Dr. Endra Susila, PE.

Homework 5
Due: 2 Weeks from assignment date

Problem 1:

Formulate the stiffness matrix for an isoparametic linear elastic isotropic constant
strain triangle (CST) element in plane stress. The element is defined in the
geometric coordinate system( 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ). Use the shape function Ň based on the
natural area coordinates.

The coordinate of a point in the natural area coordinate system is given by any
two out of three natural area coordinates.

ξ = A1/A; η = A2/A; Ϛ = A3/A;

Only two of these three coordinates are independent variables. Because the sum
A1+A2+A3 = A, the relation between the natural area coordinates is

Ϛ = 1 – ξ – η.
You may choose to follow the following steps:

1. Choose the following shape functions:

Ň1 = ξ; Ň2 = η; Ň3 = Ϛ;

2. Define displacement interpolation in the geometric coordinate system

( 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ) using a matrix Ň of these three shape functions and nodal
displacements at all three nodes;
3. Define the isoparametic coordinate transformation between the geometric and
the natural area coordinate systems;
4. Define the strain vector for this plane stress problem in terms of the derivative
matrix 𝐁 ̅ and the nodal displacement vector u.
5. Compute the Jacobian for the isoparametric coordinate transformation
between the geometric coordinate system ( 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ) and the two independent
area coordinates in the natural coordinate system (ξ , η).
Hint: 1) use the chain rule; 2) the area of an arbitrary triangle is given in
terms of nodal coordinates as;
1
A = 2 [( 𝑥11 − 𝑥13 )( 𝑥22 − 𝑥23 ) − ( 𝑥12 − 𝑥13 )( 𝑥21 − 𝑥23 )]

6. Compute the derivative matrix 𝐁 ̅.

Hint: use the chain rule and the Jacobian.
7. Formulate the plane stress stiffness matrix for this CST element and evaluate
the integral in closed from. Do not multiply the matrices.