TAREA #5 Termodinámica Química Alicada

Entregar noviembre 13, (viernes) 2020

1. Air initially occupying a volume of 1 m3 at 1 bar, 20°C, undergoes two internally

reversible processes in series:
Process 1-2: compression to 5 bars during which PV1.2 = constant
Process 2-3: adiabatic expansion to 1 bar
a. Sketch the two processes on P-v and T-s coordinates.
b. Determine the temperatures at states 2 an 3, in °C
c. Determine the net work, in kJ.

2. A closed system undergoes a process in which the work done on the system is 5
Btu and the heat transfer Q occurs only at temperature Tb. For each case,
determine whether the entropy change of the system is positive, negative, zero, or
indeterminate.
a. Internally reversible process, Q = +5 Btu.
b. Internally reversible process, Q = 0.
c. Internally reversible process, Q = -5 Btu.
d. Internal irreversibilities present, Q = +5 Btu.
e. Internal irreversibilities present, Q = 0
f. Internal irreversibilities present, Q = -5 Btu.

3. Steam is contained in a large vessel at 100 lbf/in2, 450°F. Connected to the vessel
by a valve is an initially evacuated tank having a volume of 1 ft3. The valve is
opened until the tank is filled with steam at a pressure of 100 lbf/in2. If the filling
is adiabatic, kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible, and the state of the
large vessel remains constant, determine
a. The final temperature of the steam within the tank, in °F.
b. The amount of entropy produced within the tank, in Btu/°R.

4. Air enters a compressor operating at steady state at 17°C, 1 bar and exits at a
pressure of 5 bars. Kinetic and potential energy changes can be ignored. If there
are no internal irreversibilities, evaluate the work and heat transfer, each in kJ per
kg of air flowing, for the following cases:
a. Isothermal compression
b. Polytropic compression with n = 1.3.
c. Adiabatic compression
Sketch the processes on P-v and T-s coordinates and associate areas on the
diagrams with the work and heat transfer in each case.

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5. Ammonia enters a counterflow heat exchanger at -20°C, with a quality of 35%,
and leaves as saturated vapor at -20°C. Air at 1 atm enters the heat exchanger in a
separate stream with a flow rate of 4 kg/s and is cooled from 300 to 285 K with no
significant change in pressure. The heat exchanger is at steady state, and there is
no appreciable heat transfer from its outer surface. Neglecting kinetic and
potential energy effects, calculate the rate of entropy production within the heat
exchanger, in kW/K.

6. A valve connects two insulated tanks. One tank initially contains 0.5 kg of air at
80°C, 1 bar, and the other contains 1.0 kg of air at 50°C, 2 bars. The valve is
opened and the two quantities of air are allowed to mix until equilibrium is
attained. Employing the ideal gas model, determine
a. The final temperature, in °C
b. The final pressure, in bars
c. The amount of entropy produced, in kJ/K

7. Determine the change in specific entropy between the specified states, in kJ/kg K
a. Water, P1 = 10 MPa, T1 = 400°C, P2 =10 MPa, T2 = 100°C
b. Refrigerant 134a, h1 = 111.44 kJ/kg, T1 = -40°C, saturated vapor at P2 =
5 bars
c. Air as an ideal gas, T1 = 7°C, P1 = 2 bars, T2 = 327°C, P2 = 1 bar
d. Hydrogen (H2) as an ideal gas, T1 = 727°C, P1 = 1 bar, T2 = 25°C, P2 =
3 bars.

8. In each of the following cases, determine the indicated property for a process in
which there is no change in specific entropy between state 1 and state 2:
a. Water, P1 = 14.7 lbf/in2, T1 = 500°F, P2 =100 lbf/in2. Find T2 in °F.
b. Water, T1 = 10°C, x1 = 0.75, saturated vapor at state 2. Find P2 in bars.
c. Air as an ideal gas, T1 = 27°C, P1 = 1.5 bars, T2 = 127°C. Find P2 in bars.
d. Air as an ideal gas, T1 = 100°F, P1 = 3 atm, P2 = 2 atm. Find T2 in °F.
e. Refrigerant 134a, T1 = 20°C, P1 = 5 bars, P2 = 1 bar. Find v2 in m3/kg.

9. A quantity of air undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of three processes

in series.
Process 1-2: constant-volume heating from P1 = 0.1 MPa, T1 = 15°C, V1 =
0.02 m3 to P2 = 0.42 MPa.
Process 2-3: constant-pressure cooling.
Process 3-1: isothermal heating to the initial state.
Employing the ideal gas model with cp = 1 kJ/kg K, evaluate the change in
entropy for each process. Sketch the cycle on P-v coordinates.

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10. One pound of air (ideal gas) initially at 100 lbf/in2, 500°F undergoes an
internally reversible process to 45 lbf/in2.
For the following cases, determine the heat transfer and the work, each in Btu,
and show the process on P-v and T-s coordinates.
The process is
a. Isothermal
b. Adiabatic
c. Constant volume

11. Water vapor enters a throttling valve at 1 atm. An engineer reports that
thermometers located at the inlet and exit read 600°F and 700°F, respectively.
Can these readings be correct? Explain.

12. An insulated vessel is divided into two compartments connected by a valve.

Initially, one compartment contains steam at 1.0 MPa, 500°C, and the other is
evacuated. The valve is opened and the steam is allowed to fill the entire
volume, achieving a final pressure of 0.1 MPa. Determine
1. The final temperature, in °C. (Ans. 495.6°C)
2. The percentage of the vessel volume initially occupied by steam
(Ans. 10%)
3. The amount of entropy produced, in kJ/kg K (Ans. 1.0597 kJ/kg K)

13. (Examen anterior) Muchas plantas industriales generan su propio vapor. Las
calderas de estas plantas no pueden operar respondiendo instantáneamente a las
demandas de vapor que fluctúan de acuerdo a las necesidades de la planta; es
así que es conveniente el uso de tanques acumuladores en el sistema de
suministro de vapor. Estos acumuladores son tanques grandes, aislados, en los
que el vapor se almacena para cuando la demanda es baja y permiten el
suministro cuando la demanda de vapor crece. En una planta en particular, el
acumulador tiene un volumen de 10 m3 e inicialmente contiene 2/3, en
volumen, de agua líquida a 80°C.
a. (50 puntos) ¿Cuánto vapor saturado a 15 bar podrá almacenarse en el
tanque?
b. (50 puntos) Después de que el acumulador está lleno con el vapor a 15
bar del inciso anterior [las condiciones finales de (a) son las iniciales de
(b)], ¿cuánto vapor saturado a 5 bar se le puede extraer?