Models of Health and Wellnes

- A model is a theoretical way of understanding a concept or idea it represents

different ways of approaching complex issues .

Health Belief Model

- Proposed by Rosentoch, Becker, and Maiman

- It addresses the relationship between the person beliefs and behaviors
- Helps to understand the factors influencing patient’s behavior, perception , and
beliefs to plan care that will most effectively help patients maintain or restore
health and prevent illness.

First Component - Involves the individual’s perception of susceptibility to an illnesss

Second Component – the individuals’s perception of the seriousness of the illness . It is

influenced and modified by a demographic ans sociopsychological variables, perceived
threats of the illness, cues to action.

Third component – the likelihood that a person will take preventive measures . It is
results from a patients’s perception of of the benefits and and barriers to taking actions.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

- A model that is used to understand the interrelationship of basic human needs

- According to this mode, certain human needs are more basic than others.
- Provides a basis for nurses to care for patients in all levels in health settings,
however, when applying the model, the focus of care is on the patient’s needs
rather than on strict adherence to the hierarchy.

Holistic Health Model

- It attempts to create conditions that promotes a patient’s optimal level of health

- In this model, nurses using the nurses process considered patients to be the
ultimate experts concerning their own health and respects patients’ subjective
experience as relevant in maintaining health or assisting in healing
- Patient involved in their healing process, thereby assuming some responsibility
for health maintenance
- Nurses use this model to recognize the natural healing abilities of the body and
incorporate complementary and alternative interventions such as mediation,
music therapy, reminiscence, relaxation therapy, therapeutic touch, and guided
imagery because they are effective, economical, noninvasive, non-
pharmacological complements to traditional medical care
Levels of Preventive Care

Primary prevention

- A true prevention
- Precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to patient considered physically
and emotionally healthy.
- Aimed at health promotion that includes health education programs,
immunizations, nutritional programs, and physical fitness activities
- Focus on maintaining or improving the general health of an individuals

Secondary prevention

- Focuses on individuals who are experiencing health problems or illnesses and

are at the risk for developing complication or worsening condition.

Tertiary prevention

- Occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible.

- Involve minimizing effects of a long term disease or disability by interventions
directed at preventing complications and deterioration.
Health

- A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity (WHO, 1947)

- A state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality, and
lifestyle

Illness

- A state in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social,

developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired

- Acute Illness - Short duration and severe

- Chronic Illness -Persists longer than 6 months

Wellness

- is an active process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a healthy and
fulfilling life.

Health Behavior

- is an active process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a healthy

and fulfilling life.

Risk factors

- Variables that increase the vulnerability of an individual or a group to an illness or

accident