Silleza, Angelica Jayne V.

BSN 1-1

Alterations in Urinary Elimination

1. Urinary retention - Urinary retention is an accumulation of urine resulting from an

inability of the bladder to empty properly. Normally urine production slowly fills the
bladder and prevents activation of stretch receptors until it distends to a certain level of
stretch. The micturition reflex occurs, and the bladder empties. In urinary retention the
bladder is unable to respond to the micturition reflex and thus is unable to empty. Urine
continues to collect in the bladder, stretching its walls and causing feelings of pressure,
discomfort, tenderness over the symphysis pubis, restlessness, and diaphoresis
(sweating).

2. UTI - UTI is the most common health care-acquired infection; 80% of these infections
result from the use of an indwelling urethral catheter. Infection frequently occurs after
placement of urinary catheters, and each day a catheter is in place there is a 5%
increase in bacteria in the urine. Catheter-associated UTIs(CAUI) are associated with
increased hospitalizations, increased morbidity and mortality, longer hospital stay, and
increased hospital costs .

Symptoms of a lower urinary tract infection. Give at least 7.

- frequency urinating
- urgency
- burning during urination (dysuria)
- occasional fever
- hematuria
- discomfort/pressure in the lower abdomen
- pain the pelvic area or the back