LESSON 1
Bourgeois
WAYS OF DEFINING ART
Etymology
 Art from Latin word “ars” meaning “art, skill,
and craft”
Philosophy of Art
1. Art as Representation
(Mimesis) by Plato which means “copying
or imitation”
2. Art as Expression of Emotional content
3. Art as Form. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
How Art is Defined
H.W Janson, author of the classic art textbook,
The History of Art. “we cannot escape viewing
works of art in the context of time and
circumstance, whether past or present.”
QUOTES of how art is define
“Art evokes the mystery without which the world
would not exist” –Rene Magritte
“Art is a discovery and development of
elementary principles of nature into beautiful form
suitable for human use” –Frank Lloyd Wright
“Art enables us to find ourselves and lose
ourselves at the same time” –Thomas Merton
“The purpose of art is washing the dust of daily
life off our souls” –Pablo Picasso
“All art is but imitation of nature” –Lucius
Annaeus Seneca
“Art is not what you see, but what you make
others see” –Edgar Degas
“Art is the signature of civilizations” –Jean
Sibelius
“Art is a human activity consisting in this, that one
man consciously, by means of certain external
signs, hands on to others feelings he has lived
through, and that others are infected by these
feelings and also experience them.” –Leo
Tolstoy
SOME COMMENTS ABOUT ART
“Art is something that is created with imagination
and skill and that is beautiful or that expresses
important ideas or feelings.” –Merriam Webster
online dictionary
“Art is the elimination of the unnecessary.” –
Pablo Picasso
“Art is the concrete representation of our most
subtle feelings” –Agnes Martin
“Art is a way of recognizing oneself” –Louise
“Art is the only way to run away without leaving
home” –Twyla Tharp
“Art helps us identify with one another and
expands our notion of we – from the local to
the global” –Olafur Eliasson
“Art wasn’t supposed to look nice; it was
supposed to make you feel something” –
Rainbow Rowell
“Art is the most intense mode of individualism
that the world has known” –Oscar Wilde
“Art is not what you see, but what you make
others see” –Edgar Degas
“Art is the proper task of life” –Friedrich
Nietzsche
“Art without emotion it’s like chocolate cake
without sugar. It makes you gag.” –Laurice
Halse Anderson
“Art is to console who are broken in life” –
Vincent van Gogh
LESSON 2
ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT ART
 It should be universal
 It should be timeless (transient – doesn’t
last long)
 It should not be nature, nature is just the
subject of art
 Involvement of human experience
SHe – Significant; Human experience
VALS – values, attitude, lifestyle
What does art express? –VALS
Why does art express? – to communicate
the VALS
How does art express? – by using
different forms of art
 It reflect the culture
 Art is a product of imagination and
experience
LESSON 3 3. What kind of an effect do you think
the work could have for others?
BASIC ART CRITICISM 4. Dose the work lack of value or
worth?
4 Steps in art criticism 5. Rather than seeing the work as
1. Description. Tell what you see (the being very effective or without total
visual facts) value, does the work fall somewhere
in-between?
1. What is the name of the artist who LESSON 5
created the artwork?
2. What kind of an artwork is it? SUBJECT AND CONTENT IN ART
3. What is the name of the artwork?
4. When was the artwork created? Subject- serves as the foundation of
5. Name some other major events in the creation of the work of art.
history that occurred at the same time
this artwork was created. Subject Matter- the most obvious
6. List the literal objects in the painting aspect of the
(trees, people, animals, mountains, artwork
etc.)
7. What do you notice first when you  it is what the
look at the work(s)? Why? artwork
8. What kinds of colors do you see?  the literal, visible
How would you describe them? image in a work
9. What shapes can we see? What  the subject of the
kind of edges do shapes have? artwork.
10. Are there lines in the work(s Content- includes the connotative,
)? If so, what kinds of lines are they? symbolic, and suggestive aspects of
the image.
2. Analyze. Mentally separate the parts or
elements. Types of lines, etc. Two basic types of Visual Art
according to the subject matter
1. How has theorist used colors in the
work(s)? 1. Representational/Figurative Art
2. What sort of effect do the colors  Aims to represent actual
have on the artworks? objects or subjects from
3. How as the artist used shapes reality.
within the work of art?  The easiest to identify from
4. How have lines been used in the viewer’s perpective.
work(s)? Has the artist used them as Subcategories
an important or dominant part of the o Realism
world, or do they play a different roll? o Impression
5. How were the artist’s design tools o Idealism
used to achieve a particular look or o Stylization
focus?
o Painting
3. Interpretation. Explain the meaning of o Sculpture
the work based on what you have learned o Graphic arts
about the artwork. o Literature
1. What was the artist’ statement in o Theater arts
this work? 2. Non-Representation/Non-Objective Art
2. What do you think it means?  The artwork does not
3. What does it means to you? represent or depicts a person,
4. How does this relate to you and place, or thing in the natural
your life? world.
5. What feelings do you have when
looking at this artwork? CHAPTER 6
Function- refers to the direct and
4. Judgment. Your personal evaluation on practical usefulness of the arts.
the artwork. THREE FUNCTIONS
1. Personal
1. Why do you think that this work has 2. Social
intrinsic value or worth? What is the 3. Physical
value you find in the work?
2. Do you think that the work has a
benefit for others?
  sound object
CHAPTER 7
Medium and Technique
Medium Light
 refers to the materials which are  fractal manipulations
used by an artist to create works  gaseous form of light
of art to interpret his feelings or Sound
thought.
 Essential of art LESSON 8
 Refers to what carries a paint’s Organization of Arts
pigments
 It is also called “vehicle” or Organization- refers to the “order” in a
“base” work of art.
Technique - Refers to the ways
 the manner in which the artist elements are arranged, combined, and
controls the medium to achieve configured to make a whole.
the desired effect.
 The ability with which the artist Elements of art (nasa book, pilasin haha)
fulfills the technical requirements LESSON 9
of his work of art.
Pilasin ulit hahaha
Media, in painting- refers to both the
type of paint used and the base or
ground to which it is applied.

Painting Mediums

 Acrylic paint
 Encaustic
 Fresco
 Gouache
 Magna paint
 Oil paint
 Patel
 Tempera
 watercolor

Sculpture Medium

Hard material
 concrete
 bronze
 clay
 stone
 marble
 granite
 limestone
 glass
 stainless steel
 aluminum
 gold
 iron
 platinum
 nickel
 silver
 diamond
 titanium
 jade
 ivory ceramics
 plastic
 ice
 sand