‘MVTinegral.mws + Tore Meat Value Theorem fo ters) assole Hy sled aarp 3 Hye 1 amples: Human Respieaion Mean Value Theorem for Integrals > restart; with( plots with( Student{Caleulust] ): Lesson Overview 1¢ Mean Value Theorem for Integrals is a direct consequence of the Mean Value Theorem (for Derivatives) and the First Fundamental ‘Theorem of CCaleulus. In words, tis result is that @ continuous function on a closed, bounded interval has atleast one point where its equal to its average value ‘onthe interval, Geometrically, this means tat the area under the graph ofa continuous function on a closed, bounded interval is equal tothe area of @ rectangle whose base is the lgth ofthe interval and height isthe value ofthe integrand at some point inthe interval The FunctionAverage maplet { Maples Viewsr][ MapleNet] can be used to plot a function, setup the definite inte interval, and visualize the conclusion ofthe MVT for Integrals. This maple is built around the FunctionAversee command package, al for the average value on an the Student Calculus} Theorem (Mean Value Theorem for Integrals) spol sh esnendlt Cl WMA MEM GF Teogaid Ne) for which Iffis a continuous function on the closed, bounded interval [ 2, then theres at least one number ¢ in (2 reves gem Proof: ‘The proof of the MVT for Integrals isan application ofthe MVT for Integrals with an appropriate choice ofthe function, Define the function F so that Fu of inta ‘The First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus tells us that Fis continuous on [2,3 J, isdiffereniableon( a,b )jand P'(e}=fle} . These Value Theorem for Derivatives to F on['a ,% ]. Thatis, there isa least one point ¢ in are exactly the conditions needed to apply the a,b) forwhich rr File} =fle) spol sh esnendlt Cl WMA MEM GF Teogaid aieTa Example 1: Average Value of a Function Let Pbe a function defined on the interval [2,8]. Consider regular partion of[ ¢ , ]into® subintervals with endpoints Bm SH Suk | Sm bea thatis, foreach 10 1,2 , define Ae?" and goa sida The average of function values, (sq), ay) fl) ss fhm) +099) + + fla) spol sh esnendlt Cl WMA MEM GF Teogaid aeLas L ‘Observe that inthe final two steps, the definition of 4x. has been used to write — and the constant a boa boa has been factored out of the The sum in this last expression is Riemann sum, If the number of data points is allowed to increase without bound & identified: ite integral can be b wm Zaapas ~ faa lade! 4 isis the motivation for the definition of the average value of function: Definition (Average Value of a Function) Let fe « continuous function on a closed, bounded interval [ a, eee fone J. The average valueof fon a,b lis ‘The FunctionAverage command in Maple's Stadent[Caleulusl] package Example 2: Hypotheses of MVT Satisfied The fetion > Bm piecowise( 10, 0,x<1, x, exp) ) fix) = 2: spol sh esnendlt Cl WMA MEM GF Teogaid aesven avtinegatnent ° aad gain} * ad un e herve is continuous for all real numbers. In particular, the MVT for Integrals applies on the interval [-5, 5] > plot( 2, x=5.5, axes=framed }s ow on on " oe: ‘The average value of fon [-5, $ Ji > avg = FunctionAverage( 2, x°-5.5, outputinegral vg] = ay = Nalue(B avg) = eval ave) spol sh esnendlt Cl WMA MEM GF Teogaid sinesven avtitegatnent a neo wel gg ferme ~ouaste@ial |When the average value is included in the plot ofthe function, the shaded area below the average value shouldbe equal fo the ares under the function, > FunetionAverage( 2, x--5.5, output=plot, averageoptions=[eolor=cyan,filed-true], view=[DEFAULT,0.1]); spol sh esnendlt Cl WMA MEM GF Teogaid nesven avtinagatnen Te rae ate ot Ito penewte <6 0p 1-1) conte ena, 5] ‘The graph suggests that there are two points inthe interval (5, $) where the function value is equal tothe average Value of the funetion on [ -5, 5] ‘These two points are >a a olve( f2=value(2_avg), {x} or, numerically, > eval s2 )s 14s e@4361 |, [x= 2908405571} ‘These values are consistent with the grap spol sh esnendlt Cl WMA MEM GF Teogaid niesven avtitegatnent Example 3: Hypotheses of MVT Not Satisfied ‘The piecewise constant function > £3 = piecewise( x<0,-1, x<2, 2,1): fix) =B: xed a2 Lbs has jump discontinuities at 2-0 and 2-2. Because Fis mot continuous at = 0 or z= 2 , the MVT for Integrals does not apply on the interval [3,3] > plot( 3, iscont=true ): ‘To understand why the conclusion of the MVT for Integrals is not satisfied, observe thatthe average value of fon [-3,3 ] is spol sh esnendlt Cl WMA MEM GF Teogaid nenan avtitegatnent > (3 avg i= FunctionAverage( (3, x--3.3, outputintegral ): Gave value( (avg); zed 2 2 de : 2 #42 aed Lewis I Since the function values 1, 1, and 2, its clear that there are no points on (3,3) where £121 = fay > FunctionAverage( (3, x=-3.3, output=plot, averageoptions~[eolor=cyan,filedtruel, views DEFAULT,-1.2]); The rage ae ot Im =peceweot solve( Bevalue(f3_avg), {x} }s spol sh esnendlt Cl WMA MEM GF Teogaidsven avtitegatnent ‘Note that the average value of the function on [-1, 3 ]is Function Average( 13, x raue( £3_avg2 3, outpur=integral Lo xed 2 x42 deed Lethaia ty Now, since the average value of the function on the average value on [1,3]. Graphically, |, 3] one ofthe values of this function, there are points where the function value coincides with > FunetionAverage( 13, x—1.3, output=plot averageoptions=[eolor=cyan,fil view=[DEFAULT,1.2] spol sh esnendlt Cl WMA MEM GF Teogaid seinan avtinagatnen Te rage ae ot Ii=peoowen <0-14<22,1 conte nena 1,3] gs 18 + 1 ea — And, algebraically, > solve evalue(f3_avg2), {x} )s isa) While the MVT for Integrals does not apply on either [3,3 ]or [1,3] itis nota contradiction to find a case where the conclusion holds even when the hypotheses are false, (In terms of boolean logic: False implics Truc is a True statement) Example 4: Human Res ‘The essential life function of breathing is eyelic. At esta fit human will complete approximately 10 full respiratory eycles every minute. The ‘maximum rate of airflow into the Iungs is about one-half liter per second, Based ox these assumptions the rate of ai flow into the lungs ean be modeled by the function > num_resp_cycle_per_+ imax rate_of_air_flow = spss thas dsnonl Cl AMMA MEML GF Togaid wesven avtinegatnen acs psp eye per_ mine nar, ate_of ait fo > rate nax_rate_¢ * sin( PIs * ft) = rate; r_flow jum_resp_cycle_per_minute/60)}: ‘The volume (in liters) oF airin the lungs at time # (in seconds) is > VOL := Int( rate, 1-0.) vol = value( VOL ) Vey = VOL; = vol; ‘The relationship between the rate of airflow and the volume of ar in the lungs is clearly shown in the following plot. > PL ot vol, evalirate,x=)), 0.30, ‘itle="Volume of Air in Lungs", legend=["volume (L)","rate of airflow (Lis)"] ): PI; spol sh esnendlt Cl WMA MEM GF Teogaidavtinegatnent f\ \ o oe os ‘mune rau ofa hw U8) i (Observe thatthe volume is periodic, with period 6 seconds, and thatthe maximum amount of air in the lungs is — Lor approximately 0.9549 L, rennin cousin of} ste in dati of] etn other stresses respiration increases; the maximum lung capacity is about 3.7 L) ‘The average amount of air in the lungs during one complete respiration eycle ig spol sh esnendlt Cl WMA MEM GF Teogaid saesven avtitegatnent “ta = oarrseasnsa L ‘The everage amount of air inthe lungs during each respiratory ele (while at ret) ia itle under L, > Pd Jot value(avg_vol, 0.30, color=blue, legend™"average value of volume (L)" ): plot( value(avg_ vol), x-0..30, color=cyan, legend=", illed=true ): display( PLLP3 J; PS spol sh esnendlt Cl WMA MEM GF Teogaid 8nan avtinegatnent Youre oath ngs ‘mune rau ofa hw U8) Note that the average value isnot the maximum rate of ar low. Numerically the two quantities are close, but the values (and units) are diferent. Lesson Summary ‘The Mean Value Theorem for Integrals is obtained when the Mean Value Theorem (for Derivatives) is applied to the function F(x) foe the interval [@ , 8}. This version of the MVT provides conditions when the function is ensured to take onthe average value of the funetion somewhere in the interval. That i, when there is guaranteed to be atleast nambercin( a,b where spol sh esnendlt Cl WMA MEM GF Teogaid tsi8What's Next Now that you have completed this lesson, you should practice computing the average value ofa function and knowing when the MVT for Integrals, can and cannot be appled. The online homework assignment includes practice sessions for these skills as well asa general practice session for problems related to this lesson, and a graded homework assignment. Also, complete the assigned problems from the text. Remember to use the Functiondverage maplet | Maplet Viewer|| MapleNet] to assist with some of the average value computations. Quiz 9 contains questions from the Mean. Jue Theorem for Inteprals and Ares of a Plane Region lessons ‘The remaining applications inthis unit ~ Volume of a Sold, Length ofa Plane Curve, and Wark -~- can be covered in any order coh st edsentlt- Cale WMS HIM-GIMY ign