Professional Documents
Culture Documents
En197412 11 PDF
En197412 11 PDF
introduction .......... . 5
from din to equa-standards 8
tup - tun - dug - dus ..... . 9
Wherever possible in Elektor circuits, transistors and diodes are simply marked 'TUP', 'TUN', 'DUG' or 'DUS'.
This indicates that a large group of similar devices can be used without detriment to the performance of the
circuit. In this article the minimum specifications for this group are listed, with tables of equivalent types.
swinging inductor 12
equa amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Literally thousands of circuits for transistor-amplifiers have been developed, all of which were later marketed
under the banner of hifi. The brands that meet the Equa-standards laid down in this issue can, however, be
counted on the fingers of one - possibly two - hands.
distortion meter 29
The distortion in factory-produced or home-made amplifiers is frequently unknown; designers sometimes give
specifications, but these are not always reliable. Since distortion meters are usually expensive, Elektor
Laboratories have developed a simple, inexpensive, but effective instrument. •
flickering flame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
The simplest possible flasher device is a bi metal switch. This construction can be found in 'blinker bulbs''and in
the starter-switch associated with a fluorescent lamp.
The possibility immediately comes to mind of using a fluorescent-lamp starter as a flasher for Christmas-tree or
other decorative lights.
electronic loudspeaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
It is widely accepted that the loudspeaker is the weakest link in the high-quality audio chain. This is particularly
the case at the lowest working frequencies,
The manufacturer has the resources and facilities to tackle the problems at the mechanical-acoustical stage.
This article explains that the do-it-yourself approach that provides the best results at the lowest price is invariably
the "electronic loudspeaker".
steam train . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
This article describes a simple method of building an electronic circuit of few components that will produce the
sound of a real steam train.