Akg duel Molraten @ Riow > Atay ave the drvablut posi dur Cor ane Parti clen) don clemant That cow Foes pant un @ eke Chenaeal veactin Thet io, “ne an divides an element fudtun aud furan , at Lert, we ill gor Mkt Aivaltext particle that Counet be eke cided fuvher. — Called ekg cava [Rete In adual aby tan be clividecl fun to “jubatmic potidir filer Prusten, neuban ancl electra bub tn Snot Coe Hee Clement will bre ik tdawdity J > Ubon a perhlew bye d dong cone toyilher (ilhort Abanisy e) funy an - clement 4 a pardi dor tyh Molden 3 A neclecule re comabinatin gd two or nus, sinter oy cfherant tybe atone, Wud hong Mein & be attain Stability - _s when a pordiculor tyre nilautes Came togettur (ruy fm ao Compouncl , Sranlolor Aru 3 Hydrogen atu — H- ee eign aoe Re 2 essay Teo abot 4 Pe Svomptur q Molecules > onygen moleade - Os combinadiod ~ Rydregen — ~ ves two OY rLuve, anton (esteem tung (4 sites | leinelon of A cnet” Stone al if / ergy £ Bohra '| y Nucleus, | & > Weutroy J chichm Quclemy —— Nucleus to Whe Contre of aan oom uhuch te paced vailh Pasty and Neahos. The uthole rman f he atom ig Cmeanated im Ure nuchur. (ie the Mean gan cima oy equed to Iho may q nutleny, Uhule the huan d (re eS Gh neg igidle } Glechonys > tagakively Charge poricler + negligible NGe Im COmporr to prusto avd nuhuy « They Yeuelve Corbund nucle, in the Acme Loay ag Panth wot revolve arcud Me fun Prost, = fontively charged portileg remain an Vas nucle Veuhwy > Nuuteod pariicln 4 The ham AVGe oy, Preston har. [who The hoo oe dla eapopee JElechny > wag diateverecl by ZL. Thnten Basing > wae dutevencol " Ernent Ruturlerdl Neutron > Woe olig Coverecl by Cheol wick SJrey wore diotoverad im the dane Seqprence , fhe Measn for Late ciotevery q, newken do Ue nushal Charge . i.e No charge Almic 08 5 The total Wo. d Paden sb usenl-ttan km. Lt can aloo be Ju no. d elechory frerent , because in nrourhal atom thor ave arena Putin duel Cleching atu Prerent Atomic Wo. = Total no. edeng = Total ne 4et Borie ets ce deo ai tlm fe Neubrony . Total no. Nuclemg frerent in nucleus , Unibiedl Atomic Meu /pdes > aloo. enewnay Ohmic Men Unb A dafsved ag the me et) Single Gna. ie lamu = pea Single C-laeduns Spouy Moss d tre She Cah = awa a lu o~ 1299Gran atmuc Mon > ‘the Grit qd. Yrubstance hoy mam le Viet equal ty UR Ufied cdomic muy . ¢ Foreg 3 Almac Mos d Hydrogen edna = a Vu Then Gdn akmuic nous = 1g Te Y we fake Ig 4 Hydrogen ates Stan Sha F wil cetuin 6-022 Palopcdon exactly. [G-022« 10), Thue ie coallid Avagadacy Nuniber ed 6-0>2.x 107 cheng /redecubr 4 amry Aulstane eq pal fo =| nesl Elechrumic Conbiguaredion > the cuvranganent 4 e@* in dhe verrioug Ahab (or erirgy Cevela) dan cdo | dhe chenent de Rnown ag elechimic Gmfiguration 4, Mra clewent. Sheet ——Erorgylonel, WE elechona inthall Qr? k ps Qoya 2 A De 2 ea M 3 age = 18 N =| Stuy =Q \ ,A SSN es (Vow Jn finat Mall 12 icy oh sata ke Ahab eS Cam be ‘nise > ae there (according to ar bees) Oey, ES \ Se thenafter & iy 32 -- - yee To Firct Ahebl (Kk shell) & will have ruimmun @ awd im Ire outermost ull dey fave nicuinun Crangy (dhanever ae ® Will absorb energy ub WU Hrannit frum lower Crungy dhol) to highon . Y an e& gumb pHa haighan energy Krell to lower dhen it will lo ik erway ‘the energy Jost will be m the fom Aight bee __g ex branartion Fo Abrebion | N ae aes Ug energy MH y ugh iy : bli hy = ingies A a ee e \yom N . “ Ea laghtmngy Lf = = Ye Yrue to i areStabulity q € Atoms Accorcling ky Ocket tatoxy, an ohm will © fy ty obtain Inn ehadtnic Comfiguncdion ¢ nravert noble gor- © Foregs Huydeagen,Lithivn thy bo hain He Gafni Va LAL? fey to ota We Corbigvetion Fe. an dh will by fo have © SS in Uy Cubnnenrt Thal, Well Helium 4o On exp exception Which oly have Qe in cuernurt Hull cond to Steble - ies” Sodium (wa) —> Momicme. —> MI He. UC eleckonn . Noor Anat Shell, K theve Can emly be 2% pA Mind wesc sy Ber cevsliees = eee FAM hart ig one elec Laff which will ge FM well bub by adding et to M vhell Wa Wil be Unstable Le Why le lore tka elec be atten Sralidity ond [dle co ocet yule Na — Na + VeSindy, Flounine howe 9 6°, taal, Fr us le helt thane ail be Qos L Wha) Frank will be te To cuttain AteibiGiry it wo need tremove e* that a by gti Cre tere elechon dest thes by och Cou be Comploted , e+ ic a © © COMME on chemise iy = it willhave a te Charge and whenwe, an atin gain e U will have a hagahve Chorye Ma —s Nd 4+ le Pate SSE Coven Anion | Mee ecd oA — bs cei Galn mavinuun Ber au or | ; Can Ire Manin, 23 @!@ Valet deee, sues prererd L0 Whe oudemmeyt Shell are called ag -¥et Valence &S. Soreg Sa Maw taaadltvelanecte. CG) tag :% Valence > F hea + valtnce es Cet Ey valeiyre les Vane 3 The neo. q eS an adorns Can oe lee t attain Atability Fy eccerdliny Fo Ocket Sete ip Rrown ay ify Valen oO: Pores Clement Valency Wa ! ce | Cathe. 4 Pe gs Lima 8K in de a tve Charged or nigatively Cherrgeg a atom . Cation Anion Coution A bontively charged odom, Fores » rae (a ae ation Anion et negaty Cherrgecl ato ll 4 is: — Doan,© decade 6 Mediedde 3 When two akomy 4 Jane kind ow cliff fyhe Combine toqellr Ons ii cody , Mhoving thee clechony te alain Sabb, «q called @ molecule , Meatecule re in. Holade | Coupound, When dong dame elemenk When kms cliff Comebina Chena oe combine Sox 0) Ay of ee fe *¢ a Q c eg 4 ; i Fe 8, S There ave Compound, Alton) aha © be ottain pet Eluchronric Conf qredhon foreg > O, (Orygen) — Atoaic No 4 Onygen-co He. Chere Uy Valency i 99 © for two a Ory gen chen, Pein e* ty have 26% reveluiy tn Pho cubrnort shell. 3 Sruaony : Oryyen Wee Showy? ~ Va eS usith two hydrogen ata Gud hydrogen ay Sherriny Onygen e mFChemical Bendis (Co) “The force Mat baths any boo Gdoms bo hom a new enty de cotled chinical bind aud Me Procew r9 cablecl Chai cal bondurg i Chemical Gonebiy fo 3 tyres = tS Qbeckrevalant [Tonic bond aS Covalent Gnd 25 Co-ordinade Covalent bends > Tonic Bond /Plectsovalent bond > 10 horned b Complete travaben. 4 one we reve eS from Ihe Valence Melt oh ene atom to jhe valevee Kha q other , Foveg 2 Na *—> pd tle -O Atle ~ a -A Pron Dersd ie Mat ch —> Nadel 2 “Covalent Bond > UWhena bond 10 homed by dhe nadtual shor ae& @ Co-ordinate Covalent bend > Ln (o-ovdinae bende Only cre atom lait have Nhu berabie 4 Mheowg re #2 coo cabled one dided *horsrg . Cach aku i vhalle” Far Oryyer don't naad ermy € raw. but Y we add & Pxsten to Mig. GT ee.) Pe Sse a Hors in Whig core Prostv 4 not Mhcexivy any Jk e- te onygin bub have Me benefit 4 oupen elector. Thy te the care q Coorelinahe Covalent bond. Alten ten H,,0" rodecale You cannot oli} exentiabe Which bind jp Co-ordinede curef thick i Cuvalend. Tray tll wll behave keane i - H— O-H aud enygen will atain a pardial berthie Change or Me odhele molecule Will atain a tue ChavgeRadio activity 0 The &hortaneoua enumin 4 Yacliatim by heay elemanty to called Reaclioachvily. Trey Phenonena (oag Vt cudovered ly AH. becqpunrel An 186, en he wag workin) on Uranium Salt Lalor, Madan Curie and hon husband Piege Khowed Ainley Phenmenan in Mun metala aloodibke Plitmiun, Pranciuwa % Radium ee. Rearon d Radioachvity > the niain *ecvon jo She Ungtable nuckeug. the atom becanes 50 hecwy dlue to the Preanence of exhra nouhong Shaft it Cannot able to Accmilate wh sts ne and hence @nulg Facli atu f Ly, 5 buquendes and woavelrualha . Ra cdioactive Cramimy = @ Albha (a) Purticlery 1S Helivm nucleuy te bled ax alpha particle a : Hag veuy Low per at D con be abnovbed by o g) paber ov by Abana fort (6) Beda peorticler cles (a) a raaurly Grit J &F ov poke Pothony (crnti -elechars) - = cretct hr Mrengy (an alpha Pays ancl highon Penetvatiny PowerG © Crarama Reys CO) > they ore elechramasnatie Feebierd Yadictiny “a a higfh frequency. . high @ueqy. aud Low Wavelength. > Penetrating Power © vou high and can Pan ' boveug Aweras conbrcleng gq lea ecatly. Race achive Lasteper » hu Loctepea edhich ave Unstable duu to he Provence 4 exbanenbrnrg un their roche: aud henee ent vardouy Hyper 4 Faclicding ave Caled a Hadlioactive Lootse . foveg > 0D Carbon -!4 @ Brvenie tH @ Na-2y @ Lodine -31 GD Cabelt Go @ ©) Uranium -235° ¥-raye > ip afm dd Aechonagnetic wade Shag bigh frequen 7 Cohable Penaheaching edida Laer Tn Medica} bunporer Po euteee by eee Photo qrafsh bore fracture,© Nuclear Reachon > fr anuckar yeadion ,a Rest nucle he bembesded with an climontany Particle (Like neuhon Put oe) yr With anothor nucle 40 produce oWhen Produce tn avery Ahort fine ban, The bird micleay Radin Uxig chisceverd by Ruthochued an 1919 when he bunbarded nubsoyen woth alpha bardicley (He! ter) Muclewy Finion > The Praymentation fa large Rucleus tuto two smaller nuclear aud the Liboratin 4 large Moin “eb viemangy: Ln 1929 Nu Getmon Acceutign Otto Hahan andl F. Heenan Obewed thet when Uranium (wag bombarded “with dlow rertrow tun two Seller PxOoduch were oblained with a Preonencerg amount ¢ heat The » Aplitting < Wianian ip called necloar hision Nuclear furim 3 Th ig a nucleay reaction Ln hide, os Lighter nuclei pure ‘to fom a nuclewo d Greater man In Inco Headior culoo an Chovmaug mount qf heat Mo froduced. De energy productel & ooo Hriey. Greater Shan Ahad £ freoduced sin Ruclear Fimion -& Chain Reachen lo the phenomunen in Ushich neubing Juborated cluning a fasion procons lead fo a fudiun fussim d atova , Halcouing a forge ameud chongy. Half lie ig We tire Whin the amount d Fadiocthie Cbrent becomes half q fre witial the bhonomena_ $o_Uoed lx dating - IS Urvaniun dating 3 Used to clolect Meage d Very cle this (i-e mitale ) The age Lng Valley Civibizedion Yay dake eel ty Uranium doting, fra Me Coina ond Statue found Mou. Cures tw ured ) 2 Carben latins + Uned tr detect Ihe fortil huols mairky. Algo the age d Peboleun, cool dan de clebernunecl by Ahiy vocen a Ce-Mm Uned ) My drogen datiy Usedto dakect Me caer Covent un a body. Also fer Aebecvy tho Age ¢f wine - Hance Culso called aioe * (Guikiuns (4-3) to Used )Geo Lnprrtaut Poole cbt alow © \SoToPEs > Uonunk hewing Ravan adic ro but cbf oan mass e- \ 2 3 \ H Se i , oe iN, Pructinns Deubiun Tei hun ere v \ (oine dating ) In HO Heayy Waker (Ao) (Sioa wtaininlad Nedancdoy reach Tgoburs > QLevcenky awry The dane adowe Haw bud differant ahouie no. Ho He 44 I igh 1 pe at (ee Trade. 3 Chemanty owing ve danw nog nob a> WHE het 2 Trait > Motreuliy and Ling havin) Same Manber of akorra co wel) co elechong . eg On © | Co,Mitel [Nomr-rutale and Alloys ay Ting qa tol Ue elenank Rroun bill date. our ¢ Whidh 92 elenanks ave natural and 26 elinunk art Ovdifia al (made by Men) Nn eerseils eo &3 Matale gy NonMetaly 6-Netallorle are CLumet Mat con Loy 2° to clleable , ductite Muala > Mikule olttain Arability - A protal se ore aud tmduck olechiciby Cshjur, Enc , Suwon etc Px- lem ¥ Petal cam Aho Mane Pesharbien > > Mallealilily > Duchtily > Among > High fermile Abrength 3 Lurow, 5 Gnduda toot and Ceehilicthy etc. Ra -Mikole > Clonug that want bo tale eS bo attain Mab Nen-Malal cove non-cduchle cud donc Corcluck elechncity . Example > Gulphun, Courban , YehMitableida > “Troe aru fer Clowendy aShich Alon ous fespodieg 4 Wetale and Lowe other fresportieg 4 num- fttale, “they ee called Mutalboids fxs Berm , Silion , Geuaniuna, Arsenic, Anticcemnay , FeULervunt Matatloidg are aloo calle tend - Mates -Make. > “the rest Abundant Maral im She Cart Cxust 4g sMluiwiaton > fe Setod Rut ‘albugndant mual de “frm” i Love e* end fem ponte ung Ve uly they are alao called 9 “ Clechvoberitive ” Clements. ny nae > Th

Duck lity 3 fw Prshurty — a mebel ako Long wien ip cabled Mekale ove highly duchly. Qdd hos The hug het cluctbity 3) ood Condracka 4 Meat ad Clady = 3 s Siw 10 Yo Yho but Conductor ¢ 7 pand ‘Le chsciy [ned jg Sho exception lead te apookh conduc “ ( Matale are see a Mnsy have a Yhi 5 Gsid len ond Gia ore Shing packole ze)©) Metale ave Geno hed 6 Mort q De matey arsd hard . the haxdnuy Youre bun Motel fo Mada > Na ondk oo soft nettle. May Can early be od (Sodium) (Pestteamavs) ‘lo 2 pieces by whee. nile sant one Maid aby seen Fenpert -3 excelst Taeruvey (Hy) a hugh, alt ond Bei nt & Mibala have Saabs. MP. Maney 2-38 RS e med Rites 2c Laighear MP = Tungsten aie qk pee toa © Matale Howe high Devotion Ueewieg CUrtal » Oamiuny (es) Lighteat Metal 3 Lithium (hi) 6 (arate axe Snort > $movoy meand capable ¢ producing aw Yinweg Awund ullwn Ahiked - > The capabiliby 4 Metala 4 beng Konx our 12 colLodl Amonly «1S Reaction q Matele coith Onygen Metal + Oxygen —> Maal ordide When nutale ave bwint um aise, Prey react wun the ouygen b hom Metal oudur. fee + 0.) > 2Nao Hie + 0.) =P Awio > Na and ke are vou Yeatchine mobels Fea wilh Oygen veg Hugrourly When let im dhen Oi. Lo Muy are strred in Kerovne sil fo PHivent Phe Headio with Ougen, mouture) cud Co, 4, cur. > Motd the nrudal oid are megdubl im water . S Mekal oder gers gertrallyy, cow basic im nedure ond burn fod Mig bliss. > ina Maal erdelin how baric oa Well ag aad. behowiowr. Such Mekal orcidia ove called fimbhetoric erdder fs flO, ead Zno (2memeads)@ Reaction g Mabale wilh Waben © A react wih wouler Fo from a putal hydrode, Cor metal wide) aud hydbrogen gu £3? gle AH,OW —3 ket\lag) + Ha) Heat rats) 4 WU,0 (4) —> Q Wack aq) +1, (g) 4+Heat > Pottayun and Sodiun (ta) Teale Vicluntty even uh Cold walker to fom hy dbeowide, > Mitele Like Me, Zn ond fe reac with atcann . > lead, Cu, Lier, Geld ond fledinum clunct read toh Waker or ten Mean. 3 oly Mune mata Can veact colth wakr to relooye Hydrogen which axe huve Yeadhive Than hydroger dy Reackuty Jories . (Mant Reackve Metal ) Pottunun (le) Sodium (Wa) proce ReeAE] — Caleiuny C ca) we. Magnesium ( mq) dsogen J i ie AMawcinicans ( AL) © Zine CZn) Twn (Fe) Tin Con) Leacl Cee) Agdeogen ( H,) Lens Yeackive Cebber Cac) nen Mar CH) Hydro] Swen” CAG) Geta Caw) (Least Receive (Mell)ep) Pench ate cith Die Re é Metala pesre reactive than hydvegen Com duplaw drogen bum dil. acide . " nad Gilver, Meraay Crpber cuonet clinlplace hydrogee, (oom dis Rado Qrayt 2b Cay? — > Ywack cay) +H C9) Sodium ond Psttomium veada vitlently osdh ci Hat Cus) + Het Cait) —> Wo veachion (5) Reactor d Makola with Salt Selb peore readhve Prabal Araplaceo a Lew veechve metal frome tly alt Solution Cusoy Cay) + Tn 6s) —— >» Znfoyy) + Cal) (hue soln) ( ue ( Redanh Sow ) me) Cusoy Coq) + Hy —> Nie readin (uly?) © Reacting 4 Mele Lith Chhuring 3 Matale read wilh Chlurine to hom elvehrovalint Chleriden . > Na ip amebtal 40 dodury reaclily yvecich{ Lith Ohbrine bo form elockrovalent chloride. r anmwacd eh Be Gociun Chloride J woke + Cleckrovalt meany (mic bmdao> Te bade blo te aud negabve Low )© Reaching Metal rit Wydregen » @ > Mot 4 the pueda cle not Crubine wth Hy. Orly a (ew veachice muabalg Like Ua , Pottanium, Calcium and magnenium reat} WwUh hydrogen to fom \eycbsi den ulhen : @ ay Hydrogen Yoo ha pane over heated Sockiun , Vian goddam lagbtide te fprmedt. 5 ONIN) Qvaryt MS) Bodiaane hydricle, We 4 Miele > > Syalegac Padala = (Metal whidh weigh lew than sears) eg “Canin (4c) 3 a Wed to malae france 4 asnohlane engine > Ranium oud Shatin Used in Cracleany bo give Green and ved Colour hight -2 Zinconium (an) > Te Wy wtal which burna Wuthouk ony gen am The Prvente qo only Trun + Te > Steal (bullet prod Steel ) Cobalt -bo - boul I Conet hreatnunt . aS Mercury ip wed wm Thomourlers > head ie used im makeing Con bolterien.© an. teed Or Phapsical Prcgperhieg of Men Mtale > Wom metale ave neither malleable muy duce Mwy aye only Britee (able Fo brccaue Cevnihy ? > Nor-matela dmc Conduct heat And ehectney excaftim — Graphite je c geod ate Clachicity 3 Nm Matale cre not Lintrous (rst thiny) Exception 2 Dianend up the Hai nent Shing ebenent in Hye wot Univerre 5 > Lode alo ip a thing Van motel . aN on mulala are gran ely hE Sxeelton— Diamond ig Tre horrdent kenowin elemune > Wer -matale have fe Low MP tualhing Poin Sxeebtim - Diamond - M.0, abe oo'e Chunscal Pruborticn Mon Matala (D Reaction qd Wor ratebs wth Os: Nene each wlth Onygen bo fom Gadie we Neutral crddue Co — &, acca Owide ) 4H, 4.0, > 2HLo (Meutral omude }© © Reschon 4 Won—mnshale with Water Non- rikule do mot realr touth Loalen (ov SHana) to evolwe Inydoeogen gr Aa Whoy all are muve elechontyahe fhan uy dbeoger (D Reachon | Men-Mctale with Auda - Thuy dmet yeack wilh acide. Co Recution Norm reste with dealt Shon A ruse yeachve nen rttal aVeicen a Ley Yeathve rim wotal Kuo Uy bald tah. Prt) > p agn + cl, —? Wad + Gre So ron Socurns dunt Bronuce i Cromude © Reaching Non=Maele toh chluvigh LS Hydrogen H, + cl, —> AHd pry drogen chbovide Chuvine Yeah with Wy dbrogen Fore rn, chluri de , which w a dheng coud, ' “yn © Reackm Nen- mekaly couth hydwogury fom wukal, reed With hydeogen fo fem Covent hydbuder- Hy+ §4)—> HS? Uyddesgen SulphicleLa qd Non -Mitola ©, 1) Hydcogen io aed im Ira haydtagenation 4 2 3 4> 5S es ay w) vegehable cil. to Male vegetable Gree Liquid hy dreagen de Wwred 0 a Hock fuel. Cann ( in te [yo graphite) he wd kor mali, elecleoclos (ihsogen jg ned 7S gaat d Ps, WA a fo rurowe feade eae alme ce Pabiajen, Wee Tat Malate crud nilvoglyeruine coe Wied om tehloriver . Sulphur ia ured om malehy guin Powder Sulphur 19 aloo usetl im valearigahen ¢ yubburMinsxale ond Dron B Oceurance of Metals > Garth Gust te Ine Majer Jounce 4 Sens Mod 4 Ne ruokeda, Quidle Meachive aud g0 they donot Occur 42 fre eleranta in nahune Ly Metale found im Jno Cormbinod dale cuce Pottansiuv Ma, Cabcina , Megnimuvt / Alununiuns, Zine , Vton aud Lead 2% Matala bound in jue Make ave Cu, Silver, §otd deck Platinugns etc Cu and siluen {ewnch im beth bree and Combing Atake . Minwrala 3 The nahural materiale om Which She patila ov Thad: Coupounda cere fprumd eanh ave Called mintrals Oven. 3 “There niminaly fun Whidh the puctale Canbe trbracted Conveniently and Prufitadly are called overwy %» 3) 4S Typo Over = Orauder Ore > Corbrnute Oren Sulphide Halide Orn Chenin Aluminio, ® Maned Oe Ranaite (AI,0,°2H,0) Cuperiter(U,0) Heraatike (fe,05 ) Cunebrite ($n, ) Linastone (Cato) Colanune (Znlo, ) Sidarile (Feo; ) Tone blends (ZnS) Coplun Jlance(Ga,s) Galena Cpbs) Cinnabar (Hg) Rock Salt (iad) Plewrsjan (€af, ) Horn Fiver (Aged)Meng - 3 OF the exhuchon and purification matale feo Mheiny Oye Ly Rrmone 0g PeckalUargey« Ska Trvolved mn matelurg y ak Us Concembration ore > eT an maberualy amd (nureerény Ove Content. 25 Crvenrion lh Concentrated ore into Metal Oxidin 3) Recbuction q Matal oxidh fo Meal ey Refinniry 4 pure Metola Tapered Defining ¢ 4) ee > The Unduvirable Makertole prerubin & ps 3 Substanee added to ove bo remove Gengate © Mag ey Maodure & Flux and Ganque. @ Sinkedng 2 Tsp a Procen 4 Owrhig ore fo A fase tueawnable Aigt befere Tho Comedratim o oveGs) Concentration g Ore CEnvichrent q Ore) > fhe Pwr d samoval df, Unwanted matedals Lure Aavd Sox, yorks ele. fun Ihe Ove be Rrewmn or Lumcanteabion » OVE chuming buntficLadim > Thy to clone by Wring one ov Move 4, Vhe [touny Procewur < @ Hydraulic Waking ¢- Flow J voater ie tied to Ae khunate gangus pret ove. Tt band om chiffon nt denatiea gf ose and gongue. © Magnetic Sepanalt on -— Raed m wategnaic and nm ~macagnahic preperhes ore and gemguce G Froath Ploatahmphecn > the preoen U4 sure bur ul phide over The Aulphide ove da weld Wilh Pine oil oud gangue Cath Wwaler, A froah q Sulpde & cadlected . @ Leaching 5 da Ship Protons ove be treateel tol Auitable reagent Which dindves ore bur not Nhe ifawitiera @® Convowion Conantrated ove into Mites oxidss « ate oe ie Comerted Calci natin Cakeination > A couvbm aled belo U9 ar inks wukah oxide by Fn Pry Procens Maa ove 4? fant om Wo premnerced ahs E Gaeina oC° + Coy? fin Wig Process bulphide ove H Recut > © Reais. heaking ig Grwerted into vuttal oxide by w Me prenence ef ov CUR S Reduch m (retal ovider to Metal - The vencoval 4 onygen bro tuy Chonan le called Sudluctim, hence Lhe reduch om 4 Matal mudi fe natal. Thinnule Yeats > The racluchim q a matal orude Jo kon motel hy Ming Aauiniunee fewer co 4 fear, agint Jy cohled Thomulle Teach . Chechslytic veductim 3 The ncallen heme 4 matal ovudin te fourvedl by high voltage cuwunt wWhidr Hoh wn Moleare On aud puro wetal iy obtained. 1.om Refining. Sorows Mata. Ce. fanifcatio« Mele) 3@ Clectrdyfic Rehining —> Sin Why mathed two elackrocler are ured anc tarunt ly paned sm Mn Rtlutim . ORL 4, We gludkredlen +9 4 pure mata fa the Cave panes Me mately Araata CLepritiy bal om Inne eledksode 4, Pure oe WL, PL uence refined by thig walhodl 5) cus anean ® Liquidstion Awe natalg which have inch udition eee higher Maltin poinkt Phan the ructal are \rihed by Inig rcthod . (©) Dublatin = tne Proam ia used fo partly Cre rutale Which hawe arg bsiling Petnkg ey Line, Moray , Sodisam , Pattanaiuns -CoRRO Sia _ ray [o Tineneating upd milals by dre cactin AL, Wrshune or a chemical (iuch ow an add) on Sra Awrhace 4e collud Lowvonin cxton 4 (wun & called wuating - The Cov CoRROSIOU V Rusking Anodisny eal SS Lue dpim vn ath Ore Rasting > Whin an bun obyect Lorweved mio a \e a © d breton (ely subytance called Runt . pe Rust @ Any crated tte Tsun ( Fe,03-%122 ) Condition enential ler wort iS 1S Prarenee dh abe 25 Prnenee d Looker and Mointune Provention as by Paintin )or Abhhy ing greaye or oul > gelvanigng = By tin plang and Chrumdant plating a eeda Te @ apron d fying Heide lagen Clundaiun oxide on on ahuraniom abet bya, hk hon Ur Comer i omtact Wouth bust woken sthig Layer + cckualy good becouse jb protec Ahan niu yume futur PEAT: Covronion of tobe > The Lrrarin q Gu VOry Voy cam. 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