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Softusasee + vse a text chade — Liceuse woe &x: 7 pen (aiedos) teaqnuross ) Sopt sas + rial version > Shere woase &x°- DM, Antivires Setup C-exe) —> fnslakt — use Nod A (x) Sounce Cocle LiKe eclia > Pree AEdit oft idsasce ) Pee | sopltoare tase + free lai ty ~ Open need a ty ny to neo du Bofteoore — youre Ex!- LINO VRrclroid 2 OS hv ou Copyseight uly Gpus Bowne ECS) )tw Vu Lv VY Tailor made software !~ — Collect user requirement ~ Developement &x- ERP (eri fe Redousece pleonnirg J -mis ( Management Informed fon wystem ) HISTORY Name of the first calewlating machine uses'- ABACUS Rlafze Pascal ~— Pascal Dine (Auman being) Gott. friend VonlePbnitz erat machine _ os Tacquascd- Taequasxel low pees “bbe 8- Ai] exouce Engine aa cal rng (fadteat caleilatin machine ) hacly tla dugusta First lady programmex Lovelace first Progra mmc Howare Aiken —Klaeds ee ponies ald Ruaine machire firs! Computer John Atanaso: AARC Atcmasoff besese DEC Higital Satpal Corp. ( a wy) first chigitot Computer Model of Computex 1 Chasles Bobbage> 2 vv ’ e ” Geneva ‘ons PY generation (1942~1955).—Vaccome tube /Valeee : ~Clee de forest.) oi gqusexaction (1956 -1965 ) ~ Trausistor ~ John bustcleu, coalten bratatu utilltam Shockley « _ SF guwnation (1966 - 1975) = Gntegralid ~ Chreutt ~ Tack Smith Kelby {Hh genesastion C196 - 1929) = Lasege Sorte = Sntegrated - vey e scato ess ied 5 oeneration (1990- til to clay) ~ UHra # Seals trlegrocti od Mee ldny Sago John Mee Lompoter Aagcurtecrure ‘ TL. eae [useR|—> [Nboront]——> Aol —>. [Ourpur_onit|~ |OSER) [col Ovlput nif Tntexact cath uso use inkuaet ce th cupul ten? t All input £ @ut put aleviens asee called peripheral On peep Deyo VOY CO) ptjeyt c)ZENPOT UNIT > To entese rao data tn Computex 0 boasel 9) Mouse 3) Scannev wy Toysti 5) ot ef 6) Styless - D) BER Bar Code reactex &) OCR optical characten Recognis tion 9 ONR Optical M Realy * 1s) MICR Magnet gnchasoctur reeegnistion 0) Track boll bo) Toueh pal 8) Mike a) Webcam _— Keyboased 3- - > Total no- Ke log to lo 7 ‘Or layout of astel AZERTY ;OVORAK QWERTY (Peg wee ) - Fastest Layoud feoyboaseal —DVORAK 3 “Types of fps Alphabetic A toz Numoserc he omdg loncki on fF, to Fia row 45h Special ESC, tab) Caps loc yshiptyctrl Fh fey Pelieceg eal ) lolnkee, Alt Space bas, Réght click eq,i 4 Sr ronal key boasel types ont 5 fey 3 gn muttimectia Kee baseel “ype we key és 6 => Navigation keys 2 — _- > tohfely ore Used to move from one prge to_another e vlrrow keys Page up: Page clocon, Home ;-End - b + fle + tab 25 * fittshifittab> OF ol —* edinfay + bab > mH Note s- To reack Cursor xtaxt aud exc Late = wee ove tasting home £ endl kay % tvely => MODIFIER KENS ‘- thiol. axa not voor Separately. oy wohidle mas with Combinations thes Cri, ALE i Shifty Pr key | laptop) 3 Bt ep 3 - better? wy) ree)ll => Stic !- Shit Fess F timed in a row sticky nole open J F p pw fie Toggles cay - Stottch Confort) oe wohide care Work Cd a Seoitel ~ lock ¢Num. lock: Insext ~ 3 Use of Inseset key : fe =o Delete a i Palos wn Delete (ef 2 a Right &x- Ths fe My file «— - This is ny bang - a = Tb repleree | over vorfte any characlex [rn ombex |symbo) a OAs |Replace : - & USe of Enler ‘= To change line f — To b Une _. 3 - To cr Naeopasa gra.ph = Use of tab !-=4or Fncentation ‘ 7 of = te move cumsor Multiple chasact ala time > USe of Esc keys i a @utside Fntentionally from ony — & Casrode mode '!- tohere we sec more than one applications / = ~ window at a fime in desktop> onctionatty of any tol represicts by foo! Hp tsnfay 4 m9 [votnfy +. ~> | Mouse - Position 4 Mouse in Computer ~ Right hondled- mouse Ts an eg dleutce re 9 & Drop « chick , Scroit; getect Mecharuccd mouse opticed Mouce rot ron oe f 4 Ao | Als body \ / ) Dey iD ry 44 d yryo)-* Scanner !- Te scan text, fmage 2 produce ape ~ fmage, : “Pg extension by. dep : pe “ i “Tp4 Tofri picks qroup om) - Taha piotutee expeet group. : oe Astrn« Ftc pe f 2 - gtr Sane Iniox ch lormat e i fortadle retoork giuphics : ri Trouaf oud frrage file : ea eeeeet he Tog mage {ie Yormat _? TToysticx !- Computes gamed : 9 Light pen [> To uorite cauthingy céu eleetron?e Screen . . % Stylvs ste — Non-electronte pointing olevice ~ use in touch Screen devices : ~ Resistive stylve touch 2 ~ Copaci Hve touch » BCR :- Bar Code Readose Handhold Sccinnex To read | Scan price of auuy proctuet To read vertical ne having cliff width: —* : 13 cligit (stoRting Bcligit- sai) bo Countary lode. Ici 8Y0 } : > OCR oe character reog rion © read character 4 _~7 OMR '~ Optical Mark Read ox a St ranvyute datet of ponipony? Seth Aipital tnCn> MICR == Magnutic Jak choxactex nition InghMicR , C stancld for character he nition, Reaclor , To read is & alewandl clraft NICR i q alia . ¢ Sa SoMagealic chin g > Webcam ie video caltfng ~Y Thack ball -- To navigate pointes > Tov poo s~ To navigatt mouse pointen 4 NEke 37 To entés voice - = OvrtPor Devices &~ 1. Monifor ]UDU (visual cléplay unit) CRT - CCathede Ray Tobe y LCD ~ Uguid ctystat display TFT - Thiu ¥kim transfstor LED ~ Ugns ent Hing Diocle: a Printing %- Types of printey ] SS ncn Gmpeet printer (Inked Ribbon) head) Non - Impact print ex Claseydrum } tpi) eyeytd Cy OVO) ED Pryr ae) ye> As per Use :- Une printex < Snk-jet Non- Impact chain Sm Laser printer Dotmatrix printer Thermat Daisyuoheet Drum Z bd est quatity printex - Laser printer Quality 4 P DPI.- Dots pec Finch PPL ~ pixel per Pnch > Nofe:- Smallest urit of any image P hres . i Speeel a= PEL page pas minute "= Plotes: 8- To print large maps, hosed bocwedlt flex £ bannesesete Drom plot es : flo beat ploler- ~ > Note §> graphics qualfty of “plottex’ fs better thon ‘Printer! =. Speakas 3 - Produces Gut put iy audible format -2 Sep 201F = > Note é- “Touch Screen : a np DEgital Camera - Input | autpu Movies : fax machine aoe facsimile = Sp: MODEM i. ) ot CPU = central processin nit or Fr}eyads Brain of Compoter [Micro procestor — ALU (Arithmelic Logical unit) [t)~) X , 4) AND, OR NOT, NAND NOR, KOR, XYNOR - ~ Mo (Memory unit) te Contafn process clata peas and store thformation ; A weet 4, — CV (Control vnit) “Te Contro) olf 0" oF @perattons a J Compo fon on Compvler. ~ Note ¢- Comparfefon bl too numbere perform by - logtecd onit J ALL. .L0e# ‘ALY Noy thee ~ ae Decfoton making Operations are performed logical oon at : f _ 9 Memory UNIT o— Primary memo ty } main memory:— “fo process clad. Cewctary Hemory | olox?Uary memory? ‘fo gore data ~3 Primar Memo J 3 Shutdoon —Ram o% — RAM !3 Random Access Memory (Ceerrently Process. clata) . > Tém rary memor| > Wolbite Memory f > Read | wrile mesory After removing Current, data bod — 3 RON 2- . Glos *- Basie Input Oolput — Read only memo System, . ~ fermanen memor : — Non- voledtile ethoxy sy 2 Booting 8- Storlup o ABC +clec + Hide Computer (Hosupactunal> React only 7 System og Nole 8~ Blos e onl Pano — Boot strap Loacer kr ca alusoys 5 ‘ities beoty -Te Lote! op erath Jem From harel&fe ( seconctmemon to Ein prhnary rbd F i v m aus 1s the process where Computer a thet al) Comp nents aré pro cork ing oF nol-and this task! Is performed be Pode! — power on Self test. % Types. of Booting 2- tv Cdlel Boot Con (start) 22 Warm Boot (restart / Reboot )* Sleep WStand 2 Power Consumption on, all programed p 4 Wave fn RAM (short peried) e Hibernate ¢- Power Censomption off} all Programes save fn hacllisf long peseted ) : Note é~ softicare permanently install fn ' Motherboard — Sof lroare provideet uy or = softwoat Maidpuldled by manvfectocer Bios f Apulaled by mano} - Datat -of Ron Bios a iz i oO - Program voritlen. in. ROM » Cache Memory $-~ fastest processing memory tn ‘Compoler. Note:- Reg¥cter > cache! memory 7 RAM (RAM) frees —> Cache —> Processor (cpu) => Virtual Memory 8 Requirement of processing memory ba> : imagiy J ae iy 4 pro cain ool uu’ How ri rograms uu ata elime uu Computer ao tothe Capacity of RAM-+ Cvirtual ee 5. — Memory borrowed cae hard disk +o exterel Gapaci of RAM Ys called Vfrtual memory. Manpfocturer- firm > wore yayeoyryry yro )which one fs Most Imp. for Rooting ) Bool strap loader — aus. 2) operating ystem > Secondary Memory | Auxivary Memory 3- To store data permanent| i 5TB J * Hard clts, ~ (78 * secret 9 eitete (uma) (3:5") Sas”, 9") 8) Com alis C4 GB Single as Ugo REG Dovdle b x Fat Vicleo/ versatile disk ( a 7 # f Hive Cord (1 8G8 -- oo dive CQbEB : [ 0 Dis a er (25 Ge) clefoult ) ae I ey foce} & i 3k er (10068) Aloyer C1&Q 6B) HD -wucio Mddeo Jormadls .gleql ts 2 Herd disk : 2 Fle Magnetic storage Media 2 haqpel tope 9 Head I = CD — DvD f optical ste medbter = BRD laser beam (ssp (solid state drive) — fen Srive [Thump drive - tash memory = Memory cards a resnovi ng current idea) remains + Note ¢- Most Commonly used Storage media ’- Ni netic Stor y 9 oie = Romovable Memory ~— Flash memory _ 2 Non~ Removable memory - ROM : FORMATTING, 8 — ~> Te, tracks and. sectors m any storage media Storage create ‘I cE meettcr > To Cleonup yout s stem =~ Computer... : Te change earence af decument euch ag font Style, font c¥lor , Font size,and alingnment efc- Dodoment - ub flow to m loppy usable ? floppy? cee steie 7 ue atacks [| name wv foy matting J yryeyryed bys 343_~> Dfreet [Random Access 2~ mR PAlote $- > Graphical formal o fle | folder 0 Lb : é abaiaray hig Beye 1 fe & : > Father af GUl— steak To ag Hil ~ ~> use of CON *- Quick launch B. co fi fle | Folder presents inf form ic@ns, we i - are accessing clfrect Peden as ~~ eg Hard he ftoped pooner : ft Access 3- PT). ue — “Tape - ae FBC AOC + DesktoP “AF Harduoares $- Physical Components . _ ~> Nother board { System board | PCB [pstnted Chrew't bocud J > RAM —? DRAM (Dynamic RAM) hep resh) : SRAM (statfe RAM) einer —> DDR -> Dovble Mala Rate Cper-s> i = ~~ ROM >> Naw. foctorer —> PRON — rammable ROM S > PRON at lseable a Ron {elte~ vets) —> EEPROM ~ Electrically able PRE Bin dace. Cire) CM OS—C Comp pletely Complementa et Sem canducty) 2 T6 update Yine dale and Bios a SMPS 5 Gwllched mode power SupplyHard dik 3- primary Storage media. 3 Pata :~ faraltel Advance “Technology Atlachrvent- ~ SATA t- Serial Advance Aechrotogy atlachment. ? > ost ees Coniversal Yeuial Bus) (4 pins) ~> Bus (Tin wolves / Ribbons) Address bus, Sata bus, Control bud Micro ~processor (CPu /beafn Compuler- > 4c, Capaci tors 1 Resistors » Heat fa Sink ; fon > Cabfnet . _ Note £3A metal box Contatins all electritad aud mechincal egtuipmeuts o Computer. ~ Systent UNIT > Computer tower is known as System ontr 2? UPS - Un interrup povoet Su ply enction= power back vf = SofPteocre ae Frogroms | Set of Jnstruction > System Softioare ! ~ Jt works as a inferface between user and Aarol ware.

Windows — MICREQoFT Co- = AR ~ IBM Co. ; ~~ Android Chromium — Google Co -? (0S) MACINTOSH — Apple Co. —y Linux — Unvs forvald : ats inet ow Be, einen Mindie Mites , ) Fejejchie, Application software $- Gofiwase vse jor Specific pe ose, i eg-:~ Media player, Browser, Adobe Reader, Corelarars ete. PH otatty software i>. Software dfrectly interact eofth hardenre and use for Sccurrty puscpese also+ eg. J~ Drivers fire cally Antivirus’ , Note:~ Prevents from Virug ~ Antivirus i - cmp Prevents from onauthorfsecl access — firevoall -=7 ENIAC» gEjectrenic Numerical Integrator & caleutator i ~=> EDVAC:~ Electronic Discrele Variable Automatic Computer. _ = EnsAe :- Electronte Lela Storage Automatic Cater > UNIVAC! = UNiversol Avtomatic Computer > oi Computer tS! Gene — ENIAC Hirst modern Computer — ENIAC * pe Commercial [etl eLling ad alae UNIVAC 73 “np chaselu Rabb: > tr mat n ap fer — John Von Ni > UArchited — John Von Newmen a> thon of mpl wereney ~ Alou Tor Iriel - % irs} processor was Intel Ago C4-bFH) .% Ohiel stoud Yor — Integrated Zelectronicé > board = — iighopher athem sholed - > Mose -—- Do elbartt > Ctr) tAH+ Det - asf Mi ent David Bracll on = Ctrl Eshift + Eso. — “window Tas} Meu _? Press. Ctrl ++ AL + Dell fo ‘Restart your polar — worm Bootirg ~ ct pec me eed in 3° Gen. 1tH= BCD :'- Ainary. Coclecl Decimal > Representation iy 4. bits. 7 EBCDIC !- Extended Binary Coded Mecimal Inter @ Code - ~> Representation cin % bite. > “foial no. | values du 8 bits CI byte) cwe 28 Case) (0 2.255) > ASCII = American standart Code for Information Interchange > alee uu 7-bits, ~? Total no. a} Values ctu 7 bite are 9 *CiaB) Cotorra) Ase us oniversa aocepted Cocte . AteZ ~— 65 t4Yo ato ~ Qt Fo J9Q oto — UB bo SF Note !~ 4o unterstand hit on kous AF Types of Computers &~ — As per technology :~ on Ca uter (Speeclometer , thermometer) 9 Ps — Digital Computer Capability to understand © tol) — Hybrid Computer Céeq + Mer —> As per Wize :- ~ MEER Computer / — MINI Competer (Or fe Digital Computer — Matinstrame ComputerNole $- Computer toor Ks as a "server ' ~ Noingreme Compoter _ 7 Soper Computer —Deray} PARAN PARAN —lo,000 7 India PARAM YuvA-ais chapler — Logie Gates > Be Gates | - 0 lean Algebra aq a logieat operations axe persformed by “Aru in Computer > an ate 3 ~ fi : 4 =| c= (ne) OR Grate *- at CHAT SP NOT Gale 2 A fe A-A' eg. = Inverter 4 NAND Gale? = A NAND. & - [>< C=(A-8) 2 NOR. Goke!= ee > OR. Gatel-~ As c = A@e) Sa See : herr) ? XNOR Gate !- ia Ce A@B sy ef .™ in g' +A-B) tye GyAND en Hen NAND, NOR XNOR . A B AB ALB f- =A! a8)! Ars Cal co B) (Al-dnd oO Oo eo oO t I Ole t | ! 3 r ° ileeteat ¢) oO t oO I o t oO It ! ( 0 ° a ° ! Aro AB + Ap! Bro koto Note :~ Basic goles axe AND ,oR)NoT UNIVERSAL Gaty at MAND, NOR Special gaty cscee XOR, XNOR- OY Oro, oO, t0 100, GO! 9,01, otIgsepras Chapter >. INTERNET -?. Internet é- Onterrational Networks - Network ef Nettoor ka Ame Use of Internet —? Globalisation a wows t- world utile web = mp. 103C & world twoide web Conserfivm a Rone Sse ah rote cols. a tmp area Se roles re gmp: ETF s- See Engincering task force. — noebpage * ~ Collection of In ormation 1h perlin S pimages cuclio ‘he se and lash Ae er amp ~ Home page a> first page t mein | Home {welcome is 2 q aly! ie he peg a rp: toehstte 3- Collectioncy web : = Demain me Tegicem yphoote net vi) a Hyper Unk $- aie Se TP K “Te move. frera. ‘one eek to another a webpage Fs, Called er ition | : a 7 Navi ation occurs clue fo * perlin ing’ > Hyperlink Heh text + Hy f Vinage Jup 2.8 1 el of erlink fs “Heal sign gap. Note &~ hiodle eye having ‘cli fferent 2 notations in different precetsirg otafele >- Svar 3- way fo corile an instruction fn any Programm fh Yo ange woith the help of Some special symbols Gnd_data types - - ~fny : Lobal host a ntax 8- Za href ="hetp: lito geegle Com" > geogle < * eis ged Hsing HyperUnking : - % Heme (Hypertext markup lauguaye) Cohtml /-htm). A Note peel JE text €dfto ite oly | ~7 AGE 2 htm — webpage = potmary name Secondary name ABC HTM - J v _#® Note 8- Separator between primary and secondary name is cattlect * Perfod ' # Note 3- ddentity of rile represents ‘File @xtension' Hyper Une stort buttor = “Task bor §nternet access : *ole > &y default Color of Hypertext fe Blue! A > URE tS a unique acidliess o Cuesty web page - qiequutteliad) —» aS Pacgile Contact_vs. a __ Ryper textwebpage ‘ fa \gnrternet accese ~ Note t-pCookles are prewi gus brows? History stored fn a : brovoser'4 Cache at client een » a a ~> fonelion of Cookies —2 Cufek Recess. ~ ma <> t » 2a> -> Anchor tag ; vse for hyperlinking. a * href ~> Hyper fee t ie pore eh: apne {bomaie amt: - — 2 we text transfer pretecel- - ANote s- Request Res Ponse of cochpages over the fnternet « - & hitps hyper text transfer pretecel Seceue - : Note's- vsername .£ passvoocel . ‘= a chip requut, in client — Siilp vespere Server a # Note $- verification of username and password fs Bs called ‘ Authentication!, * = frentherd + Frontend —? Brovoser. (EF) > Backend —7 Notepad -_ 7 flash Application 37 E ~ Animation of websites <> Pelobe flash player CApplicatian sofbaa) {ecssense) i a ~ Ok Nite 2 Refresh (Ps) = upaade . ah "Plug ins &> S0fteoare refers to fnevense Functionality of. — browser Ca : — fing! -: - Flash i Imp» >. Extension “ Lash filet ic - sof [shoq coo. hp 7? Add-ons? Te on seme new featores ‘fp tladh. exfating SoPticares aa Note %~? Adobe reader C+ o PAP! - portale decument format). (non ~.Editabie. | Read Gare SY pdobe oo (:Pmd : clocument) Ty la Adobe photoshop de ieee photos sep ocumend)(photo ci Corel co retdraw) cog uane prP a pbc HTML XML “Hyper tert markup Leugeage > ome | extensible mreupup Be faced tag et, wsel ebed > Case insensifve tagree =I case ea ~ 3 TE create webpaae > Gry | éxchalah froNote s- languages wohich are using R67 tags cue called marfeup — . lange : zs DHTML $~ Dyromfe Hypertet marfeup language = > HTML ~ to ce Loebpage = ess > Casceceti “ate wheot Gess) DHTML > To make Toot ge athactive > Tove Serip} > Te rage Loebpawe dynamic i ae Mebpage are 2 types é- ~ " ~® Static webpage ? - Avtomatic wpdation not possible HTML - ise > Dyromic webj :-Autematic updation possible aN Seri srg tow a (Java Script ; PHP, Ashe--) > PHR > ardent” nple S80 F. ASP > ace Se ver se Wee Brooser °— To view} browse roebpages: > 1%9 rj feaper liars search ~ Project ‘ Net eoorkJ « ~ > 1930 > Vinton | fend cerf « Onterned.- = her nd Qniernet a > 194 ~ m Remers lee wwe i feats a Lowe > 1993 > Mosafe “Broo ae Cory Saar > 194 2... Mowe Wnctersen Netscape ppaeied ae : tux of Broroser first Succescful breeaser. S log, —- ora Ch. @pera web broteser Moseude voeb breeeser Yirsf teeb bro voser.~ 1906 Microsoft Co « Onterned Lxptorer- 1448 Mozilla eas Moziila Pre ee 2003 Apple C Apple soxfev 20k Google Co. Google drome i fini Inclian Provoser § - Epic (oo) - URL % uniform Resovrce lecatar OR uniform lunfversal Resource loector . ut > Protocel + I/ couw, domatn name 4 first port of any URL « Attp Heanor google “Com > hitp i- HH per text fest proteco! gop > NOTE s- Reques anel Response of wocbpages . 7 wwN-- Syn ef exfstence of ony voebsile en web ae tName of coebsile “Hp COM — $-Domoin" of websile Fexple com 8- Domain name of website. de Types of Denotns 27> Generk domain (purpose) L ye f > a domain ae _ > Generic domain Nos profitable clomeain _ Top (-Com — Commercial +Ox9 - aganicationcd lud}- edu - educational “govl: ~ government ~ Doni »ac ~~ Academic sil = “militosuy