i Pm Ass igrment a E certhajut © Resistant Buildings Names Packs — khan Design of kK heqyans Ro il No, : 190 |[D2020 Courses M-Tech Cshuctutal Engq) Year: awl (34 Sem) Scanned with CamScannerSe ‘Smoleay 3 Fs mokgy is Te Stucly Seismic wave (htety eat and dle Source of gereration ad ifs mMeaserment, Seismology 1S derived frean & Seismos” eG aes earkguake ancl ‘tgos” mean$ — Sr/ence.. fe S2/Sme ley Provides The rpet to Ondlerstand ing of intemal Shuelur @ f coll. Eou'll ake Phenomenon? << = Eaithg wake 1S the vibration, Shakins or Sudden movement ef Ha cathy Surface Wall, fi epusec g The Waves from The eartiS mass oh Sule rn Telease of ny from fo Earths ceak5 wa ily tesult jn aulting oy breaking on fracturing of focks having taudom afterthocks, Scanned with CamScanner |Faults alte the two portion of Seferated mess of the -eavl 40 amove Jelatively be each others This rmavement 18 Caused by eathyuake and its intensity is proportined te The Intensity of Me era ; Ie boundyy ef Pita also be called fault which Saporatos one plete fre~ anofey . Faults have tuo wnpertant Parameters, ey ate Dip anol Shite Slips Hikes Ae herigental direchion en Fe Suface of te faults. Faults which move ha izental ar Called Stike-slp faults ard Classified as etter right lateral 9 lft lateral! Te dig, which TS measure in verhical glare ok svight angles fo tle sivike of the fault, ISAbe angle of fault plane with Nrovidyortl | Roll Do. (701102020 Pager 2 Eau \WS 3 Faults ave fractutes ev Qos of frackuve ox ab’y contin wily uvithin the ree € amass , Scanned with CamScanner= Faulks ar categsrijucd info alp-sha fdults, Strike fouls and oblique Faults based on Ue live ebony of te she pye of Ts Fault plane Fx te diy-Slig fault’, Te Shppage happens along Tle chip of The Faults. Tn He Cate of Strike - Slip foul, He Shppage Occurs along Hh. Strike. While tte cape of obligue fault fh Shippage eCcurer digonaly across: Tc fault Plane . Buse gn Felative movement of The Suifla te (iavg ing wall and oot aul) of Tha. eat, faults ane divided ivdo tyes tyes: i) Rama) faulty Thies kind of fault, Hy belles block ( Faotwall) Aves cpunrd Aelah to the above block ( Honging wall). CD Thrust o¥ Reverse fautts In This case, the abwe block moves up and ovet The Slow block. iit) blige Faults: faults wrpich Shows bot Aip-SliP ond Shike-Slip motlrs ate culled oblique Fatclts. Scanned with CamScanner oll Ip, 19002090 ages 3Rell Wo. LI@ILD2026 Page i 4 Plate Toe tones Eos crush iy divided pn to plates lal ate Pregressrudy oavineg Poweids of “i fe " each ofes. An vorkyake occurs whan fu tectonic plales Suddenly cia post one antler the Sliowin5 Causes Fhalkits 07 vibration th The. form £ Suiface ard bedy Waves, Some Serentists Susgest thal te convectie utrenfs Flowing in the mardle ef fhe eatth may Cause Tl plates Lo move, 4) Tectonic. Earth yates s i Tectonic eurthquabe s tha mest Frequent cotthguates » Tse cathy alee s scewe When the lange Thin plates of the eonth'S Cust and upper mantle Decome Stuk as they onoue Pest ong anothey,] ek. Aogether ona Ptessunve wot oe ee they Linally ‘release , the arto ual occwres « ———EE Scanned with CamScannerPages 5 Ra[L No. ot D220 2) None tectonic Earthyuckes Such earhgrake sy occur due te erlermal Causes. The cortkgeates which occur due to Velcame eruption are algo know «s non-tec toni earthquakes Rey ame Frequent bat Lis in titentrly fy are also relatively mon-distuchie. The plete tectonics theory deals with He dynemict of earths ouley Shell whech fy celed He Atosplhere. Tas Tory provides the Oniferm context fev neler standin mein: balding Ploce sses, Hey and eat qpakes. According Plate te ctonizs, He cart he o rigt outer lye, Known af (the sphere. ‘ Tis Litlesphere layer 'S broken up inte Seven Ye lape Continenlel end Ocean Hed plates Te plotes Telatively move to each Cher ; ——— co ee Scanned with CamScanner| Rell ey Mouproza ye se _| and inteyact alons Whe vs beundvies, Volare ‘ley Converge , diverge of slip Pass one avoker, Shek Inleraclion are Theghl Io be Mon sAle achisfes, Me = Seven tectonic plate are as folleco: D Pacific plale ) Vat American plale ia) Con fee eepearien a plate W) Eurasian — Plate. UY) Afiican plate wu) Antarctic Plate Vit) Tndo-Austalix plate fev eayHs SelSsave anf Veleante Serconic Waves3 —— — Seisonie Waves wave The waves of ener Hat trovels rough Me Sutfa ce of earthy, these Wats ate Ptoduced by eaittguakes Volanic exuption , lage landslides avd aan. male explosions Mat grve oul (010 -flegtoncy Acoushe ene. Scanned with CamScannerRoll Mo: olb2020 ager | Seismic anus ase sfudieel ey eoplys icishs ‘ . COhoh are called Siesmolegis!S. Seismic ure Fields ove recorded ly a Seismomeler, hydrophone ot accelerometer, ln genesel, There ate two types of telat () Body movess Stch Seismic waves Pavel | threwgh dhe body of Be earl a) Surf ate Waves: These kinds of Seismic. waves ftYave/ along Ne EartiS Surface. Sutface Waves Sloastey frovel than The body eaves - 2s Faso ely ess Pose ate furo types of inttuments for amcaSuremapt of eathgcuke tintensi fy d) Seismeg yah 0 Sei'sonpmetery Mase ins Kumen - ate Used to detect ard Tecord ear “Tt Give measurement of the oscillator ory Seale produced by an ear ha nake 24S bess Sensitiveanel Le3§ actewate Scanned with CamScannerRel Mos 120 D2020 Pager S () A céelyrog raph es FFAS am in strecment that te cares the alCobkraheyy of Ground motias aevig the Cothquake Meg abe also called as ace ‘el rameter, Th5 Yecord of Seismic inbensid I accurate cam pate to Sesame graphs . od For measieting the inlensity of Pe ealgpade FitSt (se hawe fo praca abaud the Seigoni'e waves t) Boy (Waves ji) Surface waves c) Body waves: They ore to wnves thet swe! ‘ihtoug h the boely of te carts | we of lwo “est 0) Primary wmues ( Pe wWouesys Thy are compressional waves chat one lepsrtudinel _| m natuye. Th ote presute Waves lat travel faster thar olor waves trough th. Zatt to arsive al Sersmepoaphs {iy of Hence the name iS Qlven aS « Primary» je wows fyaue | thisugh Solids, Liquid avd goes |_— Scanned with CamScannerbs UW, [YollD202r0 lage 3 J b) Seconda VY Waves (S-auves)s Grange YY KRAUS Ane ia waves Phat ate | handverSe nw nadure. fallceing aon vorthgpeake vend, Slaves ane af Seibmbgsagh after Pe (aves, oe WMES Can onl: travel threygh Lolids. a“ Lwids (4s anal liquids) donot Syppert Shes SHeZes, re Pe waves, () Serface Wate) Surface waves travel elens, The. Surface of Me earth. travel more Slee ly Thar body craves ( PewdS usewes) Surface wtauel are Classified as follow. a) Rag leigh Waves (@- (aves )e2 Tey ate alo calle cl ground roll. Thy are Sleeves than the body usaves: In lagoyad mecliom (le. Crust and upper mantle ) ithe walocily of Rewsoues depend on their fre ; velo Percies ond ate Slower han ‘Scanned with CamScannerRell or onl ger 10 b) Love - waves (t- ewes ) love wa hoy 6 avi “aa cee eo ane herigontally Pa lavized Shoes Tey sally tsel slighty foshe ln Que amd have the largest armplitude - | Factors of Intensitey 1. Distence from the epicenter of enithyalce! 2. Soil strata B. Magnitude and ‘type ef Conshucten U- Dept of focus. 8. Origin md Lo cation Mogritade of Earthguatee aie magmitde &f eavtlyrake }5 related te ty omount of omeray veleaged Ne geo a G Sed by the Geolsgtcal Eonthayatee inbensity 15 Chew in Renner nwrerels amd bo always 0 Whole nwmnber. Scanned with CamScanner——| all Mos (901 02.026 fuge x {i Me theels fox measurement of anag nitude : 1. Richter (lagnitucde pte Tas tas He First epproach fer the Meesurement of The mag mtude fot earthguake. Proposed $y €.£F. Richter, In this methed, fe earthy ake magnitude 1S Acfineel as Legecrithim to tle base of (0 of te bngest Asplacement of Cgrdarel Seismrag raph Stfusted (60 km from dle foes. Me leg A to Golure A denotes the amplitude im micron (5%) Yecorded hy the mstrument located at the eplcential chistince ef (602m, 115 The omigmtude of He eatthgpaks. tf the olistunce of observalton ond the epicenter iS mae than loorm fhen the eqpation be tomes aS Col(gwS: = ~[. ie (go Ma Ms 13 leg ( 22) Ae Distance from epicenter Cem) | Mos magnitude of earthyuake measured from A olittance. Scanned with CamScannerRell Wor pen da0.0 Pager 2. 2 Moment Magnitude Seale 2 This metlod fo maasurement Of Pnag rn tucle IS omore popular presently. [hie amethed 16 based am Seismic marenl of earthguake Yepture. Te anemant magnifude 6 calculated od 2 Mye aS logo -9.1) Chere: Maw iS the arent magnitude. Mo tS the Seiemic moment in Nim. Seismic Benes of mrdia. The burean of tnd tan Standards has Classified Bria into fous Seismne Dones. Ley nee Zomws J, W, Mod T. Ameny thera one. Q)tc the most Sesmicoly active weplon and Jor Dis the [east active Jone. Zone We bow ttensity Eone Zone D= Medewte Foes Lone Zon IV= Govate prtensity Done Done Ve Very Sovete intensity Gore Scanned with CamScanner