Appendix Tables

TABLE A.1. Prefixes applicable to units in SI.

TABLE A.2. Factors for converting to SI units, listed by physical quantity.
TABLE A.3. Miscellaneous conversion factors.
TABLE A.4. Temperature conversions.
TABLE A.5. The Greek alphabet.
TABLE B.1. Properties of liquids at room temperature and pressure.
TABLE B.2. Properties of saturated liquids: unused engine oil.
TABLE B.3. Properties of saturated liquids: ethylene glycol
C 2 H 4 (OH 2 ).
TABLE B.4. Properties of saturated liquids: glycerin C 3H 5(OH) 3.
TABLE B.5. Properties of saturated liquids: water H 2O.
TABLE C.1. Physical properties of gases at room temperature and
pressure.
TABLE C.2. Properties of gases at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa = 14.7
psia). Air (gas constant = 286.8 J/(kg·K) = 53.3 ft·lbf/(lbm·°R); γ =
C p/C v = 1.4)
TABLE C.3. Properties of gases at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa =
14.7 psia). Carbon Dioxide (gas constant = 188.9 J/(kg·K) =
35.11 ft·lbf/(lbm·°R); γ = C p/Cv = 1.3)
TABLE C.4. Properties of gases at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa = 14.7
psia). Nitrogen (gas constant = 296.8 J/(kg·K) =
55.16 ft·lbf/(lbm·°R); γ = C p/Cv = 1.4)
TABLE C.5. Properties of gases at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa = 14.7
psia). Oxygen (gas constant = 260 J/(kg·K) =
48.3 ft·lbf/(lbm·°R); γ = C p/Cv = 1.4)
TABLE C.6. Properties of gases at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa =
14.7 psia). Water Vapor or Steam (gas constant = 461.5 J/(kg·K) =
85.78 ft·lbf/(lbm·°R); γ = C p/Cv = 1.333)
TABLE D.1. Pipe dimensions.
TABLE D.2. Dimensions of seamless copper tubing.

607

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 608 Table A.1 • Prefixes applicable to units in SI

TABLE A.1. Prefixes applicable to units in SI.

Factor by which
unit is multiplied Prefix Symbol

10 1 2 tera T
10 9 giga G
10 6 mega M
10 3 kilo k
10 2 hecto h
10 deka da
10 -1 deci d
10 -2 centi c
10 -3 milli m
10 -6 micro µ
10 -9 nano n
10 -12 pico p
10 -15 femto f
10 -18 atto a
Source: E. A. Mechtly, NASA SP 7012, 1973.

TABLE A.2. Factors for converting to SI units, listed by physical quantity.

To convert from To Multiply by

Acceleration (L/T2)
foot/second2 *meter/second2 3.048 x 10-1
inch/second2 *meter/second2 2.54 x 10-2

Area (L2)
foot2 *meter2 9.290 304 x 10-2
inch2 *meter2 6.4516 x 10-4
mile2 (U.S. statute) *meter2 2.589 988 110 336 x 106
yard2 *meter2 8.361 273 6 x 10-1

Convection Coefficient or Film Conductance [F·L/(T·L2·t)]

BTU/hour·ft2·°R W/(m2·K) 5.678 x 100

Density (M/L3)
gram/centimeter3 *kilogram/meter3 1.00 x 103
lbm/inch3 kilogram/meter3 2.767 990 5 x 104
lbm/foot3 kilogram/meter3 1.601 846 3 x 101
slug/inch3 kilogram/meter3 8.912 929 4 x 105
slug/foot3 kilogram/meter3 5.153 79 x 102

* Indicates an exact conversion. Otherwise, conversions are approximate representations of definitions or

are results of physical measurements. Source: E. A. Mechtly, NASA SP 7012, 1973.

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 Table A.2 • Factors for converting to SI units 609

TABLE A.2. Factors for converting to SI units, continued.

To convert from To Multiply by

Energy (F·L)
BTU joule 1.054 350 x 103
calorie *joule 4.184 x 100
foot–pound force joule 1.355 817 9 x 100
kilocalorie *joule 4.184 x 103
kilowatt hour *joule 3.60 x 106
watt hour *joule 3.60 x 103

Energy/(area·time) or Heat Flux [F·L/(L2·T)]

BTU/(ft2 second) watt/meter2 1.134 893 1 x 104
BTU/(foot2 minute) watt/meter2 1.891 488 5 x 102
2
BTU/(foot hour) watt/meter2 3.152 480 8 x 100
BTU/(inch2 second) watt/meter2 1.634 246 2 x 106
2
calorie/(cm minute) watt/meter2 6.973 333 3 x 102
watt/centimeter2 *watt/meter2 1.00 x 104

Force (F)
lbf *newton 4.448 221 615 260 5 x 100

Length (L)
foot *meter 3.048 x 10-1
inch *meter 2.54 x 10-2
mile (U.S. statute) *meter 1.609 344 x 103
mile (U.S. nautical) *meter 1.852 x 103
yard *meter 9.144 x 10-1

Mass (M)
gram *kilogram 1.00 x 10-3
lbm (pound mass) *kilogram 4.535 923 7 x 10-1
slug kilogram 1.459 390 29 x 101
Power or Heat Flow Rate (F·L/T)
BTU/second watt 1.054 350 264 488 x 103
BTU/hour watt 2.928 750 7 x 10-1
calorie/second *watt 4.184 x 100
calorie/minute watt 6.973 333 3 x 10-2
foot lbf/hour watt 3.766 161 0 x 10-4
foot lbf/minute watt 2.259 696 6 x 10-2
foot lbf/second watt 1.355 817 9 x 100
horsepower watt 7.456 998 7 x 102
kilocalorie/minute watt 6.973 333 3 x 101

* Indicates an exact conversion. Otherwise, conversions are approximate representations of definitions or

are results of physical measurements. Source: E. A. Mechtly, NASA SP 7012, 1973.

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 610 Table A.2 • Factors for converting to SI units.

TABLE A.2. Factors for converting to SI units, continued.

To convert from To Multiply by

Pressure (F/L 2 )
atmosphere *newton/meter2 1.013 25 x 105
bar *newton/meter2 1.00 x 105
centimeter Hg (0°C) *newton/meter2 1.333 22 x 103*
centimeter H2O (4°C) newton/meter2 9.806 38 x 101
dyne/centimeter2 *newton/meter2 1.00 x 101
foot of H2O (39.2°F) newton/meter2 2.988 98 x 103
inch of Hg (32°F) newton/meter2 3.386 389 x 103
inch of Hg (60°F) newton/meter2 3.376 85 x 103
inch of water (39.2°F) newton/meter2 2.490 82 x 102
inch of water (60°F) newton/meter2 2.488 4 x 102
lbf/foot2 newton/meter2 4.788 025 8 x 101
lbf/inch2 (psi) newton/meter2 6.894 757 2 x 103
pascal *newton/meter2 1.00 x 100
torr (0°C) newton/meter2 1.333 22 x 102
Specific Heat Capacity [F·L/(M·t)]
BTU/(lbm·°F) joule/(kilogram·K) 4.187 x 103

Speed or Velocity (L/T)

foot/hour meter/second 8.466 666 6 x10-5
foot/minute *meter/second 5.08 x10-3
foot/second *meter/second 3.048 x10-1
inch/second *meter/second 2.54 x10-1
kilometer/hour meter/second 2.777 777 8 x10-1
knot (international) meter/second 5.144 444 444 x10-1
mile/hour *meter/second 4.470 4 x10-1
mile/minute *meter/second 2.682 24 x101
mile/second *meter/second 1.609 344 x103
Temperature (t)
Celsius Kelvin tK = tC + 273.15
Fahrenheit Kelvin tK = (5/9)(tF + 459.67)
Fahrenheit Celsius tC = (5/9)(tF - 32)
Rankine Kelvin tK = (5/9)tR

Thermal Conductivity [F·L/(T·L·t)]

BTU/(hour·foot·°R) watt/(meter·K) 1.731 x 100

Thermal Diffusivity (L2 /T)

foot2/second meter2/second 9.29 x 10-2
foot2/hour meter2/second 2.581 x 10-5

* Indicates an exact conversion. Otherwise, conversions are approximate representations of definitions or

are results of physical measurements. Source: E. A. Mechtly, NASA SP 7012, 1973.

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 Table A.2 • Factors for converting to SI units 611

TABLE A.2. Factors for converting to SI units, continued.

To convert from To Multiply by

Thermal Resistance [T·t/(F·L)]

hour·°R/BTU K/watt 1.895 8 x 100

Time (T)
day *second 8.64 x 104
hour *second 3.60 x 103
minute *second 6.00 x 101
month *second 2.628 x 106
year *second 3.153 6 x 107

Viscosity–kinematic (L 2/T)
centistoke *meter2/second 1.00 x 10-6
stoke *meter2/second 1.00 x 10-4
foot2/second *meter2/second 9.290 304 x 10-2

Viscosity–absolute (F·T/L2)
centipoise *newton·second/meter2 1.00 x 10-3
lbm/(foot·second) newton·second/meter2 1.488 163 9 x 100
lbf·second/foot 2 newton·second/meter2 4.788 025 8 x 101
poise *newton·second/meter2 1.00 x 10-1

Volume (L3)
acre·foot meter3 1.233 481 9 x 10-3
barrel (42 gallons) meter3 1.589 873 x 10-1
cup *meter3 2.365 882 365 x 10-4
foot3 *meter3 2.831 684 659 2 x 10-2
gallon (U.S. dry) *meter3 4.404 883 770 86 x 10-3
gallon (U.S. liquid) *meter3 3.785 411 784 x 10-3
inch3 *meter3 1.638 706 4 x 10-5
liter *meter3 1.00 x 10-3
ounce (U.S. fluid) *meter3 2.957 352 956 25 x 10-5
pint (U.S. dry) *meter3 5.506 104 713 575 x 10-4
pint (U.S. liquid) *meter3 4.731 764 73 x 10-4
quart (U.S. dry) *meter3 1.101 220 942 715 x 10-3
quart (U.S. liquid) meter3 9.463 529 5 x 10-4
tablespoon *meter3 1.478 676 478 125 x 10-5
teaspoon *meter3 4.928 921 593 75 x 10-6
yard3 *meter3 7.645 548 579 84 x 10-1

* Indicates an exact conversion. Otherwise, conversions are approximate representations of definitions or

are results of physical measurements. Source: E. A. Mechtly, NASA SP 7012, 1973.

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 612 Table A.3 • Miscellaneous Conversion Factors.

TABLE A.3. Miscellaneous conversion factors.

To convert from To Multiply by

acres square feet 4.356 x 104

acres square miles 1.562 x 10-2
atmospheres cm of Hg 7.6 x 10
BTU horsepower-hours 3.931 x 10-4
BTU kilowatt-hours 2.928 x 10-4
BTU/hr watts 2.928 x 10-1
calories BTU 3.968 5 x 10-3
centimeters feet 3.281 x 10-2
centimeters inches 3.937 x 10-1
chain inches 7.92 x 102
gallons per minute cubic feet per second 2.228 x 10-3

TABLE A.4. Temperature conversions.

K °C °R °F

250 –23.15 450 –10

260 –13.15 468 8
270 –3.15 486 26
280 6.85 504 44
290 16.85 522 62
295 21.85 531 71
300 26.85 540 80
310 36.85 558 98
320 46.85 576 116
330 56.85 594 134
340 66.85 612 152
350 76.85 630 170
360 86.85 648 188
370 96.85 666 206
380 106.85 684 224
390 116.85 702 242
400 126.85 720 260
410 136.85 738 278
420 146.85 756 296

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 Table A.5 • The Greek alphabet. 613

TABLE A.5. The Greek alphabet.

Greek Greek Greek Greek

English Capital Lowercase English Capital Lowercase
Spelling Letters Letters Spelling Letters Letters

Alpha Α α Nu Ν ν
Beta Β β Xi Ξ ξ
Gamma Γ γ Omicron Ο ο
Delta ∆ δ Pi Π π
Epsilon Ε ε Rho Ρ ρ
Zeta Ζ ζ Sigma Σ σ
Eta Η η Tau Τ τ
Theta Θ θ Upsilon Υ υ
Iota Ι ι Phi ϑ ϕ
Kappa Κ κ Chi Χ χ
Lambda Λ λ Psi Ψ ψ
Mu Μ µ Omega Ω ω

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 614 Table B.1 • Properties of liquids.

TABLE B.1. Properties of liquids at room temperature and pressure.

Surface
Specific Absolute Viscosity Tension
Fluid Gravity (N·s/m2) x 103 (lbf·s/ft2) x 105 (N/m) x 103

Acetone 0.787 0.316 0.659 23.1

Benzene 0.876 0.601 1.26 28.18
Carbon disulfide 1.265 0.36 0.752 32.33
Carbon
tetrachloride 1.59 0.91 1.90 26.3
Castor oil 0.96 650 1356 –

Chloroform 1.47 0.53 1.11 27.14

Decane 0.728 0.859 1.79 23.43
Ether 0.715 0.223 0.466 16.42
Ethyl alcohol 0.787 1.095 2.29 22.33
Ethylene glycol 1.100 16.2 33.8 48.2

Glycerine 1.263 950 1983 63.0

Heptane 0.681 0.376 0.786 19.9
Hexane 0.657 0.297 0.622 18.0
Kerosene 0.823 1.64 3.42 –
Linseed oil 0.93 33.1 69.0 –

Mercury 13.6 1.53 3.20 484

Methyl alcohol 0.789 0.56 1.17 22.2
Octane 0.701 0.51 1.07 21.14
Propane 0.495 0.11 0.23 6.6
Propyl alcohol 0.802 1.92 4.01 23.5

Propylene 0.516 0.09 0.19 7.0

Propylene glycol 0.968 42 88 36.3
Turpentine 0.87 1.375 2.87 –
Water 1.00 0.89 1.9 71.97

Source: Reprinted with permission from CRC Handbook of Tables for Applied Engineering Science (2nd ed),
pages 90 and 92, Tables 1-44 and 1-46, 1973. Copyright CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL.

Notes on reading the table:

Density ρ = (Sp.Gr. x 1.94) slug/ft3 = (Sp.Gr. x 1 000) kg/m3 = (Sp.Gr. x 62.4) lbm/ft3
Viscosity of acetone: µ x 103 = 0.316 N·s/m2 ; µ = 0.316 x 10-3 N·s/m2

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 TABLE B.2. Properties of saturated liquids: unused engine oil.

Specific Thermal
Heat C p Kinematic Conductivity k Thermal
Temp Specific J BTU Viscosity ν W BTU Diffusivity α Prandtl
°C °F Gravity kg·K lbm·°R m2/s x 104 ft2/s x 103 m·K hr·ft·°R m2/s x 108 ft2/hr x 103 Number Pr

0 32 0.899 1 796 0.429 42.8 46.1 0.147 0.085 9.11 3.53 47 100
20 68 0.888 1 880 0.449 9.0 9.7 0.145 0.084 8.72 3.38 10 400
40 104 0.876 1 964 0.469 2.4 2.6 0.144 0.083 8.34 3.23 2 870
60 140 0.864 2 047 0.489 0.839 0.903 0.140 0.081 8.00 3.10 1 050
80 176 0.852 2 131 0.509 0.375 0.404 0.138 0.080 7.69 2.98 490
Table B.2 • Properties of unused engine oil.

100 212 0.840 2 219 0.530 0.203 0.219 0.137 0.079 7.38 2.86 276
120 248 0.828 2 307 0.551 0.124 0.133 0.135 0.078 7.10 2.75 175
140 284 0.816 2 395 0.572 0.080 0.086 0.133 0.077 6.86 2.66 116
160 320 0.805 2 483 0.593 0.056 0.060 0.132 0.076 6.63 2.57 84

β = 0.70 x 10-3/K = 0.39 x 10-3/°R Example of reading values: kinematic viscosity at 0°C is ν = 42.8 x 10-4 m2/s

Source: ANALYSIS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, by Eckert. Copyright 1986 by Taylor & Francis Group LLC-Books. Reproduced
with permission of Taylor & Francis Group LLC-Books in the format Textbook via Copyright Clearance Center.
615

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 616

TABLE B.3. Properties of saturated liquids: ethylene glycol C 2H 4(OH 2).

Specific Thermal
Heat Cp Kinematic Conductivity k Thermal
Temp Specific J BTU Viscosity ν W BTU Diffusivity α Prandtl
°C °F Gravity kg·K lbm·°R m2/s x 106 ft2/s x 105 m·K hr·ft·°R m2/s x 108 ft2/hr x 103 Number Pr

0 32 1.130 2 294 0.548 57.53 61.92 0.242 0.140 9.34 3.62 615
20 68 1.116 2 382 0.569 19.18 20.64 0.249 0.144 9.39 3.64 204
40 104 1.101 2 474 0.591 8.69 9.35 0.256 0.148 9.39 3.64 93
60 140 1.087 2 562 0.612 4.75 5.11 0.260 0.150 9.32 3.61 51
80 176 1.077 2 650 0.633 2.98 3.21 0.261 0.151 9.21 3.57 32.4
100 212 1.058 2 742 0.655 2.03 2.18 0.263 0.152 9.08 3.52 22.4

β = 0.65 x 10-3/K = 0.36 x 10-3/°R Example of reading values: kinematic viscosity at 0°C is ν = 57.53 x 10-6 m2/s

Source: ANALYSIS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, by Eckert. Copyright 1986 by Taylor & Francis Group LLC-Books. Reproduced
with permission of Taylor & Francis Group LLC-Books in the format Textbook via Copyright Clearance Center.
Table B.3 • Properties of ethylene glycol.

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 TABLE B.4. Properties of saturated liquids: glycerin C 3H 5(OH) 3.

Specific Thermal
Heat Cp Kinematic Conductivity k Thermal
Temp Specific J BTU Viscosity ν W BTU Diffusivity α Prandtl
°C °F Gravity kg·K lbm·°R m2/s x 103 ft2/s x 102 m·K hr·ft·°R m2/s x 108 ft2/hr x 103 Number Pr

0 32 1.276 2 261 0.540 8.31 8.95 0.282 0.163 9.83 3.81 84 700
10 50 1.270 2 319 0.554 3.00 3.23 0.284 0.164 9.65 3.47 31 000
20 68 1.264 2 386 0.570 1.18 1.27 0.286 0.156 9.47 3.67 12 500
30 86 1.258 2 445 0.584 0.50 0.54 0.286 0.165 9.29 3.60 5 380
Table B.4 • Properties of glycerin.

40 104 1.252 2 512 0.600 0.22 0.24 0.286 0.165 9.14 3.54 2 450
50 122 1.244 2 583 0.617 0.15 0.16 0.287 0.166 8.93 3.46 1 630

β = 0.50 x 10-3/K = 0.28 x 10-3/°R Example of reading values: kinematic viscosity at 0°C is ν = 8.31 x 10-3 m2/s

Source: ANALYSIS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, by Eckert. Copyright 1986 by Taylor & Francis Group LLC-Books. Reproduced
with permission of Taylor & Francis Group LLC-Books in the format Textbook via Copyright Clearance Center.
617

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 TABLE B.5. Properties of saturated liquids: water H 2O.
618

Specific Thermal
Heat Cp Kinematic Conductivity k Thermal
Temp Specific J BTU Viscosity ν W BTU Diffusivity α Prandtl
°C °F Gravity kg·K lbm·°R m2/s x 107 ft2/s x 106 m·K hr·ft·°R m2/s x 107 ft2/hr x 103 Number Pr

0 32 1.002 4 217 1.0074 17.88 19.25 0.552 0.319 1.308 5.07 13.6
20 68 1.000 4 181 0.9988 10.06 10.83 0.597 0.345 1.430 5.54 7.02
40 104 0.994 4 178 0.9980 6.58 7.08 0.628 0.363 1.512 5.86 4.34
60 140 0.985 4 184 0.9994 4.78 5.14 0.651 0.376 1.554 6.02 3.02
80 176 0.974 4 196 1.0023 3.64 3.92 0.668 0.386 1.636 6.34 2.22
100 212 0.960 4 216 1.0070 2.94 3.16 0.680 0.393 1.680 6.51 1.74
120 248 0.945 4 250 1.015 2.47 2.66 0.685 0.396 1.708 6.62 1.446
140 284 0.928 4 283 1.023 2.14 2.30 0.684 0.395 1.724 6.68 1.241
160 320 0.909 4 342 1.037 1.90 2.04 0.670 0.393 1.729 6.70 1.099
180 356 0.889 4 417 1.055 1.73 1.86 0.675 0.390 1.724 6.68 1.004
200 392 0.866 4 505 1.076 1.60 1.72 0.665 0.384 1.706 6.61 0.937
220 428 0.842 4 610 1.101 1.50 1.61 0.572 0.377 1.680 6.51 0.891
240 464 0.815 4 756 1.136 1.43 1.54 0.635 0.367 1.639 6.35 0.871
260 500 0.785 4 949 1.182 1.37 1.48 0.611 0.353 1.577 6.11 0.874
280 537 0.752 5 208 1.244 1.35 1.45 0.580 0.335 1.481 5.74 0.910
300 572 0.714 5 728 1 368 1.35 1.45 0.540 0.312 1.324 5.13 1.109

β = 0.18 x 10-3/K = 0.10 x 10-3/°R Example of reading values: kinematic viscosity at 0°C is ν = 17.88 x 10-7 m2/s

Source: ANALYSIS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, by Eckert. Copyright 1986 by Taylor & Francis Group LLC-Books. Reproduced
Table B.5 • Properties of water.

with permission of Taylor & Francis Group LLC-Books in the format Textbook via Copyright Clearance Center.

Copyright 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 TABLE C.1. Physical properties of gases at room temperature and pressure.

Specific Heat C p Kinematic Gas Constant R

Density ρ J BTU Viscosity ν J ft·lbf
Gas kg/m3 lbm/ft3 kg·K lbm·°R m2/s x 106 ft2/s x 105 kg·K lbm·°R γ = C p /C v

Air 1.177 0.0735 1 005.7 0.240 15.68 16.88 0.026 24 0.01516 1.4
Carbon
dioxide 1.797 0.1122 871 0.208 8.321 8.957 0.016 572 0.009575 1.3
Nitrogen 1.142 0.0713 1 040.8 0.2486 15.63 16.82 0.026 20 0.01514 1.4
Oxygen 1.300 0.0812 920.3 0.2198 15.86 17.07 0.026 76 0.01546 1.4
Table C.1 • Physical Properties of gases.

Example of reading values: kinematic viscosity of air is ν = 15.68 x 10-6 m2/s

MW = molecular weight (engineering units) = molecular mass (SI units)

Gas constant R = Ru/MW ; Ru = 1545 ft·lbf/lbmol·°R = 49,700 ft·lbf/slugmol·°R = 8 312 N·m/(mol·K)

1 BTU = 778 ft·lbf

Source: Data taken from a number of sources; see Bibliography at the end of the text.
619

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 TABLE C.2. Properties of gases at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa = 14.7 psia).
620

Air (gas constant = 286.8 J/(kg·K) = 53.3 ft·lbf/(lbm·°R); γ = Cp/Cv = 1.4)

Specific Thermal
Heat C p Kinematic Conductivity k Thermal
Temp Density ρ J BTU Viscosity ν W BTU Diffusivity α Prandtl
K °R kg/m3 lbm/ft3 kg·K lbm·°R m2/s x 106 ft2/s x 105 m·K hr·ft·°R m2/s x 104 ft2/hr Number Pr
100 180 3.601 0.225 1 026.6 0.245 1.923 2.070 0.009 246 0.005342 0.025 01 0.0969 0.770
150 270 3.268 0.148 1 009.9 0.241 4.343 4.674 0.013 735 0.007936 0.057 45 0.223 0.753
200 360 1.768 0.110 1 006.1 0.240 7.490 8.062 0.018 09 0.01045 0.101 65 0.394 0.739
250 450 1.413 0.0882 1 005.3 0.240 9.49 10.2 0.022 27 0.01287 0.131 61 0.510 0.722
300 540 1.177 0.0735 1 005.7 0.240 15.68 16.88 0.026 24 0.01516 0.221 60 0.859 0.708
350 630 0.998 0.0623 1 009.0 0.241 20.76 22.35 0.030 03 0.01735 0.298 3 1.156 0.697
400 720 0.883 0.0551 1 104.0 0.242 25.90 27.88 0.033 65 0.01944 0.376 0 1.457 0.689
450 810 0.783 0.0489 1 020.7 0.244 28.86 31.06 0.037 07 0.02142 0.422 2 1.636 0.683
500 900 0.705 0.0440 1 029.5 0.245 37.90 40.80 0.040 38 0.02333 0.556 4 2.156 0.680
550 990 0.642 0.0401 1 039.2 0.248 44.34 47.73 0.043 60 0.02519 0.653 2 2.531 0.680
600 1080 0.589 0.0367 1 055.1 0.252 51.34 55.26 0.046 59 0.02692 0.751 2 2.911 0.680
650 1170 0.543 0.0339 1 063.5 0.254 58.51 62.98 0.049 53 0.02862 0.857 8 3.324 0.682
700 1260 0.503 0.0314 1 075.2 0.257 66.25 71.31 0.052 30 0.03022 0.967 2 3.748 0.684
750 1350 0.471 0.0294 1 085.6 0.259 73.91 79.56 0.055 09 0.03183 1.077 4 4.175 0.686
800 1440 0.441 0.0275 1 097.8 0.262 82.29 88.58 0.057 79 0.03339 1.195 1 4.631 0.689
850 1530 0.415 0.0259 1 109.5 0.265 90.75 97.68 0.060 28 0.03483 1.309 7 5.075 0.692
900 1620 0.393 0.0245 1 121.2 0.268 99.3 107.0 0.062 79 0.03628 1.427 1 5.530 0.696
950 1710 0.372 0.0232 1 132.1 0.270 108.2 116.5 0.065 25 0.03770 1.551 0 6.010 0.699
1 000 1800 0.352 0.0220 1 141.7 0.273 117.8 126.8 0.067 52 0.03901 1.677 9 6.502 0.702
1 100 1980 0.320 0.0120 1 160 0.277 138.6 149.2 0.073 2 0.0423 1.969 7.630 0.704

Example of reading values: kinematic viscosity at 100 K is ν = 1.923 x 10-6 m2/s

Table C.2 • Properties of air.

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 TABLE C.2. Properties of gases at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa = 14.7 psia), continued.

Air (gas constant = 286.8 J/(kg·K) = 53.3 ft·lbf/(lbm·°R); γ = Cp/Cv = 1.4)

Specific Thermal
Heat C p Kinematic Conductivity k Thermal
Temp Density ρ J BTU Viscosity ν W BTU Diffusivity α Prandtl
K °R kg/m3 lbm/ft3 kg·K lbm·°R m2/s x 106 ft2/s x 105 m·K hr·ft·°R m2/s x 104 ft2/hr Number Pr
1 200 2160 0.295 0.0184 1 179 0.282 159.1 171.3 0.078 2 0.0452 2.251 8.723 0.707
1 300 2340 0.271 0.0169 1 197 0.286 182.1 196.0 0.083 7 0.0484 2.583 10.01 0.705
1 400 2520 0.252 0.0157 1 214 0.290 205.5 221.2 0.089 1 0.0515 2.920 11.32 0.705
1 500 2700 0.236 0.0147 1 230 0.294 229.1 246.6 0.094 6 0.0547 3.262 12.64 0.705
Table C.2 • Properties of air.

1 600 2880 0.221 0.0138 1 248 0.298 254.5 273.9 0.100 0.0578 3.609 13.98 0.705
1 700 3060 0.208 0.0130 1 267 0.303 280.5 301.9 0.105 0.0607 3.977 15.41 0.705
1 800 3240 0.197 0.0123 1 287 0.307 308.1 331.6 0.111 0.0641 4.379 16.97 0.704
1 900 3420 0.186 0.0115 1 309 0.313 338.5 364.4 0.117 0.0676 4.811 18.64 0.704
2 000 3600 0.176 0.0110 1 338 0.320 369.0 397.2 0.124 0.0716 5.260 20.38 0.702
2 100 3780 0.168 0.0105 1 372 0.328 399.6 430.1 0.131 0.757 5.715 22.15 0.700
2 200 3960 0.160 0.0100 1 419 0.339 432.6 465.6 0.139 0.0803 6.120 23.72 0.707
2 300 4140 0.154 0.00955 1 482 0.354 464.0 499.4 0.149 0.0861 6.540 25.34 0.710
2 400 4320 0.146 0.00905 1 574 0.376 504.0 542.5 0.161 0.0930 7.020 27.20 0.718
2 500 4500 0.139 0.00868 1 688 0.403 543.5 585.0 0.175 0.101 7.441 28.83 0.730

Example of reading values: kinematic viscosity at 100 K is ν = 159.1 x 10-6 m2/s

Source: ANALYSIS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, by Eckert. Copyright 1986 by Taylor & Francis Group LLC-Books. Reproduced
with permission of Taylor & Francis Group LLC-Books in the format Textbook via Copyright Clearance Center.
621

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 622

TABLE C.3. Properties of gases at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa = 14.7 psia).

Carbon Dioxide (gas constant = 188.9 J/(kg·K) = 35.11 ft·lbf/(lbm·°R); γ = Cp/Cv = 1.3)

Specific Thermal
Heat C p Kinematic Conductivity k Thermal
Temp Density ρ J BTU Viscosity ν W BTU Diffusivity α Prandtl
K °R kg/m3 lbm/ft3 kg·K lbm·°R m2/s x 106 ft2/s x 105 m·K hr·ft·°R m2/s x 104 ft2/hr Number Pr

220 396 2.473 0.1544 783 0.187 4.490 4.833 0.010 805 0.006243 0.059 20 0.2294 0.818
250 450 2.165 0.1352 804 0.192 5.813 6.257 0.012 884 0.007444 0.074 01 0.2868 0.793
300 540 1.797 0.1122 871 0.208 8.321 8.957 0.016 572 0.009575 0.105 88 0.4103 0.770
350 630 1.536 0.0959 900 0.215 11.19 12.05 0.020 47 0.01183 0.148 08 0.5738 0.755
400 720 1.342 0.0838 942 0.225 14.39 15.49 0.024 61 0.01422 0.194 63 0.7542 0.738
450 810 1.191 0.0744 980 0.234 17.90 19.27 0.028 97 0.01674 0.248 13 0.9615 0.721
500 900 1.073 0.067 1 013 0.242 21.67 23.33 0.033 52 0.01937 0.308 4 1.195 0.702
550 990 0.973 0.0608 1 047 0.250 25.74 27.72 0.038 21 0.02208 0.375 0 1.453 0.685
600 1080 0.893 0.0558 1 076 0.257 30.02 32.31 0.043 11 0.02491 0.448 3 1.737 0.668

Example of reading values: kinematic viscosity at 100 K is ν = 4.490 x 10-6 m2/s

Source: ANALYSIS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, by Eckert. Copyright 1986 by Taylor & Francis Group LLC-Books. Reproduced
with permission of Taylor & Francis Group LLC-Books in the format Textbook via Copyright Clearance Center.
Table C.3 • Properties of carbon dioxide.

Copyright 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 TABLE C.4. Properties of gases at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa = 14.7 psia).

Nitrogen (gas constant = 296.8 J/(kg·K) = 55.16 ft·lbf/(lbm·°R); γ = Cp/Cv = 1.4)

Specific Thermal
Heat C p Kinematic Conductivity k Thermal
Temp Density ρ J BTU Viscosity ν W BTU Diffusivity α Prandtl
K °R kg/m3 lbm/ft3 kg·K lbm·°R m2/s x 106 ft2/s x 105 m·K hr·ft·°R m2/s x 104 ft2/hr Number Pr

100 180 3.480 0.2173 1 072.2 0.2571 1.971 2.122 0.009 450 0.005460 0.025 319 0.09811 0.786
200 360 1.710 0.1068 1 042.9 0.2491 7.568 8.146 0.018 24 0.01054 0.102 24 0.3962 0.747
300 540 1.142 0.0713 1 040.8 0.2486 15.63 16.82 0.026 20 0.01514 0.220 44 0.8542 0.713
Table C.4 • Properties of nitrogen.

400 720 0.853 0.0533 1 045.9 0.2498 25.74 27.71 0.033 35 0.01927 0.373 4 1.447 0.691
500 900 0.682 0.0426 1 055.5 0.2521 37.66 40.54 0.039 84 0.02302 0.553 0 2.143 0.684
600 1080 0.568 0.0355 1 075.6 0.2569 51.19 55.10 0.045 80 0.02646 0.748 6 2.901 0.686
700 1260 0.493 0.0308 1 096.9 0.2620 65.13 70.10 0.051 23 0.02960 0.946 6 3.668 0.691
800 1440 0.427 0.0267 1 122.5 0.2681 81.46 87.68 0.056 09 0.03241 1.168 5 4.528 0.700
900 1620 0.379 0.0237 1 146.4 0.2738 91.06 98.02 0.060 70 0.03507 1.394 6 5.404 0.711
1 000 1800 0.341 0.0213 1 167.7 0.2789 117.2 126.2 0.064 75 0.03741 1.625 0 6.297 0.724
1 100 1980 0.310 0.0194 1 185.7 0.2382 136.0 146.4 0.068 50 0.03958 1.859 1 7.204 0.736
1 200 2160 0.285 0.0178 1 203.7 0.2875 156.1 168.0 0.071 84 0.04151 2.093 2 8.111 0.748

Example of reading values: kinematic viscosity at 100 K is ν = 1.971 x 10-6 m2/s

Source: Data taken from Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer, by E. R. G. Eckert and R. M. Drake, Jr., Taylor & Francis Group—Hemisphere
Publishing Corp., New York, © 1987. Used with permission of the publisher.
623

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 624

TABLE C.5. Properties of gases at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa = 14.7 psia).

Oxygen (gas constant = 260 J/(kg·K) = 48.3 ft·lbf/(lbm·°R); γ = Cp/Cv = 1.4)

Specific Thermal
Heat C p Kinematic Conductivity k Thermal
Temp Density ρ J BTU Viscosity ν W BTU Diffusivity α Prandtl
K °R kg/m3 lbm/ft3 kg·K lbm·°R m2/s x 106 ft2/s x 105 m·K hr·ft·°R m2/s x 104 ft2/hr Number Pr

100 180 3.992 0.2492 947.9 0.2264 1.946 2.095 0.009 03 0.00522 0.023 876 0.09252 0.815
150 270 2.619 0.1635 917.8 0.2192 4.387 4.722 0.013 67 0.00790 0.056 88 0.2204 0.773
200 360 1.955 0.1221 913.1 0.2181 7.593 8.173 0.018 24 0.01054 0.102.14 0.3958 0.745
250 450 1.561 0.0975 915.7 0.2187 11.45 12.32 0.022 59 0.01305 0.157 94 0.6120 0.725
300 540 1.300 0.0812 920.3 0.2198 15.86 17.07 0.026 76 0.01546 0.223 53 0.8662 0.709
350 630 1.113 0.0695 929.1 0.2219 20.80 22.39 0.030 70 0.01774 0.296 8 1.150 0.702
400 720 0.975 0.0609 942.0 0.2250 26.18 28.18 0.034 61 0.02000 0.376 8 1.460 0.695
450 810 0.868 0.0542 956.7 0.2285 31.99 34.43 0.038 28 0.02212 0.460 9 1.786 0.694
500 900 0.780 0.0487 972.2 0.2322 38.34 41.27 0.041 73 0.02411 0.550 2 2.132 0.697
550 990 0.709 0.0443 988.1 0.2360 45.05 48.49 0.045 17 0.02610 0.644 1 2.496 0.700
600 1080 0.650 0.0406 1 004.4 0.2399 52.15 56.13 0.048 82 0.02792 0.739 9 2.867 0.704

Example of reading values: kinematic viscosity at 100 K is ν = 1.946 x 10-6 m2/s

Source: ANALYSIS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, by Eckert. Copyright 1986 by Taylor & Francis Group LLC-Books. Reproduced
with permission of Taylor & Francis Group LLC-Books in the format Textbook via Copyright Clearance Center.
Table C.5 • Properties of oxygen.

Copyright 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 TABLE C.6. Properties of gases at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa = 14.7 psia).

Water Vapor or Steam (gas constant = 461.5 J/(kg·K) = 85.78 ft·lbf/(lbm·°R); γ = Cp/Cv = 1.333)

Specific Thermal
Heat C p Kinematic Conductivity k Thermal
Temp Density ρ J BTU Viscosity ν W BTU Diffusivity α Prandtl
K °R kg/m3 lbm/ft3 kg·K lbm·°R m2/s x 105 ft2/s x 104 m·K hr·ft·°R m2/s x 104 ft2/hr Number Pr

380 684 0.586 0.0366 2 060 0.492 2.16 2.33 0.024 6 0.0142 0.293 6 0.789 1.060
400 720 0.554 0.0346 2 014 0.481 2.42 2.61 0.026 1 0.0151 0.233 8 0.906 1.040
450 810 0.490 0.0306 1 980 0.473 3.11 3.35 0.029 9 0.0173 0.307 1.19 1.010
500 900 0.440 0.0275 1 985 0.474 3.86 4.16 0.033 9 0.0196 0.386 1.50 0.996
550 990 0.400 0.0250 1 997 0.477 4.70 5.06 0.037 9 0.0219 0.475 1.84 0.991
600 1080 0.0365 0.0228 2 026 0.484 5.66 6.09 0.042 2 0.0244 0.573 2.22 0.986
650 1170 0.338 0.0211 2 056 0.491 6.64 7.15 0.046 4 0.0268 0.666 2.58 0.995
700 1260 0.314 0.0196 2 085 0.498 7.72 8.31 0.050 5 0.0292 0.772 2.99 1.000
Table C.6 • Properties of water vapor or steam.

750 1350 0.293 0.0183 2 119 0.506 8.88 9.56 0.054 9 0.0317 0.883 3.42 1.005
800 1440 0.274 0.0171 2 152 0.514 10.20 10.98 0.059 2 0.0342 1.001 3.88 1.010
850 1530 0.258 0.0161 2 186 0.522 11.52 12.40 0.063 7 0.0368 1.130 4.38 1.019

Example of reading values: kinematic viscosity at 380 K is ν = 2.16 x 10-5 m2/s

Source: Data taken from a number of references.

625

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 626 Table D.1 • Pipe Dimensions.

TABLE D.1. Pipe dimensions.

Nominal Outside Diameter Inside Diameter Flow Area

Diameter in. (ft) c m Schedule ft cm ft2 c m2

1/8 0.405 1.029 4 0 (std) 0.02242 0.683 0.0003947 0.366 4

(0.03375) 8 0 (xs) 0.01792 0.547 0.0002522 0.235 0

1/4 0.540 1.372 4 0 (std) 0.03033 0.924 0.0007227 0.670 6

(0.045) 8 0 (xs) 0.02517 0.768 0.0004974 0.463 2

3/8 0.675 1.714 4 0 (std) 0.04108 1.252 0.001326 1.233

(0.05625) 8 0 (xs) 0.03525 1.074 0.0009759 0.905 9

1/2 0.840 2.134 4 0 (std) 0.05183 1.580 0.002110 1.961

(0.070) 8 0 (xs) 0.04550 1.386 0.001626 1.508
160 0.03867 1.178 0.001174 1.090
(xxs) 0.02100 0.640 0.0003464 0.321 7

3/4 1.050 2.667 4 0 (std) 0.06867 2.093 0.003703 3.441

(0.0875) 8 0 (xs) 0.06183 1.883 0.003003 2.785
160 0.05100 1.555 0.002043 1.898
(xxs) 0.03617 1.103 0.001027 0.955 5

1 1.315 3.340 4 0 (std) 0.08742 2.664 0.006002 5.574

(0.1095) 8 0 (xs) 0.07975 2.430 0.004995 5.083
160 0.06792 2.070 0.003623 3.365
(xxs) 0.04992 1.522 0.001957 1.815

1 1/4 1.660 4.216 4 0 (std) 0.1150 3.504 0.01039 9.643

(0.1383) 8 0 (xs) 0.1065 3.246 0.008908 8.275
160 0.09667 2.946 0.007339 6.816
(xxs) 0.07467 2.276 0.004379 4.069

1 1/2 1.900 4.826 4 0 (std) 0.1342 4.090 0.01414 13.13

(0.1583) 8 0 (xs) 0.1250 3.810 0.01227 11.40
160 0.1115 3.398 0.009764 9.068
(xxs) 0.09167 2.794 0.007700 6.131

Notes: std implies standard; xs is extra strong; xxs is double extra strong.

Copyright 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Table D.1 • Pipe Dimensions. 627

TABLE D.1. continued. Pipe dimensions.

Nominal Outside Diameter Inside Diameter Flow Area

Diameter in. (ft) c m Schedule ft cm ft2 c m2

2 2.375 6.034 4 0 (std) 0.1723 5.252 0.02330 21.66

(0.1979) 8 0 (xs) 0.1616 4.926 0.02051 19.06
160 0.1406 4.286 0.01552 14.43
(xxs) 0.1253 3.820 0.01232 11.46

2 1/2 2.875 7.303 4 0 (std) 0.2058 6.271 0.03325 30.89

(0.2396) 8 0 (xs) 0.1936 5.901 0.02943 27.35
160 0.1771 5.397 0.02463 22.88
(xxs) 0.1476 4.499 0.01711 15.90

3 3.500 8.890 4 0 (std) 0.2557 7.792 0.05134 47.69

(0.2917) 8 0 (xs) 0.2417 7.366 0.04587 42.61
160 0.2187 6.664 0.03755 34.88
(xxs) 0.1917 5.842 0.02885 26.80

3 1/2 4.000 10.16 4 0 (std) 0.2957 9.012 0.06866 63.79

(0.3333) 8 0 (xs) 0.2803 8.544 0.06172 57.33

4 4.500 11.43 4 0 (std) 0.3355 10.23 0.08841 82.19

(0.375) 8 0 (xs) 0.3198 9.718 0.07984 74.17
120 0.3020 9.204 0.07163 66.54
160 0.2865 8.732 0.06447 59.88
(xxs) 0.2626 8.006 0.05419 50.34

5 5.563 14.13 4 0 (std) 0.4206 12.82 0.1389 129.10

(0.4636) 8 0 (xs) 0.4011 12.22 0.1263 117.30
120 0.3803 11.59 0.1136 105.50
160 0.3594 10.95 0.1015 94.17
(xxs) 0.3386 10.32 0.09004 83.65

6 6.625 16.83 4 0 (std) 0.5054 15.41 0.2006 186.50

(0.5521) 8 0 (xs) 0.4801 14.64 0.1810 168.30
120 0.4584 13.98 0.1650 153.50
160 0.4823 13.18 0.1467 136.40
(xxs) 0.4081 12.44 0.1308 121.50

Notes: std implies standard; xs is extra strong; xxs is double extra strong.

Copyright 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 628 Table D.1 • Pipe Dimensions.

TABLE D.1. continued. Pipe dimensions.

Nominal Outside Diameter Inside Diameter Flow Area

Diameter in. (ft) cm Schedule ft cm ft2 c m2

8 8.625 21.91 20 0.6771 20.64 0.3601 334.60

(0.7188) 30 0.6726 20.50 0.3553 330.10
4 0 (std) 0.6651 20.27 0.3474 322.70
60 0.6511 19.85 0.3329 309.50
8 0 (xs) 0.6354 19.37 0.3171 294.70
100 0.6198 18.89 0.3017 280.30
120 0.5989 18.26 0.2817 261.90
140 0.5834 17.79 0.2673 248.60
(xxs) 0.5729 17.46 0.2578 239.40
160 0.5678 17.31 0.2532 235.30

10 10.750 27.31 20 0.8542 26.04 0.5730 332.60

(0.8958) 30 0.8446 25.75 0.5604 520.80
4 0 (std) 0.8350 25.46 0.5476 509.10
6 0 (xs) 0.8125 24.77 0.5185 481.90
80 0.7968 24.29 0.4987 463.40
100 0.7760 23.66 0.4730 439.70
120 0.7552 23.02 0.4470 416.20
140 (xxs) 0.7292 22.23 0.4176 388.10
160 0.7083 21.59 0.3941 366.10

12 12.750 32.39 20 1.021 31.12 0.8185 760.60

(1.058) 30 1.008 30.71 0.7972 740.71
(std) 1.000 30.48 0.7854 729.70
40 0.9948 30.33 0.773 722.50
(xs) 0.9792 29.85 0.7530 699.80
60 0.9688 29.53 0.7372 684.90
80 0.9478 28.89 0.7056 655.50
100 0.9218 28.10 0.6674 620.20
120 (xxs) 0.8958 27.31 0.6303 585.80
140 0.8750 26.67 0.6013 558.60
160 0.8438 25.72 0.5592 519.60
14 14.000 35.57 3 0 (std) 1.104 33.65 0.9575 889.30
(1.1667) 160 0.9323 28.42 0.6827 634.40

Notes: std implies standard; xs is extra strong; xxs is double extra strong.

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Table D.1 • Pipe Dimensions. 629

TABLE D.1. continued. Pipe dimensions.

Nominal Outside Diameter Inside Diameter Flow Area

Diameter in. (ft) cm Schedule ft cm ft2 c m2

16 16.000 40.64 3 0 (std) 1.271 38.73 1.268 1 178.00

(1.333) 160 1.068 32.54 0.8953 831.60

18 18.000 45.72 (std) 1.438 43.81 1.623 1 507.00

(1.500) 160 1.203 36.67 1.137 1 056.00

20 20.000 50.80 2 0 (std) 1.604 48.89 2.021 1 877.00

(1.6667) 160 1.339 40.80 1.407 1 307.00

22 22.000 55.88 2 0 (std) 1.771 53.97 2.463 2 288.00

(1.8333) 160 1.479 45.08 1.718 1 596.00

24 24.000 60.96 2 0 (std) 1.938 59.05 2.948 2 739.00

(2.00) 160 1.609 49.05 2.034 1 890.00

26 26.000 (2.167) 66.04 (std) 2.104 64.13 3.477 3 230.00

28 28.000 (2.333) 71.12 (std) 2.271 69.21 4.050 3 762.00
30 30.000 (2.500) 76.20 (std) 2.438 74.29 4.666 4 335.00
32 32.000 (2.667) 81.28 (std) 2.604 79.34 5.326 4 944.00
34 34.000 (2.833) 86.36 (std) 2.771 84.45 6.030 5 601.00
36 36.000 (3.000) 91.44 (std) 2.938 89.53 6.777 6 295.00
38 38.000 (3.167) 96.52 — 3.104 94.61 7.568 7 030.00
40 40.000 (3.333) 101.6 — 3.271 99.69 8.403 7 805.00

Notes: std implies standard; xs is extra strong; xxs is double extra strong.

Source: Dimensions in English units obtained from

ANSI B36.10–79, American National
Standard Wrought Steel and Wrought Iron Pipe. Reprinted by permission of the publisher,
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

Copyright 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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 630 Table D.2 • Dimensions of seamless copper tubing.

TABLE D.2. Dimensions of seamless copper tubing.

Standard Outside Diameter Inside Diameter Flow Area

Size in. (ft) cm Type ft cm ft2 c m2

1/4 0.375 0.953 K 0.02542 0.775 0.0005074 0.471 7

(0.03125) L 0.02625 0.801 0.0005412 0.503 9

3/8 0.500 1.270 K 0.03350 1.022 0.0008814 0.820 3

(0.04167) L 0.03583 1.092 0.001008 0.936 6
M 0.03750 1.142 0.001104 1.024

1/2 0.625 1.588 K 0.04392 1.340 0.001515 1.410

(0.05208) L 0.04542 1.384 0.001620 1.505
M 0.04742 1.446 0.001766 1.642

5/8 0.750 1.905 K 0.05433 1.657 0.002319 2.156

(0.0625) L 0.05550 1.691 0.002419 2.246

3/4 0.875 2.222 K 0.06208 1.892 0.003027 2.811

(0.0729) L 0.06542 1.994 0.003361 3.123
M 0.06758 2.060 0.003587 3.333

1 1.125 2.858 K 0.08292 2.528 0.005400 5.019

(0.09375) L 0.08542 2.604 0.005730 5.326
M 0.08792 2.680 0.006071 5.641

1 1/4 1.375 3.493 K 0.1038 3.163 0.008454 7.858

(0.1146) L 0.1054 3.213 0.008728 8.108
M 0.1076 3.279 0.009090 8.444

1 1/2 1.625 4.128 K 0.1234 3.762 0.01196 11.12

(0.1354) L 0.1254 3.824 0.01235 11.48
M 0.1273 3.880 0.01272 11.82

2 2.125 5.398 K 0.1633 4.976 0.02093 11.95

(0.1771) L 0.1654 5.042 0.02149 19.97
M 0.1674 5.102 0.02201 20.44

2 1/2 2.625 6.668 K 0.2029 6.186 0.03234 30.05

(0.21875) L 0.2054 6.262 0.03314 30.80
M 0.2079 6.338 0.03395 40.17

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 Table D.2 • Dimensions of seamless copper tubing. 631

TABLE D.2.continued. Dimensions of seamless copper tubing.

Standard Outside Diameter Inside Diameter Flow Area

Size in. (ft) cm Type ft cm ft2 c m2

3 3.125 7.938 K 0.2423 7.384 0.04609 42.82

(0.2604) L 0.2454 7.480 0.04730 43.94
M 0.2484 7.572 0.04847 45.03

31/2 3.625 9.208 K 0.2821 8.598 0.06249 58.06

(0.3021) L 0.2854 8.700 0.06398 59.45
M 0.2883 8.786 0.06523 60.63

4 4.125 10.48 K 0.3214 9.800 0.08114 75.43

(0.34375) L 0.3254 9.922 0.08317 77.32
M 0.3279 9.998 0.08445 78.51

5 5.125 13.02 K 0.4004 12.21 0.1259 117.10

(0.4271) L 0.4063 12.38 0.1296 120.50
M 0.4089 12.47 0.1313 112.10

6 6.125 15.56 K 0.4784 14.58 0.1798 167.00

(0.5104) L 0.4871 14.85 0.1863 173.20
M 0.4901 14.93 0.1886 175.30

8 8.125 20.64 K 0.6319 19.26 0.3136 291.50

(0.6771) L 0.6438 19.62 0.3255 302.50
M 0.6488 19.78 0.3306 307.20

10 10.125 25.72 K 0.7874 24.00 0.4870 452.50

(0.84375) L 0.8021 24.45 0.5053 469.50
M 0.8084 24.64 0.5133 476.80

12 12.125 30.80 K 0.9429 28.74 0.6983 648.80

(1.010) L 0.9638 29.38 0.7295 677.90
M 0.9681 29.51 0.7361 684.00

Note: Type K is for underground service and general plumbing; type L is for interior
plumbing; type M is for use only with soldered fittings.

Source: Dimensions in English units obtained from ANSI/ASTM B88–78,

Standard
Specifications for Seamless Copper Water Tube.Copyright ASTM. Reprinted with
permission.

Copyright 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.