Academic Session: 2020-21

Binomial Theorem

MATHEMATICS
Class XI
JEE (Main + Advanced)
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
Index
Particular's Page No.

Theory 01–12

Exercise – 1 (Bronze) 13-19

Part – I Subjective Questions
Part – II Objective Questions

Exercise – 2 (Silver) 20-23

Part – I Only one option correct type
Part – II One or more than one option correct type

Exercise – 3 (Gold) 23-26

Part – I Single and double digit integer type
Part – II Match the column and Comprehension

Exercise – 4 (Platinum) 27-30

Part – I JEE (Main) Questions
Part – II JEE (Advanced) / Previous year subjective questions

Answer Key 31-33

Exercise – 5 (Diamond) 34-39

Part – I Objective Questions
Part – II Subjective Questions

Answer Key 40
Binomial Theorem

Binomial expression :
Any algebraic expression which contains two dissimilar terms is called binomial expression.
1 1
For Example : x + y, x 2y + , 3 – x, x2  1 + etc.
xy 2
( x  1)1/ 3
3

Terminology used in binomial theorem :

Factorial notation : or n! is pronounced as factorial n and is defined as
n(n  1)(n  2)........ 3 . 2 .1 ; if n  N
n! = 
 1 ; if n  0

Note : n! = n . (n – 1)! ; nN

Mathematical meaning of nC r : The term nCr denotes number of combinations of r things chosen from
n!
n distinct things mathematically, nCr = , n N, r  W, 0 r n
(n  r )! r!

n
Note : Other symbols of of nCr are   and C(n, r).
r 
Properties related to n C r :
n
(i) Cr = nCn – r

Note : If nCx = nCy  Either x = y or x+y=n

n
(ii) C r + nC r – 1 = n+1
Cr
n
Cr n r 1
(iii) n = r
Cr 1

n n(n  1) n(n  1)(n  2).........(n  (r  1))

n n–1 n–2
(iv) Cr = Cr–1 = Cr–2 = ............. = r (r  1)(r  2).......2 .1
r r(r  1)

(v) If n and r are relatively prime, then nCr is divisible by n. But converse is not necessarily true.

Statement of binomial theorem :

(a + b)n = nC0 anb0 + nC1 an–1 b1 + nC2 an–2 b2 +...+ nCr an–r br +...... + nCn a0 bn

where n  N
n
n
or (a + b) n
=  C r a n r b r
r0

Note : If we put a = 1 and b = x in the above binomial expansion, then

or (1 + x)n = nC0 + nC1 x + nC2 x 2 +... + nCr x r +...+ nCn xn
n
n
or (1 + x) = n  Cr x r
r 0

1
Binomial Theorem

Example # 1 : Expand the following binomials :

4
 3x 2 
(i) (x – 3)5 (ii) 1  
 2 

Solution : (i) (x – 3)5 = 5C0x5 + 5C1x 4 (– 3)1 + 5C2 x 3 (– 3)2 + 5C3 x 2 (–3)3
+ 5C4 x (– 3)4 + 5C5 (– 3)5
= x – 15x + 90x 3 – 270x 2 + 405x – 243
5 4

4 2 3 4
 3x 2   3x 2   3x 2   3x 2   3x 2 
(ii) 1   = 4C + 4C   4   + 4C   + 4C  
 2  0 1  2  + C2  2  3  2  4  2 
     

27 4 27 6 81 8
= 1 – 6x 2 + x – x + x
2 2 16
10
2 
Example # 2 : Expand the binomial   x up to four terms
x 
10 10 9 8 7
2   2x   2  2 2  2 3
Solution :  x  x = 10C0  3  + C1   x + 10C2   x + 10C3   x + ....
10
 x  x  x

Self practice problems

6
 y
(1) Write the first three terms in the expansion of  2   .
 3
5
 x2 3 
(2) Expand the binomial    .

 3 x
80 2 x10 5 7 10 4 135 243
Ans. (1) 64 – 64y + y (2) + x + x + 30x + 2 + .
3 243 27 3 x x5
Observations :
(i) The number of terms in the binomial expansion (a + b)n is n + 1.
(ii) The sum of the indices of a and b in each term is n.
(iii) The binomial coefficients (nC0, nC1 ..........nCn) of the terms equidistant from the beginning and
the end are equal, i.e. nC0 = nCn, nC1 = nCn–1 etc. {nCr = nCn–r}
(iv) The binomial coefficient can be remembered with the help of the following pascal’s Triangle
(also known as Meru Prastra provided by Pingla)

Regarding Pascal’s Triangle, we note the following :

(a) Each row of the triangle begins with 1 and ends with 1.
(b) Any entry in a row is the sum of two entries in the preceding row, one on the immediate left and
the other on the immediate right.

2
Binomial Theorem

Example # 3 : The number of dissimilar terms in the expansion of (1 – x 4 – 2x 2)15 is

(A) 21 (B) 31 (C) 41 (D) 61
Solution : (1 – x 2)30
Therefore number of dissimilar terms = 31.

General term :
(x + y)n = nC0 x n y0 + nC1 xn–1 y1 + ...........+ nCr x n–r yr + ..........+ nCn x 0 yn
(r + 1)th term is called general term and denoted by T r+1.
T r+1 = nCr xn–r yr

Note : The rth term from the end is equal to the (n – r + 2)th term from the begining, i.e. n
Cn – r + 1 xr – 1 yn – r + 1

7
 3x 
Example # 4 : Find (i) 15th term of (2x – 3y)20 (ii) 4th term of   y
 5 
Solution : (i) T 14 + 1 = 20C14 (2x)6 (–3y)14 = 20C14 26 314 x 6.y14
4 4
 3x   3
(ii) T3 + 1 = C3   (–y)3 = –7C3   x 4y3
7
 5  5

600
 31 1

Example # 5 : Find the number of rational terms in the expansion of  2  3 5



600
 31 1

The general term in the expansion of  2  3 
5
Solution : is
 

600  r r
 31   51  600  r r

Tr+1 = 600Cr  2   3  = 600

Cr 2 3 35
 
The above term will be rational if exponent of 3 and 2 are integers
600  r r
It means and must be integers
3 5
The possible set of values of r is {0, 15, 30, 45 ............, 600}
Hence, number of rational terms is 41

Middle term(s) :
th
n 2
(a) If n is even, there is only one middle term, which is   term.
 2 
th th
 n  1 n 1 
(b) If n is odd, there are two middle terms, which are   and   1 terms.
 2   2 

Example # 6 : Find the middle term(s) in the expansion of

11
 y2 
(i) (1 + 2x) 12
(ii)  2y 
2 

3
Binomial Theorem

Solution : (i) (1 + 2x)12

 12  2  th
Here, n is even, therefore middle term is  term.
 2 
It means T 7 is middle term
T 7 = 12C6 (2x)6
11
 y2 
(ii)  2y  2 

 11  1  11  1  th
Here, n is odd therefore, middle terms are  th
&   1 .
2  2 
It means T 6 & T 7 are middle terms
5
 y2 
  2  = –2 C5 y
11 6 17 16
T 6 = C5 (2y)

6
 y2  11
C6
2
 T 7 = C6 (2y)    =
11 5 y17
 2
16
 2 1
Example # 7 : Find term which is independent of x in  x  6  .
 x 
r
 1
Solution : 16
T r + 1 = Cr (x ) 2 16–r
  6 
x
For term to be independent of x, exponent of x should be 0
32 – 2r = 6r  r=4  T 5 is independent of x.

Numerically greatest term in the expansion of (a + b)n, n  N

Binomial expansion of (a + b)n is as follows :-
(a + b)n = nC0 anb0 + nC1 an–1 b1 + nC2 an–2b2 + ... + nCr an–r br + ..... + nCn a0 bn
If we put certain values of a and b in RHS, then each term of binomial expansion will have certain
value. The term having numerically greatest value is said to be numerically greatest term.
Let T r and T r + 1 be the rth and (r + 1)th terms respectively.
Tr = nCr–1 an–(r–1) br–1
Tr + 1 = nCr an–r br
n
Tr 1 Cr an  r br nr 1 b
Now = .
Tr n
Cr 1 an r 1br 1 = r a

Tr 1
Consider Tr 1

n1
 n  r  1 b n1 b
 r  a 1  1   r  1  b
r a a

n1
Case-I When 1  b is an integer (say m), then
a
(i) Tr + 1 > Tr when r < m (r = 1, 2, 3 ...., m – 1)
i.e. T 2 > T 1, T 3 > T 2, .........., T m > T m–1
(ii) Tr + 1 < Tr when r = m
i.e. Tm + 1 = Tm
(iii) Tr + 1 < Tr when r > m (r = m + 1, m + 2, ..............n)
i.e. T m + 2 < T m + 1, T m + 3 < T m + 2 , ............... T n + 1 < T n

4
Binomial Theorem

Conclusion :
n1
When 1  b is an integer, say m, then T m and T m + 1 will be numerically greatest terms (both terms are
a
equal in magnitude)

Case - II
When is not an integer (Let its integral part be m), then
(i) Tr + 1 > Tr when r < (r = 1, 2, 3, ........, m –1, m)
i.e. T 2 > T 1 , T 3 > T 2, ..............., T m + 1 > T m
(ii) Tr + 1 < Tr when r > (r = m + 1, m + 2, .......... n)
i.e. T m + 2 < T m + 1 , T m + 2 , ................ T n + 1 < T n
Conclusion :
When is not an integer and its integral part is m, then T m + 1 will be the numerically greatest term.

Note : (i) In any binomial expansion, the middle term(s) has greatest binomial coefficient.
In the expansion of (a + b)n
If n No. of greatest binomial coefficient Greatest binomial coefficient
n
Even 1 Cn/2
n
Odd 2 C(n – 1)/2 and nC(n + 1)/2
(Values of both these coefficients are equal)
(ii) In order to obtain the term having numerically greatest coefficient, put a = b = 1, and proceed as
discussed above.

1
Example # 8 : Find the numerically greatest term in the expansion of (7 –3x)25 when x = .
3
n1 25  1
26
Solutions : m = 1 b = 1 7 =
a 1 8
[m] = ([m] denotes GIF)
 T 4 is numerically greatests term

Self practice problems :

9
 2 3
(3) Find the term independent of x in  x  
 x
(4) The sum of all rational terms in the expansion of (31/7 + 51/2)14 is
(A) 32 (B) 32 + 57 (C) 37 + 52 (D) 57
18
 1
(5) Find the coefficient of x–2 in (1 + x2 + x4)  1  2 
 x 
(6) Find the middle term(s) in the expansion of (1 + 3x + 3x 2 + x3)2n
2
(7) Find the numerically greatest term in the expansion of (2 + 5x)21 when x = .
5
Ans. (3) 28.37 (4) B (5) –681
6n
(6) C3n . x3n (7) T 11 = T12 = 21C10 221

Example # 9 : Show that 7n + 5 is divisible by 6, where n is a positive integer.

Solution : 7n + 5 = (1 + 6)n + 5 = nC0 + nC1 . 6 + nC2 . 62 + ...... + nCn 6n + 5
= 6. C1 + 62 . C2 + ....... + Cn . 6n + 6
= 6, where  is a positive integer
Hence, 7n + 5 is divisible by 6

5
Binomial Theorem

Example # 10 : What is the remainder when 781 is divided by 5.

Solution : 781 = 7.780 = 7. (49)40 = 7 (50 – 1)40
= 7 [40C0 (50)40 – 40C1 (50)39 + ........ – 40C39 (50)1 + 40C40 (50)0]
= 5(k) + 7 (where k is a positive integer) = 5 (k + 1) + 2
Hence, remainder is 2

Example # 11 : Find the last digit of the number (13)12.

Solution : (13)12 = (169)6 = (170 – 1)6
= 6C0 (170)6 – 6C1 (170)5 + ........... – 6C5 (170)1 + 6C6 (170)0
Hence, remainder is 1
Note : We can also conclude that last three digits are 481.

Example # 12 : Which number is larger (1.1)1000000 or 10,000 ?

Solution : By Binomial Theorem
(1.1)100000 = (1 + 0.1)100000 + 1 + 100000C1 (0.1) + other positive terms
= 1 + 100000 × 0.1 + other positive terms
= 1 + 10000 + other positive terms
Hence (1.1)100000 > 10,000

Self practice problems :

(8) If n is a positive integer, then show that 6n – 5n – 1 is divisible by 25.

(9) What is the remainder when 3257 is divided by 80 .

(10) Find the last digit, last two digits and last three digits of the number (81)25.

(11) Which number is larger (1.3)2000 or 600

Ans. (9) 3 (10) 1, 01, 001 (11) (1.3)2000.

Some standard expansions :

(i) Consider the expansion
n
n
(x + y) = n
r 0
 Cr x n–r yr = nC x n y0 + nC x n–1 y1 + ...........+ nC x n–r yr + ..........+ nC x0 yn ....(i)
0 1 r n

(ii) Now replace y  – y we get

n
n
(x – y) = n 
r 0
Cr (– 1) r xn–r yr

= nC0 x n y0 – nC1 x n–1 y1 + ...+ nCr (–1)r xn–r yr + ...+ nCn (– 1)n x 0 yn ....(ii)
(iii) Adding (i) & (ii), we get
(x + y)n + (x – y)n = 2[nC0 xn y0 + nC2 x n – 2 y2 +.........]

(iv) Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get

(x + y)n – (x – y)n = 2[nC1 xn – 1 y1 + nC3 x n – 3 y3 +.........]

Properties of binomial coefficients :

(1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x 2 + ......... + Cr x r + .......... + Cnx n ......(1)
where Cr denotes nCr
(1) The sum of the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n is 2n
Putting x = 1 in (1)

n
C0 + nC1 + nC2 + ........+ nCn = 2n ......(2)
n
n
or  Cr  2n
r 0

6
Binomial Theorem
(2) Again putting x = –1 in (1), we get

n
C0 – nC1 + nC2 – nC3 + ............. + (–1)n nCn = 0 ......(3)
n
r n
or  (1)
r0
Cr  0

(3) The sum of the binomial coefficients at odd position is equal to the sum of the binomial coefficients
at even position and each is equal to 2n–1.
from (2) and (3)

n
C0 + nC2 + nC4 + ................ = nC1 + nC3 + nC5 + ................ = 2n–1

(4) Sum of two consecutive binomial coefficients

n
Cr + nCr–1 = n+1Cr
n! n!
L.H.S. = nCr + nCr–1 = +
(n  r )! r! (n  r  1)! (r  1)!

n! 1 1 
= (n  r )! (r  1)!   
 r n  r  1

n! (n  1)
= (n  r )! (r  1)!
r(n  r  1)

(n  1)!
n+1
= (n  r  1)! r! = Cr = R.H.S.

(5) Ratio of two consecutive binomial coefficients

n
Cr n r 1
n =
Cr 1 r
n n(n  1) n(n  1)(n  2).........(n  (r  1))
n n–1 n–2
(6) Cr = Cr–1 = Cr–2 = ............. = r (r  1)(r  2).......2 .1
r r(r  1)

Example # 13 : If (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + ............. + Cnx n, then show that

(i) C0 + 4C1 + 42C2 + .......... + 4n Cn = 5n.

(ii) 3C0 + 5C1 + 7. C2 + ........ + (2n + 3) Cn = 2n (n + 3).

C1 C2 C3 Cn 2n 1  1
(iii) +C0 + + + ......... = .
2 3 4 n 1 n1
Solution : (i) (1 + x)n = C0 + C1 x + C2x 2 + ........... + Cnx n
put x = 4
C0 + 4C1 + 42C2 + .......... + 4nCn = 5n
(ii) L.H.S. = 3C0 + 5C1 + 7. C2 + ........ + (2n + 3) Cn
n n n
n n
=  (2r  3) . nCr = 2 r. Cr + 3 Cr
r 0 r 0 r 0

n n
n1 n
= 2n 
r 0
Cr 1 + 3 
r 0
Cr = 2n . 2n – 1 + 3. 2n = 2n (n + 3). RHS

(iii)  Method : By Summation

C1 C2 C3 Cn
L.H.S. = C0 – + – + ........ +
2 3 4 n 1

7
Binomial Theorem
n n n
r Cr 1 n  1 n  2n 1  1
=  (1) . =
n 1
 . n+1
Cr + 1 
r 1
. Cr  n 1
Cr 1  =
n1
Proved
r0 r 1 r0 

Method : By Integration

(1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + ...... + Cn xn. Integrating both sides, within the limits 1 to 0.
1 1
 (1  x)n  1   x2 x3 x n 1 
  = C
 0 x  C1  C 2  .....  Cn 
 n  1 0  2 3 n  10

2n  1 1  C1 C2 Cn 
– =  C0  2  3  .....  n  1  0
n 1 n 1

C1 C2 C3 Cn 2n 1  1
C0 – + + + .......... + = Proved
2 3 4 n 1 n1

Example # 14 : If (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + ........+ Cnxn, then prove that

(i) C0C1 + C1C2 + C2C3 + ...... + Cn–1 Cn = 2nCn–1 or 2nCn + 1
(ii) 12. C12 + 22 . C22 + 32 . C32 + ......... + n2Cn2 . n2 . 2n – 2Cn–1
Solution : (i) (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + ......... + Cn x n. ........(i)
(x + 1)n = C0xn + C1x n – 1 + C2x n – 2 + ....... + Cn x 0 ........(ii)
Multiplying (i) and (ii)
(C0 + C1x + C2x 2 + ......... + Cnxn) (C0xn + C1x n – 1 + ......... + Cnx 0) = (1 + x)2n
Comparing coefficient of xn–1,
C0C1 + C1C2 + C2C3 + ........ + Cn–1 Cn = 2nCn–1 or 2nCn + 1

(ii) (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + ............. Cn xn ..........(i)

differentiating w.r.t x.........
n(1 + x)n – 1 = C1x + 2C2x + 3C3x2 + ............ + nCn xn–1
Multiplying by x
n × (1 + x)n–1 = C1x + 2C2x2 + 3C3x3 + ............ + nCn xn
Now differentiate w.r.t. X ......
n (1 + x)n–1 = n (n –1)x. (1 + x)n–2 = 12C1 + 22C2 + 32C3x2 + ....... + n2Cnxn–1 ..... (ii)
multiplying (ii) & (iii) and comparing the cofficient of xn–1
12 . C12 + 22 . C22 + 32 . C32 + ......... n2Cn2. = n  2n 1

Cn 1  2n  2 Cn  2  n2 2n  2
Cn  2
2 2n–2
=n Cn–1 = R.H.S.

Example # 15 : Find the summation of the following series –

m
(i) C0 + m+1C1 + m+2C2 + .............. + nCm
n
(ii) C3 + 2 . n+1C3 + 3. n+2C3 + ......... + n . 2n–1C3
Solution : (i) Method : Using property, nCr +nCr–1 = n+1Cr
m
C0 + m+1C1 + m+2C2 + .............. + nCm
m
Cm + m+1Cm + m+2Cm + .............. + nCm
m 1
=  Cm1  m1 Cm + m+2
Cm + .............. + nCm { mCm = m+1Cm+1}
 
m 2
Cm1  m 2 Cm
=     + .................. + nC
m

= m+3Cm+1 + ............. + nCm = nCm+1 + nCm = n+1Cm+1

 Method
m
Cm + m+1Cm + m+2Cm + .......... + nCm
The above series can be obtained by writing the coefficient of x m in
(1 + x)m + (1 + x)m+1 + ......... + (1 + x)n
Let S = (1 + x)m + (1 + x)m+1 +.............. + (1 + x)n

=

(1  x )m 1  x 
n m 1
1
=

1  x n1  1  x m
x x

8
Binomial Theorem

= coefficient of x m in
1  x n1 –
1  xm
= n + 1Cm +1 + 0 = n + 1Cm +1
x x
(ii) nC3 + 2 . n+1C3 + 3 . n+2C3 + .......... + n . 2n–1C3
The above series can be obatined by writing the coefficient of x 3 in
(1 + x)n + 2 . (1 + x)n+1 + 3 . (1 + x)n+2 + ........... + n . (1 + x)2n–1
Let S = (1 + x)n + 2 . (1 + x)n+1 + 3. (1 + x)n+2 + ........... + n (1 + x)2n–1 .....(i)
(1 + x)S = (1 + x)n+1 + 2 (1 + x)n+2 + ............. + (n – 1) (1 + x)2n–1 + n(1 + x)2n ....(ii)
Subtracting (ii) from (i)
– xS = (1 + x)n + (1 + x)n+1 + (1 + x)n+2 + .............. + (1 + x)2n–1 – n(1 + x)2n

=

(1  x )n (1  x )n  1 – n (1 + x) 2n
x
 (1  x )2n  (1  x )n n(1  x )2n
S= +
x2 x
x3 : S 3
(coefficient of x in S)
 (1  x )2n  (1  x )n
n(1  x )2n
x3 : +
x2 x
Hence, required summation of the series is – 2nC5 + nC5 + n . 2nC4

n
Example # 16 : Prove that C1 – C3 + C5 – ........ = 2n/2 sin .
4
Solution : Consider the expansion (1 + x)n = C0 + C1 x + C2 x2 + ...... + Cn xn ...... (i)
putting x = – 1 in (i) we get
(1 – i)n = C0 – C1i – C2 + C3i + C4 + ........ (–1)n Cn in
  n   n  
or 2n/2 cos     1 sin     = (C – C + C – ....) – i (C – C + C – ....) ...... (ii)
  4  4  0 2 4 1 3 5

n
Equating the imaginary part in (ii) we get C1 – C3 + C5 – ....... = 2n/2 sin
4
Self practice problems :
(12) Prove the following
(i) 5C0 + 7C1 + 9C2 + ............. + (2n + 5) Cn = 2n (n + 5)

42 43 4n1 5n1  1
(ii) 4C0 + . C1 + C2 + .............. + Cn =
2 3 n 1 n 1
n
(iii) C0 . n+1Cn + nC1 . nCn–1 + nC2 . n–1Cn–2 + ........... + nCn . 1C0 = 2n–1 (n + 2)
2
(iv) C2 + 3C2 + ......... + nC2 = n+1
C3

Binomial theorem for negative and fractional indices :

n(n  1) n(n  1)(n  2)
If n  R, then (1 + x)n = 1 + nx + 2! x 2
+ 3! x3 + ................
n(n  1)(n  2).......(n  r  1)
.................. + r! xr + .................... .
Remarks
(i) The above expansion is valid for any rational number other than a whole number if | x | < 1.
(ii) When the index is a negative integer or a fraction then number of terms in the expansion of
(1 + x)n is infinite, and the symbol nCr cannot be used to denote the coefficient of the general term.
(iii) The first term must be unity in the expansion, when index ‘n’ is a negative integer or fraction

9
Binomial Theorem

  y
n  y n (n  1)  y 
2  y
 x n 1    x n 1  n .     .....  if 1
  x  x 2!  x  x

(x + y)n = 
 n  2 
 y n 1  x   y n 1  n . x  n (n  1)  x   .....  if x
1
       
y  y 2! y  y


n(n  1)(n  2).........(n  r  1)

(iv) The general term in the expansion of (1 + x)n is Tr+1 = r! xr

(v) When ‘n’ is any rational number other than whole number then approximate value of (1 + x)n is
1 + nx (x2 and higher powers of x can be neglected)
(vi) Expansions to be remembered (|x| < 1)
(a) (1 + x)–1 = 1 – x + x 2 – x3 + .......... + (–1)r xr + .........
(b) (1 – x)–1 = 1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + .......... + xr + .........
(c) (1 + x)–2 = 1 – 2x + 3x 2 – 4x 3 + .......... + (–1)r (r + 1) xr + ...........
(d) (1 – x)–2 = 1 + 2x + 3x 2 + 4x 3 + ............. + (r + 1)x r + ........... 

Example # 17 : Prove that the coefficient of xr in (1 – x)–n is n+r–1

Cr
th –n
Solution: (r + 1) term in the expansion of (1 – x) can be written as

n( n  1)( n  2)......( n  r  1)

T r +1 = (–x)r
r!

n(n  1)(n  2)......(n  r  1)

= (–1)r (–x)r
r!

n(n  1)(n  2)......(n  r  1) r

= x
r!

(n  1)! n(n  1)......(n  r  1) r

= x
(n  1) ! r !

(n  r  1)!
Hence, coefficient of xr is
(n  1)! r!
= n+r–1Cr Proved
Example # 18 : If x is so small such that its square and higher powers may be neglected, then find the value

(1  2x)1/3  (1  5x)–3/2
of
(9  x)1/2

3 15x
1 x  1 1/2
(1  2x)1/3  (1  5x)–3/2 2 2 1  49   x
Solution : = =  2  x 1 
(9  x)1/2  x
1/2
3  6   9 
3 1  
 9
1 3
4 6
9

1  49   x 1  x 49  x 49
=  2  6 x  1  18  =  2  9  6 x = 1 – – x =1– x
3  2 18 12

10
Binomial Theorem

Self practice problems :

(13) Find the possible set of values of x for which expansion of (3 – 2x)1/2 is valid in ascending
powers of x.

3 2
2 1.3  2  1.3.5  2 
(14) If y = + 2!   +   + ............., then find the value of y2 + 2y
5 5 3! 5

2  3x
(15) The coefficient of x 50 in is
(1  x)3
(A) 500 (B) 1000 (C) –1173 (D) 1173

 3 3
Ans. (13) x   ,  (14) 4 (15) (C)
 2 2

Multinomial Theorem
As we know the Binomial Theorem –

n n
n n!
(x + y) =n 
r 0
Cr x n–r yr =  (n  r )! r!
r0
x n–r yr

putting n – r = r1 , r = r2

n!
therefore, (x + y)n = 
r1  r2
r ! r2 !
n 1
x r1 . y r2

Total number of terms in the expansion of (x + y)n is equal to number of non-negative integral solution
n+2–1 n+1
of r1 + r2 = n i.e. C2–1 = C1 = n + 1
In the same fashion we can write the multinomial theorem

n!
(x 1 + x 2 + x 3 + ........... x k)n = 
r1  r2 ...rk n
r1! r2 !... rk !
x1r1 . x r22 ...x rkk

Here total number of terms in the expansion of (x 1 + x 2 + .......... + x k) n is equal to number of

n+k–1
non-negative integral solution of r1 + r2 + ........ + rk = n i.e. Ck–1

Example # 19 : Find the coeff. of a2 b3 c4 d in the expansion of (a – b – c + d)10

(10)!
Solution : (a – b – c + d)10 = 
r1  r2 r3 r4 10 r1! r2 ! r3 ! r4 !
(a)r1 ( b)r2 ( c )r3 (d)r4

we want to get a b c 4 d this implies that

2 3
r1 = 2, r2 = 3, r3 = 4, r4 = 1

(10 )!
 coeff. of a2 b3 c4 d is 2! 3! 4! 1! (–1)3 (–1)4 = – 12600 Ans.

11
Binomial Theorem
11
 7
Example # 20 : In the expansion of 1  x   find the term independent of x.
 x

11 (11)! r
 7 73
Solution : 1  x  
x
=  r !r !r !
r1 r2
(1) ( x )  
 r1  r2 r3 11 1 2 3 x

7
The exponent 11 is to be divided among the base variables 1, x and in such a way so that we get x0.
x
Therefore, possible set of values of (r1, r2, r3) are (11, 0, 0), (9, 1, 1), (7, 2, 2), (5, 3, 3), (3, 4, 4),
(1, 5, 5)
Hence the required term is

(11)! (11)! (11)! (11)! (11)! (11)!

(70) + 9! 1 !1 ! 71 + 7! 2 ! 2 ! 72 + 5! 3 ! 3 ! 73 + 3! 4 ! 4 ! 74 + 1 ! 5 ! 5 ! 75
(11)!

(11)! 2! (11)! 4! (11) ! 6!

= 1 + 9 ! 2 ! . 1 ! 1 ! 71 + 7 ! 4 ! . 2 ! 2 ! 72 + 5 ! 6 ! . 3 ! 3 ! 73

(11) ! 8! (11) ! (10) !

+ 3 ! 8 ! . 4 ! 4 ! 74 + 1 ! 10 ! . 5 ! 5 ! 75

= 1 + 11C2 . 2C1 . 71 + 11C4 . 4C2 . 72 + 11C6 . 6C3 . 73 + 11C8 . 8C4 . 74 + 11C10 . 10C5 . 75

5
11
=1+ 
r 1
C 2r . 2rC . 7r
r
Ans.

Self practice problems :

(16) The number of terms in the expansion of (a + b + c + d + e)n is
(A) n+4C4 (B) n+3Cn (C) n+5Cn (D) n + 1
2 3 1 7
(17) Find the coefficient of x y z in the expansion of (x – 2y – 3z)
(18) Find the coefficient of x 17 in (2x 2 – x – 3)9

7!
Ans. (16) A (17) 24 (18) 2304
2! 3! 1!

12
Binomial Theorem

Exercise-1 (Bronze)
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Section (A) : General Term & Coefficient of xk in (ax +b)n

A-1. Expand the following :

5 4
 2 x  2 2
(i)    , (x 0) (ii)  y   , (y  0)
 x 2  y
n
3 1 
A-2. In the binomial expansion of  2  3  , the ratio of the 7th term from the begining to the 7th term from the
 3
end is 1 : 6 ; find n.
n
 x
A-3. If the coefficients of x7 & x8 in the expansion of 2   are equal , then the value of n is :
 3
5 5
A-4. 
Find the degree of the polynomial x  (x 3  1)1/2    x  (x 3
 1)1/ 2  .

A-5. Find the coefficient of

(i) x6y3 in (x + y)9 (ii) a5 b7 in (a – 2b)12
10
 2
A-6. Prove that the ratio of the coefficient of x10 in (1 – x²)10 & the term independent of x in  x   is 1 : 32.
 x
11 11
 2 1   1 
A-7. Find the co-efficient of x7 in  ax  and of x–7 in  ax  and find the relation between 'a' &
 b x   
b x2 
'b' so that these co-efficients are equal. (where a, b  0)

A-8. Find the term independent of 'x' in the expansion of the expression,
9
3 1 
(1  x  2x 3 )  x 2 
2 3 x 

A-9. In the binomial expansion of (a – b)n, n > 5, the sum of the 5th and 6th terms is zero. Then a/b equals

A-10. The number of integral terms in the expansion of  3  5

8 256
is :

A-11. (i) Find the coefficient of x5 in (1 + 2x)6 (1 – x)7

(ii) Find the coefficient of x4 in (1 + 2x)4 (2 – x)5

A-12. Find the coefficient of x 4 in the expansion of :

(i) (1 + x + x2 + x3)11 (ii) (2 – x + 3x2)6

n
 3 1
A-13. In the expansion of  x  2  , n  N , if the sum of the coefficients of x5 and x10 is 0, then n is :
 x 

13
Binomial Theorem

Section (B) : Middle term, Remainder & Numerically/Algebrically Greatest terms

B-1. Find the middle term(s) in the expansion of
7
 x y
(i)  y  x  (ii) (1 – 2x + x2)n

B-2. Prove that the co-efficient of the middle term in the expansion of (1 + x)2n is equal to the sum of the
co-efficients of middle terms in the expansion of (1 + x)2n – 1.

n
 1
B-3. The sum of the binomial coefficients of 2 x   is equal to 256. The coefficient of middle term in the
 x

expansion is

B-4. The coefficient of the middle term in the binomial expansion in powers of x of (1 + x)4 and of (1 – x)6 is the
same, if  equals :

B-5. (i) Find the remainder when 798 is divided by 5

(ii) Using binomial theorem prove that 6n – 5n always leaves the remainder 1 when divided by 25.
(iii) Find the last digit, last two digits and last three digits of the number (27)27.

B-6. If 683 + 883 is divided by 49, then the remainder is

B-7. Which is larger : (9950 + 10050) or (101)50.

B-8. Find the largest co-efficient in the expansion of (1 + x)n, given that the sum of co-efficients of the terms in its
expansion is 4096 .
1
B-9. (i) Find numerically greatest term(s) in the expansion of (3 – 5x)15 when x =
5
(ii) Which term is the numerically greatest term in the expansion of (2x + 5y)34, when x = 3 & y = 2 ?

B-10. Find the term in the expansion of (2x – 5)6 which have
(i) Greatest binomial coefficient (ii) Greatest numerical coefficient
(iii) Algebrically greatest coefficient (iv) Algebrically least coefficient

Section (C) : Summation of series, Variable upper index & Product of binomial coefficients

C-1. If C0, C1, C2, ... Cn are the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n then prove that :
(3.2  1) 32.22  1 33.23  1 3n.2n  1 23n  3n
(i) C1  2
C2  3
C3  ....... + n
Cn 
2 2 2 2 2n
C1 C C C n(n  1)
(ii)  2 2  3 3  .............  n n 
C0 C1 C2 Cn1 2

C0 C1C2 .........Cn1 (n  1)n

(iii) (C0 + C1) (C1 + C2) (C2 + C3) (C3 + C4)........ (Cn–1 + Cn) =
n!
(iv) Co – 2C1 + 3C2 – 4C3 +.... + (–1)n (n + 1) Cn = 0
2 43 4n 1 5n 1  1
(v) 4C0  .C1  C2  .............  Cn
2 3 n1 n 1
22 . C0 23 . C1 24 . C2 2n 2.Cn 3n  2  2n  5
(vi)    .........  
1. 2 2.3 3.4 (n  1) (n  2) (n  1) (n + 2)

14
Binomial Theorem
10
 10   10 C 
C-2. (i)The value of the expression   10 Cr    ( 1)K K K  is :
 r 0   k 0 2 
(ii) Exponent of a binomial exceeds that of another by 3 .the sum of the binomial coefficients in the expansions
of both binomials taken together is 144 find exponents of both binomial.

n
2n
C-3. Find sum of series  (r  1).
r 0
Cr

22.C1 23.C2 24.C3 2n 1.Cn 3n 1  1

C-4. Prove that 2.C0     ........... 
2 3 4 n1 n1

C-5. 12. C0 + 22. C1 + 32. C2 + 42. C3 +.... + (n+1)2 Cn = 2n–2 (n+1) (n+4).

j n
C 2r 1  n  1
C-6. Evaluate r 1
r
, where j  
 2 
 , [.] represents G.I.F..

n
Pr n
C-7. Evaluate r.
r 1
Cr ,where P is equal to sum of first r natural numbers.
r

n n
Ck n(2n1 )  1
C-8. 
k 0

k  2 (n  1)(n  2)

C-9. Prove that nCr + n–1

Cr + n–2
Cr + .............. + rCr = n+1
Cr+1

C-10. If (1 + x)n = C0 + C1 x + C2 x2 + ......... + Cn xn, prove that

(2n)!
(i) C0 C3 + C1 C4 + ......... + Cn – 3 Cn =
(n  1) ! (n  3)!

(2n)!
(ii) C0 Cr + C1 Cr + 1 + .......... + Cn – r Cn =
(n  r) ! (n  r)!
(iii) C02 – C12 + C22 – C32 + ........ + (–1)n Cn2 = 0 or (–1)n/2 Cn/2 according as n is odd or even.

Section (D) : Negative & fractional index, Multinomial theorem

D-1. Find the co-efficient of X6 in the expansion of (1 – 2x)–5/2.

4  2x  x 2
12
D-2. (i) Find the coefficient of x in
(1  x)3

3  5x
(ii) Find the coefficient of x100 in
(1  x)2

D-3. Assuming ‘ x ‘ to be so small that x 2 and higher powers of 'x' can be neglected, show that,
4
 3  1/2
 1  4 x (16  3x) 305
is approximately equal to, 1  x.
(8  x)2/3 96

15
Binomial Theorem
D-4. The coefficient of x5 in (1 + 2x + 3x2 +.....)–3/2 is :
27

D-5. If x is positive, the first negative term in the expansion of (1  x ) 5 is :

D-6. (i) Find the coefficient of a5 b4 c7 in the expansion of (bc + ca + ab)8.

(ii) Sum of coefficients of odd powers of x in expansion of (9x2 + x – 8)6

D-7. Find the coefficient of x7 in (1 – 2x + x3)5 .

x x y2
D-8. If x is very large as compare to y, then the value of k in  1 2
xy xy kx

1
D-9. If the expansion in powers of x of the function 1 – ax 1 – bx  is

a0 + a1x + a2x2 + a3x3 + ......., then an is :

PART - II : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Section (A) : General term & coefficient of xk in (ax + b)n

2m 1
 x y
A-1. The (m + 1) term of   
th
is:
 y x
(A) independent of x (B) a constant
(C) depends on the ratio x/y and m (D) none of these

A-2. The coefficient of (3r)th term and coefficient of (r + 2)th term in the expansion of (1+ x)2n are equal then (where
r > 1 , n > 2, positive integer)-
n 1 n 1
(A) r = n/2 (B) r = n/3 (C) r = (D) r =
2 2

A-3. The total number of distinct terms in the expansion of, (x + a)100 + (x – a)100 after simplification is :
(A) 50 (B) 202 (C) 51 (D) none of these

183  73  3 . 18 . 7 . 25
A-4. The value of, is :
3 6  6. 243. 2  15.81 . 4  20 . 27 . 8  15 . 9 . 16  6 . 3 . 32  64
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) none

15
 17 
A-5. In the expansion of the  3  1th term is a :
 3 2  11
 4 
(A) positive integer (B) positive irrational number
(C) negative integer (D) negative irrational number.
n
 2 1
A-6. If in the expansion of  x   ,the coefficient of third term is 31, then the value of n is-
 4
(A) 30 (B) 31 (C) 29 (D) 32
n n
 a  C3
A-7. If the second term of the expansion a1/13  5/2
 is 14a , then the value of n C is :
1
 a  2

(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 12 (D) 6

A-8. In the expansion of (71/3 + 111/9)6561, the number of terms free from radicals is :
(A) 730 (B) 729 (C) 725 (D) 750
16
Binomial Theorem

A-9. The number of integral terms in the expansion of (51/2 + 71/6)642 is -

(A) 106 (B) 108 (C) 103 (D) 109

A-10. The value of m, for which the coefficients of the (2m + 1)th and (4m + 5)th terms in the expansion of (1 + x)10
are equal, is
(A) 3 (B) 1 (C) 5 (D) 8
8
 1
A-11. The co-efficient of x in the expansion of (1 – 2x3 + 3x5)  1  is :
 x 
(A) 56 (B) 65 (C) 154 (D) 62

A-12. Given that the term of the expansion (x1/3 – x–1/2)15 which does not contain x is 5 m, where m  N,then m=
(A) 1100 (B) 1010 (C) 1001 (D) 1002

A-13. For natural numbers m, n if (1 – y)m (1 + y)n= 1 + a1y + a2y2 + ..... and a1 = a2 = 10, then (m, n) is :

(A) (35, 20) (B) (45, 35) (C) (35, 45) (D) (20, 45)

A-14. If the coefficients of rth, (r + 1)th and (r +2)th terms in the binomial expansion of (1 +y)m are in AP, then m and
r satisfy the equation :
(A) m2 – m(4r – 1) + 4r2 + 2 = 0. (B) m2 – m(4r +1) + 4r2 – 2 = 0.
2 2
(C) m – m(4r+1) + 4r + 2 = 0. (D) m2 – m(4r –1) + 4r2 – 2 = 0.

4 3
 1  1
A-15. The term independent of x in the expansion of  x    x   is :
 x  x
(A) – 3 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 3

PQ
A-16. Let the co-efficients of xn in (1 + x)2n & (1 + x)2n–1 be P & Q respectively, then is
Q
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D)5

Section (B) : Middle term, Remainder & Numerically/Algebrically Greatest terms

8
k 
B-1. If k  R+ and the middle term of   2 is 1120, then value of k is:
2 
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 4
n
 2 1
B-2. If the middle term in the expansion of  x   is 924 x6, then n =
 x

(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 14 (D) None of these

B-3. The remainder when 22003 is divided by 17 is :

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 8 (D) 7

B-4. The last two digits of the number 3400 are:

(A) 81 (B) 43 (C) 29 (D) 01

B-5. Last three digits of the number N = 7100 – 3100 are

(A) 100 (B) 300 (C) 500 (D) 000

B-6. The greatest integer which divides 101100 – 1 is -

(A) 100 (B) 1000 (C) 10,000 (D) 100,000
17
Binomial Theorem
B-7. The last three digits of 10 ! are :
(A) 800 (B) 700 (C) 500 (D) 600

10 n
Cr
B-8. The value of r .
r 1
n
Cr  1
is equal to :

(A) 5 (2n – 9) (B) 10 n (C) 9 (n – 4) (D) n –2

n 1 n
Cr
B-9. 
r 0
n
Cr  n Cr 1
=

n n1 n n (n – 1)
(A) (B) (C) (n  1) (D)
2 2 2 2 (n + 1)

B-10. Find numerically greatest term in the expansion of (2 + 3 x)9, when x = 3/2.
(A) 9C6. 29. (3/2)12 (B) 9C3. 29. (3/2)6 (C) 9C5. 29. (3/2)10 (D) 9C4. 29. (3/2)8

n
B-11. 
Let 5  2 6  = p + f where n  N and p  N and 0 < f < 1 then the value of, f2  f + pf  p is

(A) a natural number (B) a negative integer

(C) a prime number (D) a irrational number

B-12. The greatest integer less than or equal to ( 2  1)6 is :

(A) 196 (B) 197 (C) 198 (D) 199

Section (C) : Summation of series, Variable upper index & Product of binomial coefficients

C-1. The sum of the series 20C0 – 20C1 + 20C2 – 20

C3 + ..... + 20C10 is
1
(A) –20C10 (B) 20
C10 (C) 0 (D) 20C10
2

10 10 10
2 10
C-2. Let S1 = 
j 1
j ( j – 1) 10
Cj , S2 = j 1
j 10Cj and S3 = j
j 1
C.
j

Statement -1 : S3 = 55 × 29 .
Statement -2 : S1 = 90 × 28 and S2 = 10 × 28.
(A) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true ; Statement -2 is not a correct explanation for Statement -1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
(C) Statement -1 is false, Statement -2 is true.
(D) Statement -1 is true, Statement -2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.

11 11 11 11
C0 C1 C2 C10
C-3.    ......  =
1 2 3 11

2111 2111 3111 3111

(A) (B) (C) (D)
11 6 11 6

C0 C1 C2 C3 Cn
C-4. The value of – + – +.......... + (–1)n is :
1.3 2 . 3 3 .3 4.3 (n  1) . 3

3 n 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these
n 1 3 3(n  1)

18
Binomial Theorem

5
C-5. The value of the expression 47C4 + 
j1
52  j
C3 is equal to:

(A) 47C5 (B) 52C5 (C) 52C4 (D) 49C4

 50   50   50   50   50   50  n
C-6. The value of     +     +...........+     is, where nCr =  
0  1  1 2  49   50  r 
2
100  100   50   50 
(A)   (B)   (C)   (D)  
 50   51   25   25 
n n
1 r tn
C-7. If sn = 
r 0
n
Cr
and tn = 
r 0
n
Cr
, then s is equal to-
n

n n 2n – 1
(A) (B) –1 (C) n – 1 (D)
2 2 2

n
2r  3 n (n  k).2n 1  1
C-8. If 
r 0 r  1
. Cr 
n 1
then ‘k’ is

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

Section (D) : Negative & fractional index, Multinomial theorem

D-1. If x < 1, then the co-efficient of x n in the expansion of (1 + x + x2 + x3 +.......)2 is

(A) n (B) n  1 (C) n + 2 (D) n + 1

1  2x  3 x2
D-2. The coefficient of x4 in the expansion of is-
(1  x) 2
(A) 13 (B) 14 (C) 20 (D) 22
1 13
. 13
. .5
D-3. 1 + + + + .... is equal to -
5 5.10 5.10.15
1 1 5
(A) (B) (C) (D) 5
5 2 3

D-4. The sum of the coefficients in the expansion of (1+ x + x2 )10 is -

(A) 410 (B) 310 (C) 210 (D) 104

D-5. The co-efficient of x4 in the expansion of (1 – x + 2x2)12 is :

(A) 12C3 (B) 13C3 (C) 14C4 (D) 12C3+ 3 13C3 + 14C4

D-6. The coefficient of x4 in the expansion of (1+ x + x2 + x3)n is -

(A) nC 4 (B) nC4 + nC2
(C) nC1 + nC
2+
nC nC
4. 2 (D) nC4+ nC2 + nC .nC
1 2

D-7. If (2– x – x2 )2n = a0 + a1x+a2x2+ a3x3 + ..., then the value of a0 + a2+ a4 + .... is-
(A) 2n–1 (B) 22n (C) 22n–1 (D) None of these
2
 1 x 
D-8. The coefficient of x 4 in  , | x | < 1 , is :
 1  x 
(A) 4 (B) –4 (C) 10 (D) 16

19
Binomial Theorem

Exercise-2 (Silver)
PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
1. In the expansion of
21
 a b 
3 b  3  , the term containing same powers of a & b is
 a
(A) 11th term (B) 13th term (C) 12th term (D) 6th term

2. If the third term in the expansion of x  x log10 x   5

is equal to 10,00,000 , then x equals-

(A)10 (B) 102 (C)103 (D) No such x exists

n
Cr  4 nCr 1  6 nCr  2  4 n Cr  3  nCr  4 n  k
3. If 
n
Cr  3 nCr 1 3 nCr 1  n Cr  3 r  k then the value of k is :
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 5

4. The co-efficient of x5 in the expansion of (1 + x)21 + (1 + x)22 +....... + (1 + x)30 is :

(A) 51C5 (B) 9C5 (C) 31C6 – 21C6 (D) 30C5 + 20C5

100
100
5. The coefficient of x52 in the expansion  Cm (x  3)100  m . 2m is :
m0

(A) 100C47 (B) 100C48 (C) –100C52 (D) –100C100

6. The sum of the coefficients of all the integral powers of x in the expansion of (1  2 x )40 is :

1 40 1 40
(A) 340 + 1 (B) 340 – 1 (C) (3  1) (D) (3  1)
2 2
n
r n (1  rn10)
7.  (1)
r 0
Cr .
(1  n10n )r


(A) 0 (B) 1/2 (C) 1 (D) None of these

3 x 10
8. Number of positive integral values of x if the fourth term in the expansion of (5 + ) is the only greatest
8
term.
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D)3

9. Coefficient of xn–1 in the expansion of, (x + 3)n + (x + 3)n–1 (x + 2) + (x + 3)n–2 (x + 2)2 +..... + (x + 2)n is :
(A) n+1C2(3) (B) n–1C2(5) (C) n+1C2(5) (D) nC2(5)

n
n
ar (101)100
10. If (1 + x)n = a x r
r
and br = 1 
ar 1
and r 1
br =
100!
, then n equals to :
r 0

(A) 99 (B) 100 (C) 101 (D) 102

11. the coefficient of x n in polynomial (x + 2n+1C0) (x + 2n+1C1)........(x + 2n+1Cn). is

(A) 2n (B) 2n1 (C) 2 2n (D) 22n1

20
Binomial Theorem

n 3
n 1
 Cr  4
12. If   n n   5 then value of n is equal to
r 0  Cr  Cr 1

(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) None of these

m
13. The sum  10i m20 i , (where   = 0 if P < q ) is maximum when m is
p
q
i0

(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 15 (D) 20

n
14. The sum  (r + 1) Cr2 is equal to :
r0

n  2 2n  1 ! n  2 2n  1 ! n  2 2n  1 ! n  2 2n  1 !

(A) n ! n  1 ! (B) n ! n  1 ! (C) n ! n  1 ! (D) n ! n  1 !

15. If (1 + x + x2 + x3)5 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 +....................... + a15x15, then a10 equals to :

(A) 99 (B) 101 (C) 100 (D) 110

n
 1 
16. The number of terms in the expansion of  x 2  1   , n  N, is :
 x2 
(A) 2n (B) 3n (C) 2n + 1 (D) 3n + 1

PART - II : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

20
3 1 
1. In the expansion of  4  4 
 6
(A) the number of irrational terms is 19 (B) middle term is irrational
(C) the number of rational terms is 2 (D) 9th term is rational

2. If coefficient of the rth term , (r+1)th term and (r+2)th term in the expansion of (1 + x)14 are in A.P. then r can
be?
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9

3. If in the expansion of (1 + x)m (1  x)n, the co-efficients of x and x2 are 3 and  6 respectively, then

(A) m+n=18 (B) m+n=21 (C) mn=72 (D) mn=108

4. If in the expansion of (1+ y)n, the coefficient of 5th, 6th and 7th terms are in A.P., then n is equal to-
(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 14 (D) 15
n
 1 5
5. If 4th term in the expansion of  px   is . then
 x 2
(A) n+2p=7 (B) n+2p=8 (C) np=3 (D) np = 6

6. The term which is rational in the expansion of  3  2

5 7 24
is 24
Cr (k )2 where k  N then r+k is equal
to ?
(A) 16 (B) 18 (C) 20 (D) 22

21
Binomial Theorem

7. If coefficient of four consecutive terms in the binomial expansion of a  bx n are 14,84,280 amd 560
then
(A) n+a+b=10
(B) n+a+b=12
(C) sum of binomial coefficients of thses four terms is 90
(D) sum of binomial coefficients of thses four terms is 98
n
3 x 1
8. In the expansion of    when x= ,it is known that 6th term is the greatest term Then
 2 3  2
(A) number of such possible positive integral values of n are 9
(B) number of such possible positive integral values of n are 11
(C) sum of all possible integral values of n is 495
(D) sum of all possible integral values of n is 594

9. 79 + 97 is divisible by :
(A) 16 (B) 24 (C) 64 (D) 72

n
r 1
10. The sum of the series  (1) . n Cr (a  r)
r 1

(A) 5 if a = 5 (B) –5 if a = 5 (C) –5 if a = –5 (D) 5 if a = –5

1000n
11. Let an  for n  N, then an is greatest, when
n!
(A) n = 997 (B) n = 998 (C) n = 999 (D) n = 1000

12. 1. n C0  2. n C2  3. n C 4  4. n C 6 ...........  213 then n is divisible by

(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 12

n
13. C0 – 2.3 nC1 + 3.32 nC2 – 4.33 nC3 +..........+ (–1)n (n +1) nCn 3n is equal to
n  3n  n 3
(A) 2   1 if n is even
 (B) 2  n   if n is even
2 2

n  3n  n 3
(C) 2   1 if n is odd
 (D) 2  n   if n is odd
2 2

14. Element in set of values of r for which, 18Cr – 2 + 2. 18Cr–1 + 18Cr 20C13 is :
(A) 9 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 10

15. The expansion of (3x + 2)–1/2 is valid in ascending powers of x, if x lies in the interval.
(A) (0, 2/3) (B) (–3/2, 3/2) (C) (–2/3, 2/3) (D) (, –3/2) (3/2, )

16. If (1 + 2x + 3x2)10 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 +.... + a20x20, then :

(A) a1 = 20 (B) a2 = 210 (C) a4 = 8085 (D) a20 = 22. 37. 7

17. In the expansion of (x + y + z)25

(A) every term is of the form 25Cr. rCk. x25 – r. yr – k. zk
(B) the coefficient of x8 y9 z9 is 0
(C) the number of terms is 351
(D) sum of the coefficient of all the terms is 3 25

18. If (1 + x + 2x2)20 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 +......... + a40x40, then a0 + a2 + a4.......+ a38 is equal to :
(A) 219 (230 + 1) (B) 219(220 – 1) (C) 239 – 219 (D) 239 + 219

22
Binomial Theorem
2n
 n  1
19. nn  is (n  N)
 2 
3 3
 n  1  n  1
(A) Less than  (B) Greater than or equal to 
 2   2 
(C) Less than (n!)3 (D) Greater than or equal to (n!)3.

20. If recursion polynomials Pk(x) are defined as P1(x) = (x – 2)2, P2 (x) = ((x – 2)2 – 2)2
P3 (x) = ((x – 2)2 – 2)2 – 2)2 .......... (In general Pk (x) = (Pk – 1 (x) – 2)2, then the constant term in
Pk (x) is
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 16 (D) a perfect square

Exercise-3 (Gold)
PART - I : SINGLE AND DOUBLE DIGIT INTEGER TYPE/NUMERICAL VALUE

1. If in the expansion of (1+ x)2n, the coefficient of 2th, 3th and 4th terms are in A.P., then 8n is equal
to?

2. If a, b, c & d are the coefficients of any four consecutive terms in the expansion of (1 + x)n, n  N,

a c kb
then   ,then value of k is
ab c d bc

1 1 1 1 2
3. If    .......   (2k 1  1) then find the value of k.
1!10! 2!9! 3!8! 10!1! k!

8
 1 2 
4. If the 6th term in the expansion of  8/3  x log10 x  is 5600, then x =
x 

5. The number of values of ‘ x ‘ for which the fourth term in the expansion,
8
 25 log5 4x  44 1 
5 
log5 3 x 1  is 336, is :
 5 2  7

6. If second, third and fourth terms in the expansion of (x + a)n are 240, 720 and 1080 respectively, then n is
equal to

2001
1 
7. If sum of the roots (real or complex) of the equation x2001 +   x  = 0 is 10k then k is?
2 

8. If coefficient of x 49 in (1  x )101(1  x  x 2 )100 is 100

c r (r > 20) then r is equal to ?

n
 x 5x

9. In the expansion of  3 4  3 4  , the sum of the binomial coefficients is 256 and four times the term with
 
greatest binomial coefficient exceeds the square of the third term by 21n, then find 4x.

23
Binomial Theorem

19
( 2)k 
10. If   then find 
k 1 k!(19  k)! 19!

11. If the number of divisors of the number

N = 2000C1 + 2 · 2000C2 + 3 · 2000C3 + ...... + 2000 · 2000C2000. are K then sum of digits of K is

12. The value of p, for which coefficient of x50 in the expression

(1 + x)1000 + 2x (1 + x)999 + 3x² (1 + x)998 +..... + 1001 x1000 is equal to 1002Cp , is :

 31001 
13. If { x } denotes the fractional part of ' x ', then 82  
 82 

n
x 2
14. The index ' n ' of the binomial   if the only 9th term of the expansion has numerically the greatest
5 5 
coefficient (n  N), is :

39
15. The number of values of ' r ' satisfying the equation, C3r 1  39 Cr 2  39 Cr 2 1  39 C3r
2

 x x2 x3 x n  4
16. Coefficient of x in the expansion of  1    .......... .... 
n
1! 2! 3! n !  is 45 then value of n is equal to
 

17. Find the value of

6
C0. 12C6.– 6C111C6 + 6C2 10C6 – 6C3 . 9C6 + 6C4 . 8C6 – 6C5 . 7C6 + 6C6 . 6C6

2 1
 n k3  Ck  
18. If n is a positive integer & Ck = Ck,   n
 find the value of
 k 1 n(n  1)2 .(n  2)  Ck 1  

n
( 1)r .Cr 1
19. If  (r  1)(r  2)(r  3)  a(n  b) , then a + b is
r 0

100
100
20. If  Cm .m C97  2 . 100 C97 Then value of is :
m  97

21. If (1 + x + x² +... + xp)6 = a0 + a1x + a2x²+...+a6p x6p, then the value of :

1
[a + 2a2 + 3a3 +.... + 6p a6p] is :
p(p  1)6 1

22. If (2nC1)² + 2. (2nC2)² + 3. (2nC3)² +... + 2n. (2nC2n)² = 18 . 4n–1C2n-1, then n is :

23. If (1 – x)–7 = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + a3 x3 +........, and the value of, a0 + a1 + a2 +....... + a7 is p C q then pq

is equal to

24
Binomial Theorem
PART - II : MATCH THE COLUMN & COMPREHENSIONS

1. Column – I Column – II

(A) If (r + 1)th term is the first negative term in the expansion (p) divisible by 2
of (1 + x)7/2 , then the value of r (where 0 < x < 1) is

(B) If the sum of the co-efficients in the expansion of (q) divisible by 5

(1 + 2x)n is 6561, and Tr is the greatest term
in the expansion for x = 1/2 then r is

n
(C) Cr is divisible by n, (1 < r < n) if n is (r) divisible by 10

(D) The coefficient of x4 in the expression (s) a prime number

(1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + ......up to )1/2 is c, (c  N),
then c + 1 (where | x | < 1) is

Comprehension # 1 (Q. No. 2 to 4)

Consider, sum of the series  f (i) f ( j)

0  i  j n

In the given summation, i and j are not independent.

n n n   n 
In the sum of series  i 1 j 1
f(i)    fi   f(j)  i and j are independent. In this summation, three
i 1   j 1 
types of terms occur, those when i < j, i > j and i = j.
Also, sum of terms when i < j is equal to the sum of the terms when i > j if f(i) and f(j) are symmetrical. So,
n n

in that case  f (i) f ( j)   f (i) f ( j)   f (i) f ( j)   f (i) f ( j)

i 1 j1 0  i  j n 0  i  j n i j

n n

 f (i) f ( j)  2  f (i) f ( j)   f (i) f ( j)

i 1 j1 0  i  j n i j

n n

 f (i) f ( j)   f (i) f ( j)
i1 j1 i j
  f (i) f ( j) 
0  i  j n
2

When f(i) and f(j) are not symmetrical, we find the sum by listing all the terms.

n
 Ci n C j
2. is equal to
0 i jn

22n  2n Cn 22n  2n Cn 22n  n Cn 22n  n Cn

(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2

n m
n m
3. 0
Let C0 = 1, then 
m  0 p 0
Cm Cp is equal to

(A) 2n –1 (B) 3n (C) 3n–1 (D) 2n

25
Binomial Theorem
n
 Ci  n C j
4.
0 i jn

(A) (n + 2)2n (B) (n + 1)2n (C) (n – 1)2n (D) (n + 1)2n–1

Comprehension # 2 (Q. No. 5 to 7)

Let P be a product given by P = (x + a1) (x + a2) ......... (x + an)
n

and Let S1 = a1 + a2 + ....... + an = a i , S2 =  a .a

i j
i j , S3 =    a .a .a
i j  k
i j k and so on, then it can
i 1

be shown that
P = xn + S1 xn – 1 + S2 xn – 2 + ......... + Sn.

5. The coefficient of x8 in the expression (2 + x)2 (3 + x)3 (4 + x)4 must be

(A) 26 (B) 27 (C) 28 (D) 29

6. The coefficient of x203 in the expression (x – 1) (x2 – 2) (x3 – 3) .......... (x20 – 20) must be
(A) 11 (B) 12 (C) 13 (D) 15

7. The coefficient of x98 in the expression of (x – 1) (x – 2) ......... (x – 100) must be

(A) 12 + 22 + 32 + ....... + 1002
(B) (1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + 100)2 – (12 + 22 + 32 + ....... + 1002)
1
(C) [(1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + 100)2 – (12 + 22 + 32 + ....... + 1002)]
2
(D) None of these

Comprehension # 3 (Q.No. 8 to 10)

Let (7  4 3)n = I + f = nC0.7n + nC1.7n – 1. (4 3)1 + ....... .............(i)
where I & f are its integral and fractional parts respectively.
It means 0 < f < 1
Now, 0<7–4 3<1 0 < (7 – 4 3 )n < 1
Let (7 – 4 3 )n = f' = nC0.7n – nC1.7n – 1 .(4 3 )1 + ....... .............(ii)
 0 < f' < 1
Adding (i) and (ii) (so that irrational terms cancelled out)
I + f + f' = (7 + 4 3 )n + (7 – 4 3 )n
= 2 [nC0 7n + nC2 7n – 2 (4 3 )2 + ..........]
I + f + f' = even integer  (f + f' must be an integer)
0 < f + f' < 2  f + f' = 1
with help of above analysis answer the following questions.

8*. If (3 3 + 5)n = p + f, where p is an integer and f is a proper fraction, then find the value of
(3 3 – 5)n , n  N is
(A) 1 – f, if n is even (B) f, if n is even (C) 1 – f, if n is odd (D) f, if n is odd

9*. If (9  80)n = I + f, where I, n are integers and 0 < f < 1, then :

(A) I is an odd integer (B) I is an even integer (C) (I + f) (1 – f) = 1 (D) 1 – f = (9  80)n

10*. The integer just above ( 3  1)2n is, for all n  N.

(A) divisible by 2n (B) divisible by 2n1 (C) divisible by 8 (D) divisible by 16

26
Binomial Theorem

Exercise-4 (Platinum)

PART - I : JEE MAIN QUESTIONS

1. The coefficient of x7 in the expansion of (1 – x – x2 + x3)6 is : [AIEEE 2011 (4, –1), 120]
(1) 144 (2) – 132 (3) – 144 (4) 132

2. If n is a positive integer, then  3  12n

–  3  1 2n
is : [AIEEE-2012, (4, –1)/120]
(1) an irrational number (2) an odd positive integer
(3) an even positive integer (4) a rational number other than positive integers
10
 x 1 x 1 
3. The term independent of x in expansion of  2 / 3   is : [AIEEE - 2013, (4, –1),120]
x  x  1 x  x 1/ 2 
1/ 3

(1) 4 (2) 120 (3) 210 (4) 310

4. If the coefficients of x3 and x4 in the expansion of (1 + ax + bx2) (1 – 2x)18 in powers of x are both zero, then
(a, b) is equal to [JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
 272   272   251  251
(1)  14, (2)  16, (3)  16, (4)  14,
3  3  3  3 

5. The sum of coefficients of integral powers of x in the binomial expansion of (1 – 2 x )50 is :

[JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – 1), 120]
1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50
(1) (3 + 1) (2) (3 ) (3) (3 – 1) (4) (2 + 1)
2 2 2 2

6. The value of (21C1 – 10C1) + (21C2 – 10C2) + (21C3 – 10C3) + (21C4 – 10C4) +........+ (21C10 – 10C10) is
[JEE(Main) 2017, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 221 – 211 (2) 221 – 210 (3) 220 – 29 (4) 220 – 210

5 5
7. 
The sum of the co-efficients of all odd degree terms in the expansion of x  x 3  1  x  x 3  1 ,   
(x > 1) is :
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) –1 (4) 0

2403 k
8. If the fractional part of the number is , then k is equal to :
15 15
[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (09-01-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 14 (2) 8 (3) 6 (4) 4

3
 1 t6 
9. The coefficient of t in the expansion of 
4  [JEE(Main) 2019, Online (09-01-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]

 1 t 
(1) 14 (2) 15 (3) 10 (4) 12

27
Binomial Theorem

20 3
 20 
Ci1
  k , then k equals :
10. If  

i 1 
20
Ci  Ci1 
20 21
[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (10-01-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]

(1) 50 (2) 400 (3) 200 (4) 100

25

11. If 
r 0
50

Cr .50  r C25  r  K  50

C25 , then K is equal to : [JEE(Main) 2019, Online (10-01-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]

(1) 225 (2) 225 – 1 (3) (25)2 (4) 224

12. The value of r for which 20Cr 20C0 + 20Cr-1 20C1 + 20Cr-2 20C2 + ... + 20C0 20Cr is maximum is
[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (11-01-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 15 (2) 20 (3) 11 (4) 10

2 n
 q  1  q  1  q  1
13. Let Sn = 1 + q + q2 + …. + qn and Tn  1       .........   where q is a real number and
 2   2   2 
q  1. If 101C1 + 101C2 . S1 + …..+ 101C101 . S100 = T100 then  is equal to
[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (11-01-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 200 (2) 299 (3) 2100 (4) 202

a2
14. Let (x + 10)50 + (x - 10)50 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + ... + a50x50, for all x  R; then a is equal to:
0

[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (11-01-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]

(1) 12.50 (2) 12.00 (3) 12.25 (4) 12.75

15. The sum of the series 2.20C0 + 5.20C1 + 8.20C2 + 11.20C3 + ... + 62.20C20 is equal to:
[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (08-04-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 226 (2) 225 (3) 223 (4) 224
6
 1 1 
 1logx 10 12

16. If the fourth term in the binomial expansion of  x  x  is equal to 200, and x > 1, then the value
 
 
of x is [JEE(Main) 2019, Online (08-04-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 100 (2) 10 (3) 103 (4) 104

17. If some three consectutive coefficients in the binomial expansion of (x + 1)n in powers of x are in the ratio
2 : 15 : 70, then the average of these three coefficients is:
[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (09-04-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 964 (2) 232 (3) 227 (4) 625
n
 2 1  n
18. The smallest natural number n, such that the coefficient of x in the expansion of  x  3  is C 23 , is :
 x 
[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (10-04-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 38 (2) 58 (3) 23 (4) 35

19. The coefficient of x18 in the product (1 + x)(1 – x)10(1 + x + x2)9 is

[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (12-04-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 84 (2) -126 (3) -84 (4) 126

20. If 20C1 + (22) 20C2 + (32) 20C3 + ..... + (202) 20C20 = A(2), then the ordered pair (A, ) is equal to :
[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (12-04-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]
(1) (420, 19) (2) (420, 18) (3) (380, 18) (4) (380, 19)

28
Binomial Theorem

21. If sum of all the coefficient of even powers in (1 - x + x2 - x3 .... x2n) (1+ x + x2 + x3 .... + x2n) is 61 then n is
equal to [JEE(Main) 2020, Online (07-01-20),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 30 (2) 32 (3) 28 (4) 36

22. If  36

Cr 1  k 2  3  35
Cr 6, then number of ordered pairs (r, k) are - (where k   ).
[JEE(Main) 2020, Online (07-01-20),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 6 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4

23. Coefficient of x7 in (1 + x)10 + x(1 + x)9 + x2(1 + x)8 + ...... + x10 is-
[JEE(Main) 2020, Online (07-01-20),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 330 (2) 210 (3) 420 (4) 260

24. Find the coefficient of x4 in (1 + x + x2)10 [JEE(Main) 2020, Online (09-01-20),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]

25. If 25C0 + 5 25C1 + 9 25C2 ..... 101 25C25 = 225 k find k = ? [JEE(Main) 2020, Online (09-01-20),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]

16
 x 1       L2
26. If minimum value of term free from x for    is L1 in    ,  and L2 in    ,  find
 sin  x cos    8 4   16 8  L1 .
[JEE(Main) 2020, Online (09-01-20),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]

PART - II : JEE (ADVANCED) / PREVIOUS YEARS SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. Prove that [IIT-JEE-2003, Main, (2, 0), 60]

 n  n n
k 1   
n  1  n  n  2  n  n  k   n
2k      2      2k  2      ...........  ( 1)k    
 0  k   1   k  1  2  k  2  k   0   k 

2. The value of [IIT-JEE 2005, Scr, (3, – 1), 84]

 30   30   30   30   30   30   30   30 
    –    +    – .......... +     is :
0  10   1  11   2  12
   20   30 

 60   30   30 
(A)  20  (B) 10  (C)   (D) None of these
    15 

3. For r = 0, 1, ...., 10, let Ar, Br and Cr denote, respectively, the coefficient of xr in the expansions of
10
10 20
(1 + x) , (1 + x) and (1 + x) . Then 30
 A (B
r 1
r 10B r  C10 A r ) is equal to

[IIT-JEE 2010, Paper-2, (5, –2)/79]

(A) B10 – C10 (B) A10 (B210 – C10 A10) (C) 0 (D) C10 – B10

4. The coefficients of three consecutive terms of (1 + x)n+5 are in the ratio 5 : 10 : 14. Then n =
[JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (4, – 1)/60]

5. Coefficient of x11 in the expansion of (1 + x2)4 (1 + x3)7 (1 + x4)12 is

[JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
(A) 1051 (B) 1106 (C) 1113 (D) 1120

29
Binomial Theorem
6. The coefficient of x 9 in the expansion of (1 + x) (1 + x2) (1 + x3) ......(1 + x100) is
[JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-2 (4, 0) / 80]

7. Let m be the smallest positive integer such that the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of
(1 + x)2 + (1 + x)3 +........+ (1 + x)49 + (1 + mx)50 is (3n + 1) 51C3 for some positive integer n.
Then the value of n is [JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-1, (3, 0)/62]

8. Let X = (10C1)2 + 2(10C2)2 + 3(10C3)2 + ....... + 10(10C10)2 where 10

Cr , r  {1, 2, ......., 10} denote binomial
1
coefficients. Then the value of X is ___________. [JEE (Advanced) 2018, Paper-1, (3, 0)/60]
1430

9. For non negative integers s and r, let

 s!
s  if r  s
    r! (s  r )!
r   0 if r  s

for positive integers m and n, let
mn
f (m, n, p)
g(m, n)   n  p
p 0
 
 p 
where for any non negative integer p,
p
 m  n  i  p  n
f (m, n, p)    i  
i 0
 
p   p  i 
Then which of the following statement is/are TRUE? [JEE (Advanced) 2020, Paper-2,]
(A) g(m, n) = g(n, m) for all positive integers m, n
(B) g(m, n + 1) = g(m + 1, n) for all positive integers m, n
(C) g(2m, 2n) = 2g (m, n) for all positive integers m, n
(D) g(2m, 2n) = (g (m, n))2 for all positive integers m, n

30
Binomial Theorem

Answers
EXERCISE - 1
PART - I
Section (A) :
5 3 3 5
 2  2  2  x  x  x
A-1. (i)  x   5  x   10  x   10  2   5  2    2 

32 16
(ii) y8  8y5  24y 2  
y y4
A-2. n=9 A-3. 55 A-4. n=7

11 a6 11 a5
A-5. (i) 9C3 (ii) –27 . 12C7 A-7. C5 , C6 , ab = 1
b5 b6
17 n4
A-8. A-9. A-10. 33
54 5
A-11. (i) 171 (ii) –438 A-12. (i) 990 (ii) 3660
A-13. 15

Section (B) :
35x 35y (2n)! n
B-1. (i)  , (ii) ( 1)
n
x B-3. 1120
y x n! n!

3
B-4.  B-5. (i) 4 (iii) 3, 03, 803
10
B-6. 21 B-7. 10150 B-8. 12
C6
B-9. (i) T4 = – 455 × 312 and T5 = 455 × 312 (ii) 22
B-10. (i) T4 (ii) T5, T6 (iii) T5 (iv) T6

Section (C) :
1 2n!
C-2. (i) 1 (ii) 7 and 4 C-3. (n  1)2 2n1 
2 n! n!

2(2n  1) 1
C-6. C-7. (n  2)2n2 
n 1 2

Section (D) :
15015
D-1. D-2. (i) 142 (ii) – 197 D-4. 0
16
D-5. 8th term D-6. (i) 280 (ii) 25

bn  1 – an  1
D-7. 20 D-8. 2 D-9.
b–a

31
Binomial Theorem

PART - II
Section (A) :
A-1. (C) A-2. (A) A-3. (C) A-4. (A) A-5. (B)
A-6. (D) A-7. (A) A-8. (A) A-9. (B) A-10. (B)
A-11. (C) A-12. (C) A-13. (C) A-14. (B) A-15. (B)
A-16. (B)

Section (B) :
B-1. (B) B-2. (B) B-3. (C) B-4. (D) B-5. (D)
B-6. (C) B-7. (A) B-8. (A) B-9. (A) B-10. (A)
B-11. (A) B-12. (B)

Section (C) :
C-1. (B) C-2. (B) C-3. (B) C-4. (C) C-5. (C)
C-6. (B) C-7. (A) C-8. (B)

Section (D) :
D-1. (D) D-2. (D) D-3. (C) D-4. (B) D-5. (D)
D-6. (D) D-7. (C) D-8. (D)

EXERCISE - 2
PART - I
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (C) 4. (C) 5. (B)
6. (D) 7. (A) 8. (C) 9. (C) 10. (B)
11. (C) 12. (A) 13. (C) 14. (A) 15. (B)
16. (C)

PART - II
1. (ABCD) 2. (AD) 3. (BD) 4. (AC) 5. (AC)
6. (AC) 7. (AD) 8. (BD) 9. (AC) 10. (AC)
11. (CD) 12. (ABD) 13. (AC) 14. (ACD) 15. (AC)
16. (ABC) 17. (ABCD) 18. (BC) 19. (BD) 20. (AD)

EXERCISE - 3
PART - I

1. 28 2. 2 3. k = 11 4. 10 5. 2
6. 5 7. 50 8. 84 9. 2 10. 2
11. 15 12. 50 13. 3 14. n = 12 15. 2
16. 6 17. 1 18. 12 19. 5 20. 3
21. 3 22. 9 23. 98

PART - II
1. (A)  (q, s), (B)  (q,s), (C)  (s), (D)  (p, s)
2. (A) 3. (B) 4. (A) 5. (D) 6. (C)
7. (C) 8. (AD) 9. (ACD) 10. (ABC)

32
Binomial Theorem

EXERCISE - 4
PART - I
1. (3) 2. (1) 3. (3) 4. (2) 5. (1)
6. (4) 7. (2) 8. (2) 9. (2) 10. (4)
11. (1) 12. (2) 13. (3) 14. (3) 15. (2)
16. (2) 17. (2) 18. (1) 19. (1) 20. (2)
21. (1) 22. (4) 23. (3) 24. 615 25. 51
26. 16

PART - II
2. (B) 3. (D) 4. 6 5. (C) 6. 8
7. 5 8. 646 9. (ABD)

33
Binomial Theorem

Exercise-5 (Diamond)
PART - I : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
n 4

1. Let (1+x²)² . (1+x) = n

a k . x k . If a , a & a are in AP, then sum of all possible values of n is
1 2 3
k 0
(A) 5 (B) 7 (C) 9 (D) 11

2. Identify incorrect statement

2n 2n
r r
(A) If  a x  2   b x  3
r 0
r
r 0
r & ak = 1 for all k  n, then bn = 2n+1Cn+1.

(B) 13 99  19 93 is divisible by 162.

(C) 25n – 20n – 8n + 3n, n I+ is divisible by 85.
(D) Remainder when 1690 2608  26081690 is divided by 7 is equal to 2.

10!
3. Value of 
a b c 10
a! b! c! is equal to ?

(A) 210 (B) 310 (C) 410 (D) 610

1 n
4. If (1  ) < P then least integral value of P is equal to (n  N)?
n
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

m
 log(10 3 x )   5 ( x  2) log 3 
5. the sum of aa the values of x for which 6th term of  2  2  is equal to 21 and
   
binomial coefficients of 2nd, 3rd and 4th term are the first ,third and fifth term of an A.P.
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

9
5
 2 1   
 x 3  4x 3  4   1  1 
6. Find the term independent of x in the expansion of    1 2 1 
   x 3  1 x 3  x 3  1 

(A) 144 (B) 154 (C) 168 (D) 181

7. Coefficient of x 3 in the expansion of (1  9 x  20 x 2 )1

(A) 61 (B) 102 (C) 231 (D) 369

8. If 11
C 4  4 C310 C 4  5 C3 .9 C 4  .......10 C3 .4 C 4  x C y then greatest possible value of x+y will be equal to
(A) 21 (B) 22 (C) 23 (D) 24

34
Binomial Theorem
9. Identify incorrect statement
1
(A)
100
C0
100
C 2  100 C 2
100
C 4 100 C 4
100
C 6  .......100 C 98 .100 C100 
2

200
C 98 100 C 49 
100 1  200! 100! 
(B) ( C 0 )2 (100 C 2 )2 (100 C 4 )2  .......... (100 C100 )2    
2  (100! )2 (50! )2 

(C) n C0 2n Cn  n C1 2n2 Cn  n C2 2n4 Cn  ............  2n

(D) If n is an integer greater than 1,then a – nC1(a – 1) + nC2(a – 2) – ..... + (– 1)n (a – n) = a

10. If S = 404 C4 – 4C1. 303C4 + 4C2. 202C4 – 4C3. 101C4 = (101)k then k equals to :
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 6

3n
6n
11.  C2k 1( 3)k is equal to :
k 1

(A) – 1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2

12. coefficient of x49 in

 C1   2 C2   2 C3 
 2 C50

 x  C   x  2 C   x  3 C  ..........  x  50 C  is equal to
0 1 2 49

where Cr = 50Cr
(A) 2100 (B) 21200 (C) 22100 (D) 22200

6
6  2 
13. The expression,  2x 2  1  2x 2  1     is a polynomial of degree.
 2x 2  1  2x 2  1
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C)7 (D) 8

n  r 1 n 
14.    Cr r Cp 2p  gives a remainder k when divided by 3 then k is
r 1 p 0 
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) depends upon n

15. 1.2 100 Cr  2.3100 Cr 1  3.4100 Cr 2  .......  ( 1)r (r  1)(r  2)  k. mCr then k+m is equal to ?
(A) 98 (B) 99 (C) 100 (D) 101

16. If coefficient of x 2r is greater than half of the coefficient of x 2r 1 in the expansion of (1  x )15 then sum of
possible values of r is equal to ?
(A) 23 (B) 24 (C) 25 (D) 26

a7
17. If (2  x  x 2 )10  a 0  a1x  a 2 x 2 ........  a 20 x 20 then a is equal to ?
13
(A) 8 (B) 16 (C) 32 (D) 64

18. Number of rational terms in the expansion of (1  2  5)6

(A) 7 (B) 10 (C) 6 (D) 8

19. If (1 + x)10 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 +......+ a10x10, then value of

(a0 – a2 + a4 – a6 + a8 – a10)2 + (a1 – a3 + a5 – a7 + a9)2 is
(A) 210 (B) 2 (C) 220 (D) None of these

35
Binomial Theorem

PART - II : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

n 1n 1 1 1 1 1 1
1. Show that C1  C 2  n C 3  n C 4 .......... ..  ( 1)n n C n  1    ...... 
2 3 4 n 2 3 n

2.
n

Show that Let I denotes the integral part & F the proper fractional part of 3  5 where n  N and if ρ 
denotes the rational part and σ the irrational part of the same, show that
1
ρ I 1 and σ  1 I 2F  1 .
2 2
2n 1
2n  1 r 1 r n
3. Prove that HM of
2n 1
Cr and 2n 1
Cr 1 is
n 1
times of 2n
Cr Hence Show that  (1)
r 1
2n
Cr

n 1

4. Determine constant term in the expansion of (1  x  x 2  x 3 )10 ans 11851

n
1 n 2n 2  (n  3) 2n 3  (n  4)  n3 C2
5.  (r  1)(r  3)
r 0
Cr 
(n  1)(n  2)

(n  1)(n  2)(n  3)

(1  x)n
6. If n is even natural and coefficient of xr in the expansion of is 2n, (|x| < 1), then prove that r  n
1 x

32
7. Find the remainder when 3232 is divided by 7.

 n
8. For any positive integer m,n (with n  m ) , let   = nCm prove that
 m

 n  n  1  n  2  m  n 1
  +   +   + ........ +   =   .Hence or otherwise show that
 m  m   m   m  m  1
 n  n  1  n  2  m  n2
  + 2   + 3   + ........ + (n  m + 1)   =   .
 m  m   m   m  m  2

9. If (1 + x)n = p0 + p1 x + p2 x2 + p3 x3 +......., then prove that :

n
(a) p0 – p2 + p4 – ....... = 2n/2 cos
4
n
(b) p1 – p3 + p5 – ....... = 2n/2 sin
4

10. Show that if the greatest term in the expansion of (1 + x)2n has also the greatest co-efficient, then ' x ' lies
n n1
between, & .
n1 n

11. Prove that if ' p ' is a prime number greater than 2, then [(2  5)p ]  2p 1 is divisible by p, where [ . ]
denotes greatest integer function.

36
Binomial Theorem
n
 1 3r 7r   1 
12. If  ( 1)r .n Cr   2r  3r  ............. to m terms   k  1  mn  , then find the value of k.
r 0  2r 2 2   2 

2 n
q  1  q  1  q  1
13. Given sn = 1 + q + q² +..... + qn & Sn = 1     ......   , q  1,
2  2   2 
prove that n+1C1 + n+1C2.s1 + n+1C3.s2 +....+ n+1Cn+1.sn = 2n. Sn.

14. If (1 + x)15 = C0 + C1. x + C2. x2 +.... + C15. x15, then find the value of : C2 + 2C3 + 3C4 +.... + 14C15

1 n 2 3 4 ( 1)n 1n n 1
15. Prove that, C1  n C2  n C3  n C4  ..........  . Cn 
2 3 4 5 n1 n1

n
2 n
16. Prove that r Cr pr qn  r  npq  n2p2 , if p + q = 1.
r 0

17. Prove that : (n–1)2 . C1 + (n –3)2 . C3 + (n – 5)2. C5 +..... = n (n + 1)2n–3

18. Prove that nCr + 2 n +1Cr + 3 n+2Cr +....... + (n + 1) 2nCr = nCr+2 + (n + 1) 2n + 1Cr+1 – 2n+1Cr+2

19. If (1 + x)n = C0 – C1x + C2x2 +......... + Cnxn, show that for m  2

C0 – C1 + C2 –......... + (– 1)m – 1Cm – 1 = (–1)m – 1 n – 1Cm – 1 .

20. If (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 +.... + Cn xn, then show that the sum of the products of the Ci’s taken two at a
  Ci Cj 2n !
time, represented by is equal to
0  i  j  n 2 (n !)2

n
r 1 1 1 1 1
21.  (1) 1    .....   n Cr 
r 1  2 3 r n

n n n n n
C0 C1 C2 C4 Cn 1  1 1 1 
22. 2
 2
 2
 2
 .......... .  ( 1)n 2
 1    ....  
1 2 3 4 (n  1) n  1 2 3 n  1

21
 Ci .21 C j
23. Evaluate where 0  i  10 , 0  j  10
i j

24.. If (1  px  x 2 )n  a 0  a1x  a 2 x 2 ......a 2n x 2n then show that

a 0  3a1  5a 2 ......  ( 4n  1)a 2n  (2n  1)(2  p)n

1 1 n2
25. Coefficient of x n in the expansion of is (3  2n  3  1)
(1  x )(1  2x )(1  3x ) 2

37
Binomial Theorem
26. If a0, a1, a2,..... be the coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x + x2)n in ascending powers of x, then prove that:
(i) a0 a1 – a1 a2 + a2 a3 – .... = 0
(ii) a0a2 – a1a3 + a2a4 –..... + a2n – 2 a2n = an + 1
(iii) E1 = E2 = E3 = 3n–1 ; where E1= a0 + a3 + a6 +... ; E2 = a1 + a4 + a7 +...& E3 = a2 + a5 + a8 +...

72 !
27. Prove that –1 is divisible by 73.
36 !2

28. If nJr =
1 x 1 x 1 x ......1 x  , prove that
n n 1 n 2 n r 1
n
Jn – r = nJr.
1 x 1 x 1 x .....1 x 
2 3 r

n
n
29. Prove that 
K 0
CK sin Kx.cos(n – K)x = 2n–1 sin nx .

30. The expressions 1 + x, 1+x + x2, 1 + x + x2 + x3,............. 1 + x + x2 +........... +xn are multiplied
together and the terms of the product thus obtained are arranged in increasing powers of x in the form
of a0 + a1x + a2x2 +................., then,
(a) how many terms are there in the product.
(b) show that the coefficients of the terms in the product, equidistant from the beginning and end are
equal.
n  1 !
(c) show that the sum of the odd coefficients = the sum of the even coefficients =
2

31. Find the coeff. of x6 in the expansion of (ax² + bx + c)9 .

n 1
32. (i) Show that C1  C 2  C 3  ......  C n  2 n  1 
2
1/ 2
(ii) for n  2 show that C1  C 2  C3  ......  C n  n 2 n  1   .

n 1
C2
n n 2 n 3 n 4
 2n 
n n
C
(iii) 1 ( C 2 ) ( C 3 ) ( C 4 ) ......( C n )   
 n  1
 
1/n
(n  1) p  (n  1)q  p 
33. If p is nearly equal to q and n > 1, show that  . Hence find the approximate
(n  1) p  (n  1)q  q 
1/6
 99 
value of 
 101

34. If (18x2 + 12x + 4)n = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + .... + a2n x2n , then prove that
ar = 2n 3r (2nCr + nC1 2n–2Cr + nC2 2n–4Cr + ...........)

Comprehension (Q-35 to Q.37)

For k, n  N, we define
B(k, n) = 1.2.3......... k + 2.3.4........(k+1) + .........+ n(n + 1).......(n + k – 1), S0(n) = n and Sk(n)
= 1k + 2k + ......... + nk.
To obtain value B(k, n), we rewrite B(k, n) as follows
B(k, n) = k! [kCk + k+1Ck + k+2Ck + ............ + n+k–1Ck] = k! (n+kCk+1)

38
Binomial Theorem

n(n  1).........(n  k) n n!
= where Ck 
k 1 k! (n  k)!

35. Prove that S2(n) + S1(n) = B(2, n)

36. Prove that S3(n) + 3S2(n) = B(3, n) – 2B(1, n)

37. If (1 + x)p = 1 + pC1 x + pC2x2 +..........+ pCp xp, p  N, then show that k+1
C1 Sk(n) + k+1
C2 Sk–1(n) +.........+
k+1
Ck S1(n) + k+1Ck+1 S0(n) = (n + 1)k+1 – 1

39
Binomial Theorem

Answers
PART - I

1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. (A) 5. (A)

6. (C) 7. (D) 8. (C) 9. (D) 10. (C)
11. (B) 12. (C) 13. (B) 14. (B) 15. (B)
16. (C) 17. (A) 18. (B) 19. (A)

PART - II

7. 4
1
12.
2n  1
14. 212993
1  40 1 42! 
23. 2  
2  2 (21! )2 

n2  n  2
30. (a)
2
31. 84b6c3 + 630ab4c4 + 756a2b2c5 + 84a3c6
1198
33.
1202

40
The Radiant Academy
Corporate Office: 7-8, Samta Nagar, Hiran Magri
Sector-3, Udaipur (Rajasthan)
Mob.: +91-9001053989 | +91-9461172001
Email: Info@theradiantacademy.com
Website: www.theradiantacademy.com
facebook.com/TheRadiant twitter.com/TheRadiant youtube.com/TheRadiant