BINOMIAL THEOREM

Total No. of questions in Binomial Theorem are-

In Chapter Examples 16
Solved Examples 29

Total No. of questions ................................................ 45

1. BINOMIAL EXPRESSIONS
An algebraic expression containing two terms
is called a binomial expression.
For example , 2x + 3, x2–x/3, x + a etc. are
Binomial Expressions.
2. BINOMIAL THEOREM
The rule by which any power of a binomial can be
expanded is called the Binomial Theorem.
3. BINOMIAL THEOREM FOR POSITIVE INTEGRAL
INDEX
If x and a are two real numbers and n is a positive
integer then
(x + a)n = nC0 x na0 + nC1xn–1a + nC2xn–2a2 +….....
+ nCrxn–rar +......+ nCnx0an.
Where nC0, nC1, nC2, n C3,...... n Cr..... are called
binomial coefficients which can be denoted by
C0, C1, C2, C3, .......Cr ......
3.3 Some deduction of Binomial Theorem :
3.1 General Term : In the expansion of (x+a)n, (r+1)th
term is called the general term which can be
represented by Tr +1.
T r + 1= nCr xn–r ar
= nCr( first term)n–r (second term)r.
Expansion of Positive Integral Index
Ex.1 The first four terms in the expansion of
(3x + 1/x)4 is -
(A) 81 x4–108 x2 + 54 – 12 x-2
(B) 81 x4+108 x2 + 54 + 12 x-2
(C) – 81 x4 –108 x2 – 54 – 12 x-2
(D) None of these
Sol. = 4C0(3x)4 + 4C1(3x)3(1/x) + 4C2 (3x) 2(1/x)2
+ 4C3 (3x) (1/x)3
= 81 x4+108 x2 + 54 + 12 x–2
Ans. [B]
Ex.2 The tenth term in the expansion of
(2x2+ 1/x)12 is –
(A) 1760/x3 (B) –1760/x3
2
(C) 1760/x (D) None of these
Sol. Comparing (2 x2 + 1/x)12 with ( X+ a) n.
n = 12, X = 2x2, a = 1/x.
 10 term = T10 = 12 C9(2 x2) 12–9(1/x)9
th
3.2 Characteristics of the expansion of (x + a)n
Observing to the expansion of (x + a)n, n N, we
find that-
(i) The total number of terms in the
expansion = (n + 1) i.e. one more than the index
n.
(ii) In every successive term of the expansion the
power of x (first term) decreases by 1and the
power of (second term) increases by 1. Thus in
every term of the expansion, the sum of the
powers of x and a is equal to n (index).
(iii) The binomial coefficients of the terms which are
at equidistant from the beginning and from the
end are always equal i.e.
n
Cr = nCn–-r
Thus nC0 = nCn, nC1 = nCn–1,
n
C2 = nCn–2 etc.
(iv) Cr–1 + C r = n+1Cr
n n
(i) Expansion of (x-a)n.
(x-a)n = nC0 xna0 – nC1xn–1 a1 + n C2xn-2a2– nC3xn–
3 3
a + .....+ (–1) r n C rx n –r a r + .. ....+
(–1)n nCn xo an
This expansion can be obtained by putting
(–a) in place of a in the expansion of (x+a)n.
General term = (r + 1)th term
T r+1= nCr( –1)r. xn–r ar
(ii) By putting x = 1 and a = x in the expansion of
(x + a) n , we get the f ollowing result
(1+x)n = nC0 + nC1 x + nC2 x2+ ....+ nCr xr + .......+
n
Cn xn
which is the standard form of binomial
expansion.
General term = (r + 1)th term
T r+1 = nCr x r
n(n  1)(n  2).......(n  r  1) r
= .x
r!
(iii) By putting (–x) in place of x in the expansion of
(1+ x)n
(1–x)n = n C0– n C1 x + n C2 x 2 – nC3x 3 + .....
+ (–1)r nCrx r +......+ nCnxn.
General term = (r + 1)th term
T r+1 = (–1)r. nCr x r

= 12C9.8.1/x3 n (n  1)(n  2).......(n  r  1)

3
= (–1)r . . xr
or T10= 1760/x Ans.[A] r!
4. NUMBER OF TERMS IN THE EXPANSION OF Middle term in the expansion of (x + a)n
(x + y + z)n
(x + y + z)n can be expanded as- Ex.4 The middle term in the expansion of (x + 4) 4 is
(x + y + z )n = {(x + y) + z }n
(A) 96 x3 (B) 96 x2
= (x + y)n + nC1(x + y)n–1.z + nC2(x + y)n–2 z2+
......+ nCn zn. (C) – 96 x2 (D) None of these
= (n + 1) terms + n terms + (n–1) terms Sol. Here n = 4 is even so there is only one middle
+ .........+ 1 term
 Total number of terms = (n +1) + n + 4
(n –1) + ....+ 1 term which is   + 1 = 3rd term.
2
(n  1)(n  2)
= Therefore, middle term = T3= 4C2(x)2(4)2
2
= 96x2
Examples
based on Number of terms in the expansion of (x + y + z)n Ans. [B]

Ex.3 The number of terms in the expansion of

Ex.5 The middle terms in the expansion (x+6)7 is-
(x + y + 2z)8 is -
(A) 45 (B) 46 (A) 7560 x4, – 45360 x3
(C) 48 (D) 50 (B) –7560 x4, –45360 x3
Sol.  n = 8 and from the above given formula we (C) 7560 x4, 45360 x3
have
(D) None of these
(8  1)(8  2)
Number of terms = = 45. Sol. Here n = 7 is odd so there are two middle terms
2
Ans.[A] 7  1 th 73
which are = 4 term and = 5th term.
2 2
5. MIDDLE T ERM IN T HE EXPANSION OF Hence middle terms T4= 7C3x4.63 = 7560 x4
(x + a)n
T5 = 7C4x3.64 = 45360 x3.
(a) If n is even, then the number of terms in the Ans.[C]
expansion i.e. (n+1) is odd, therefore, there will
th
Ex.6 The term which has the greatest binomial
n  2 coefficient in the expansion of (x2 + 2/x)6 is–
be only one middle term which is  
 2  (A) 3rd (B) 4th
th
n  (C) 5th (D) 6th
term. i.e.   1 term.
2  Sol. We know that Binomial Coefficient of middle
th
n  term is the greatest Binomial coefficient.
so middle term =   1 term.
2  Since n = 6 is even, So the middle term is Tn/2+1
 middle term = n/2 + 1 = 3 + 1  4th term.
(b) If n is odd, then the number of terms in the
expansion i.e. (n +1) is even, therefore there
Ans.[B]
will be twomiddle terms which are
 n  1
th
n  3
th 6. TO DETERMINE A PARTICULAR TERM IN THE
=  and   term. EXPANSION
 2   2 
n
Note : (i) When there are two middle terms in the   1 
In the expansion of  x    , if xm occurs in Tr+1,
expansion then their Binomial coefficients  x 
are equal. then r is given by
n – r ( + ) = m
(ii) Binomial coefficient of middle term is the
greatest Binomial coefficient. n  m
 r=

 Thus in above expansion if constant term i.e. the Ex.9 The 4th term from the end in the expansion of
term which is independent of x, occurs in Tr+1 (2x -1/x2) 10 is–
then r is determined by (A) 960 x–11 (B) 960 x–12
–12
n – r ( + ) = 0 (C) –960 x (D) –960 x–11
Sol. Required term = T10-4+2 = T8
n
r = = 10C7(2x) 3(-1/x2)7

= – 960 x–11 Ans.[D]
Examples
based on To find a particular term in the expansion
8. BINOMIAL COEFFICIENTS & THEIR
Ex.7 The term independent of x in the expansion of PROPERTIES
9
4 2 3  In the expansion of (1+ x) n ; i.e.(1+ x) n = nC0+ nC1x
 x   is -
3 2x  + ........+ nCr xr + ....+ nCnxn

(A) 5th (B) 6th The coefficients nC0, nC1 ,nCn of various powers
(C) 7th (D) 8th of x, are called binomial coefficients and they are
written as
Sol. Here comparing
C0, C1, C2,......,Cn
9 n
4 2 3   1  Hence
 x   with  x    
 3 2 x   x  (1+x)n = C0+C1x + C2x2+.....+ Crxr + ......+ Cnxn
We get = 2 , = 1, n = 9 ...(1)
9(2) n(n  1)
r = =6
2 1 Where C0 = 1, C1 = n, C2= 2!
 (6 + 1) = 7th term is independent of x.
Ans.[C] n(n  1)......(n  r  1)
Cr = , Cn = 1
r!
Ex.8 The co-efficient of x 39 in the expansion of
(x4 –1/x3) 15 is– Now, we shall obtain some important expressions
(A) 455 (B) – 455 involving binomial coefficients-
(C) 105 (D) None of these (a) Sum of Coefficient : putting x = 1 in (1), we
Sol. From above formula get

15( 4)  39 C0+ C1 + C2 + ......+ Cn = 2n ...(2)

r= =3
43 (b) Sum of coefficients with alternate signs :
 The required term = T 4 = 15
C 3 (x 4 ) 12 putting x = –1 in(1)
(–1/x3) 3 We get
= – 455 x39 C0- C1 + C2 – C3 + ...... = 0 ...(3)
39
 coefficient of x = – 455. (c) Sum of coefficients of even and odd terms:
Ans.[B]
from (3), we have
C0+ C2+ C4 + .......= C1+ C3+ C5 + ........ ...(4)
7. TO FIND A TERM FROM THE END IN THE
EXPANSION OF (X+A)N i.e. sum of coefficients of even and odd terms
are equal.
It can be easily seen that in the expansion of
(x+a)n. from (2) and (4)
(r+1)th term from end = (n-r+1) th term from beginning.  C0+ C2 + ........= C1+ C3 + .......= 2n–1
i.e. Tr+1(E) = Tn–r+ 1 (B) (d) Sum of products of coefficients : Replacing
 Tr(E) = Tn–r+2 (B) x by 1/x in (1)
 We get
C1 C 2 Cn 2 n 1  1
n
C2 Cn  C0+ + +...+ = ...(12)
 1 C 2 3 n 1 n 1
1   = C + 1 + 2 + ....+ n + ....
 x 0
x x x Integrating (1) w.r.t. x between the limits
...(5) –1 to 0, we get
Multiplying (1) by (5), we get 0
 (1  x )n 1 
(1  x ) 2n  
= (C0+ C1x + C2x2 +....)  n  1  1
xn
0
C C2  x2 x3 C Xn 1 
(C0+ 1 + 2 + ....) = C0 x  C1  C2  ...  n 
x x  2 3 n  1 
1
Now, comparing coefficients of xr on both the
sides, we get C1 C 2 C3 ( 1)n .C n 1
 C0 – + – +...+ =
C0Cr + C1Cr+1 + .......+ Cn-r Cn = 2nC n-r 2 3 4 n 1 ( n  1)

2n! ...(13)
= ...(6)
(n  r )! (n  r )!
9. GREATEST TERM IN THE EXPANSION OF
(e) Sum of squares of coefficients :
(X + A) N
putting r = 0 in (6), we get
(a) The term in the expansion of (x+a)n of
2n! greatest coefficient
C02 + C12 + C22 + ......+ Cn2 =
n! n!  Tn 2 , when n is even
(f) putting r = 1 in (6), we get  2
= Tn 1 , Tn 3 , when n is odd
C0 C1 + C1C2 + C2C3 + .......+ Cn-1 Cn = 2nC n–1 
 2 2
2n! (b)The greatest term
= ...(7)
(n  1)! (n  1)!  (n  1)a
 Tp & Tp 1 when p  Z
(g) putting r = 2 in (6) , we get xa

=  (n  1)a (n  1)a
C0C2 + C1C3 + C2C4 +....+ Cn-2Cn = 2nCn-2 T when  Z and q  q 1
 q1 xa xa
2n!
= ... (8)
(n  2)! (n  2)!
Greatest Term and Greatest coefficient
(h) Differentiating both sides of (1) w.r.t. x, we get
Ex.10 The term which has the greatest coefficient
n(1+ x)n–1 = C1 + 2C2x + 3C3 x2 +......+ nCn x n–
1
in the expansion of (x + a)8 is–
(A) 3rd (B) 4th (C) 5th (D) 6th
Now putting x = 1 and x = – 1 respectively
Sol. Since n = 8 is even, therefore the term with
C1+ 2C2 +3C3+ .....+ nCn = n.2n–1 .....(9)
th
and C1 – 2C2+ 3C3 - .......= 0 ...(10) 8 2
greatest coefficient =   term = 5th term.
(i) adding (2) and (9)  2 
C0+ 2C1 + 3C2 + ....+ (n+1) Cn = 2 n–1 (n+2) Ans. [C]
...(11)
Ex.11 The greatest term in the expansion of
(j) Integrating (1) w.r.t. x between the limits 0 to 1,
we get, (2x + 7)10, when x = 3 is-
1 (A) T5 (B) T6
 (1  x ) n1  (C) T7 (D) None of these
 
 n  1  0 (n  1)a (10  1).7 77 12
Sol. Here = = = 5
1 xa 67 13 13
 x2 x3 Cn Xn1 
= 0C x  C1  C 2  ...    Greatest term = T5+1 = T6
 2 3 n  1 
0 Ans.[B]
10. BINOMIAL THEOREM FOR ANY INDEX By putting n = 1, 2, 3 in the above results (c)
and (d), we get the following results-
When n is a negative integer or a fraction then the
(e) (1 – x)–1 = 1 + x + x2 + x3+ .....+ xr + .....
expansion of a binomial is possible only when
(i) Its first term is 1, and General term Tr+1 = xr
(ii) Its second term is numerically less than 1. (f) (1+ x) –1 = 1– x + x2– x3 + ....(–x) r + .....
r
Thus when n N and | x | < 1, then it states General term Tr+1 = (–x)
(g) (1–x)–2 = 1+2x+ 3x2 + 4x3+.....+(r +1)xr +.....
n(n  1)
(1 + x)n = 1 + nx + 2! General term Tr+1 = (r+1) xr
(h) (1+ x)–2 = 1–2x+3x2 – 4x3+.....+(r+1) (–x)r+ .....
n(n  1)(n  2) General term Tr+1 = (r +1) (–x)r.
x2 + 3!
x3 + ........+
(i) (1– x) –3 = 1+3x + 6x 2+ 10 x 3 + .. ....+
n(n  1)(n  r  1) (r  1)(r  2) r
x +.....
r!
xr +.....¥ 2!

10.1 General Term : (r  1)(r  2) r

General term = x.
2!
n(n  1)(n  2).....( n  r  1) r
Tr+1 = .x (j) (1 + x) –3 = 1 – 3x + 6x 2 – 10x 3 + .....+
r!
(r  1)(r  2)
Note : (–x)r +.....
2!
(i) In this expansion the coefficient of different
terms can not be expressed as n C 0 , n C 1 , (r  1)(r  2)
General term = (–x)r.
n
C2... because n is not a positive integer. 2!
(ii) In this case there are infinite terms in the Expansion for any index
expansion.
10.2 Some Important Expansions :
If | x | < 1 and n  Q but n  N, then Ex.12 If |x| < 2/3 then the fourth term in the expansion
1/ 2
n(n  1)  3 
(a) (1+ x) n = 1 + nx + 2 ! x 2 + . ...+ of 1  x  is–
 2 

n(n  1)...(n  r  1) 27 3 27
xr + ...... (A) x (B) – x3
r! 128 128
81 3 81 3
n(n  1) n(n  1)(n  2)
(C) x (D) – x
256 256
(b) (1–x)n =1– nx + x2 – x3
2! 3!
3
1 / 2(1 / 2  1)(1 / 2  2)  3 x  27 3
n(n  1)...(n  r  1) Sol. T4 = 3!
.  = x
 2 128
+.....+ r!
(–x) r +....

n(n  1) Ans.[A]
(c) (1 – x)–n = 1 + nx + 2!
x2 +
Ex.13 The term independent of x in the expansion of
n(n 1)(n  2) 3 n(n  1)...(n  r  1) r
x +.......+ x +.. 2
3! r! 1 x 
  is–
1 x 
n(n  1)
(d) (1 + x)–n = 1 – nx + x2 – (A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1
2! 2 –2
Sol. (1– x) (1+ x)
 (1– 2x + x2) (1– 2x + x2+ ....)
n(n  1)(n  2) n(n  1)...(n  r 1)  so term independent of x = 1.
x3+.....+ (–x)r +..
3! r! Ans. [D]
Ex.14 The coefficient of x 5 in the expansion of 1 1.3 1.3.5
(1– x)–6 is – Ex.16 The sum of 1 + + + + ..... is–
4 4.8 4.8.12
(A) 1260 (B) – 1260 1
(C) – 252 (D) 252 (A) 2 (B) (C) 3 (D) 23/2
2
Sol. x5 occurs in T6 of the expansion, so
n(n  1)
6.7.8.9.10 Sol. Comparing with 1 + nx + x2 +......
2!
T6 = T5+1 = x5 = 252 x5
5! n x = 1/4 ...(1)
 Coefficient of x5 = 252 Ans.[D]
n(n  1)x 2
and = 1.3/4.8
11. APPLICATIONS OF BINOMIAL THEOREM 2!

(a) With the help of binomial theorem, we can

find out the value of sq. root, cube root and nx(nx  x ) 3 1  1  x 3
or =   =
4th root etc. of the given number upto any 2! 32 4 4  16
decimal places.
(b) To find the sum of Infinite series : (by (1))
We can compare the given infinite series with
n(n  1) 1  3 1 3 1
n    x  = x = – = –
the expansion of (1+ x) = 1+ nx +
2! 4  4 4 4 2
x2 + ..... and by finding the value of x and n and ... (2)
putting in (1 + x)n the sum of series is determined.
putting the value of x in (1)
Application of Binomial theorem n (–1/2) = 1/4  n = – 1/2
 sum of series = (1+ x )n
Ex.15 The value of cube root of 1001 upto five decimal
places is – = (1–1/2)–1/2 = (1/2)–1/2 = 2 Ans.[A]
(A) 10.03333 (B) 10.00333
(C) 10.00033 (D) None of these
1/ 3
 1 
Sol. (1001) =(1000+1) = 10 1 
1/3 1/3  = 10
 1000 
 1 1 1 / 3(1 / 3  1) 1 
1  .  2
 .....
 3 1000 2! 1000 
= 10 {1 + 0.0003333 – 0.00000011+….}
= 10.00333 Ans.[B]
 SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex.1 The first four terms of the expansion of Sol. As given nC4, nC5,nC6 are in AP.
5
 1 
 ax   are -
 bx 2   nC4 + nC6 = 2. nC5
a4 2 a3 a2 n! n! n!
(A) a5x 5 – 5 x + 10 2 – 10 3 4  + = 2 (n  5)! 5!
b b x b x (n  4)! 4! (n  6)! 6!
3
4
a 2 a a2  30 + (n – 5) ( n – 4) = 2.6 (n – 4)
(B) a5x 5 + 5 x – 10 2 + 10 3 4
b b x b x  n2 – 21n + 98 = 0
a4 2 a3 a2  (n – 7) (n – 14) = 0
(C) a5x 5 – 5 x – 10 2 – 10
b b x b3 x 4
 n = 7, 14 Ans.[B]
4
a 2 a3 a2
(D) a5x 5 + 5 x + 10 2 + 10
b b x b3 x 4 Ex. 4 The sum of the coefficient of the terms of the
 1 
5 expansion of polynomial (1+ x– 3x 2 )2143 is-
Sol.  ax  
 bx 2  (A) 22143 (B) 1
(C) –1 (D) 0
 1 
= 5C0 (ax)5 + 5C1 (ax)4   2  + Sol. We get the sum of the coefficients of terms
 bx 
by putting x = 1 in the polynomial
2 3
 1   1  (1+ x– 3x2 )2143
5C
2 (ax )   2  + 5C3 (ax )2   2  +....
3
 bx   bx   (1+1 – 3) 2143 = (–1) 2143
3 2
a4 2 a a = (–1) 2142. (–1)
= a5x5 – 5 x + 10 2 – 10 3 4 +........
b b x b x = [(–1)2]1021. (–1)
Ans.[A]
= 1 × –1 = –1.
Ans. [C]
Ex.2 The sixth term in the expansion of
8
 2 1 
 3x   is- 8
 2x   2
Ex.5 The middle term of the expansion  x   is-
189 189  x
(A) x (B) – x
4 4 (A) 560 (B) –560
189 2 189 3 (C) 1120 (D) –1120
(C) x (D) x
4 4 Sol. Since (n = 8) is even then there is only one
5 T
 1  middle term i.e. 8 2 = T 5
Sol. T6 = 8C (3x2)3   2
5  2x 
 T5 = 8C4(x)4(–2/x)4
 1  = 8C4. (–2)4 = 16. 8C4
= 56 × (27x6) ×   
 32 x 5  = 1120 Ans.[C]
189
= – x Ans.[B]
4
Ex.6 The term independent from x in the expan-
10
Ex.3 If in the expansion of (1+ y)n, the coefficient  3 
of 5th, 6th and 7th terms are in A.P., then n sion of  x  2  is -
 x 
is equal to-
(A) 3240 (B) – 3240
(A) 7, 11 (B) 7, 14
(C) 8, 16 (D) None of these (C) 405 (D) – 405
Sol. Since we require term independent from x Sol. The given expression
 n  – r (   ) = 0 F I F1  C I
C0 C1C 2 ....Cn1 C
1 1 
= C1C 2 ....Cn
G
H JKG
. 1 1
C0H C JK
2

1
 10 × 2 – r  2  2  = 0
F1  C I F1  C I
 r = 2 i.e. 3rd term.
G
H C JK... G
3

2 H C JK
n

n 1

 T3 = 10C (
x )8 (3 / x 2 )2
= G
F1  n IJF n  1I F n  2 I F 1I
H 1KG JG J... G
1 J
2 1 1
= 10C2 .(– 3 )2.x º H 2 KH 3 K H n K

=
10.9
. 9 = 405 Ans. [C] bC  C g 0 n
2.1

F
G 3I
15
( n  1) n
Hx  x JK
3
Ex.7 If in the expansion of 2 the rth = Ans. [B]
n!
term is independent of x, then r equals-
(A) 8 (B) 9
(C) 10 (D) None of these Ex.10 In the expansion of (4–3x)7, the numerically
Sol. If rth term is independent of x, then by the greatest term at x = 2/3 is -
formula
15 × 3 – (r–1) ( 3+ 2) = 0 (A) T4 (B) T5
 r – 1 = 9  r = 10. (C) T3 (D) T2
Ans. [C] 7
 3x 
Sol. (4–3x)7 = 47 1  
 4 
Ex.8 If (1+x) n = C0 +C1x+ C2x2+ ...+ Cnxn. then
C0+ 2C1+ 3C2 + ....+ (n+1) Cn is equal to- Tr 1 7  r  1  3x
(A) 2n–1 (n+2) (B) 2n(n+1)  = .
Tr r 4
(C)2 n–1 (n+ 1) (D) 2n (n+2)

Sol. Putting x = 1 in the given expansion, we get 8r F

G 2I
x  J
C0 + C1+ C2 + C3 + ...Cn = 2n ....(1)
=
2r H 3K
Now, differentiating the given expansion with
respect to x and then putting x =1, we get Now Tr+1  Tr+1 if 8 – r  2r
C1 + 2C2 + 3C3 + .....+ nCn = n.2n–1
2
....(2)  3r  8  r  2 3
Given Exp.
= C0 + 2C1 + 3C2 + ....+ (n + 1) Cn  T1  T2  T3  T4  T5.......
= (C0 + C1 + C2 +.....+ Cn)  Numerical value of T3 is greatest.
+ (C1 + 2C2 + 3C3 + ....+ nCn) Ans. [C]
= 2n + n. 2 n–1
[from (1) and (2)] = 2n–1 (n + 2)
Ans.[A] Ex.11 If |x| < 1/2, then expansion of (1–2x)1/2 is-
1 2 1 2
(A) 1– x – x .... (B) 1– x + x ....
Ex.9 If (1+ x)n = C0+ C1x + C2x2 +....+ Cnxn, 2 2
(C0  C1 )(C1  C 2 )...(Cn1  Cn ) 1 2
then (C) 1+ x – x .... (D) None of these
C1C2 ...Cn 2
equals- 1 1 F
G I
(A)
n n
(B)
(n  1) n
Sol. (1–2x)1/2 =
1
1+ (–2x) + 2 2
1
H JK
(–2x2) + ......
2 2!
(n  1)! n!
nn 1 2
(C) (D) None of these = 1– x – x ..... Ans. [A]
n! 2
Ex.12 The tenth term in the expansion of (1+ x)–3 is - Ex.15 The coefficient of x 4 in the expansion of
(A) – 55 x 9 (B) 55 x 9 1  2x  3 x 2
is-
(C) – 66 x10 (D) 66 x 10 (1  x) 2
(A) 13 (B) 14
Sol. The tenth term of the expansion is
(C) 20 (D) 22

T10 =
b3gb4gb5g....b3  8g(x) 9 Sol. Exp. = (1+2 x + 3x 2) (1–x)–2
9! = (1+ 2x + 3x2) (1+ 2x + 3x2 + 4x3+ 5x4 + ...)

=
b gb gb gx
3 4 5 ... 11 9
 Coefficient of x4 = 5 + 8 + 9 = 22
9! Ans.[D]
= – 55 x9 Ans. [A] Ex.16 If the coefficients of rth and (r +1)th terms in
the expansion of (3+7x)29 are equal, then
r equals-
Ex.13 The value of 99 upto three decimals is - (A) 15 (B) 21
(C) 14 (D) None of these
(A) 9.949 (B) 9.958
Sol. We have
(C) 9.948 (D) None of these
Tr+1 = 29 Cr329–r (7x) r = (29Cr.329–r.7r) x r
Sol.  99 = (100 –1)1/2
 ar = coefficient of (r +1)th term = 29 Cr.
329–r . 7 r
F
G 1 I
1/ 2

= 10
H 10 JK
1 2 Now, ar = ar–1

= 10
 29Cr . 329–r.7r = 29 Cr-1 . 330–r . 7 r–1

L
M F
G1 I
 1J
O
P
29
Cr

3 30  r 3
M 1 1
1 / 2.
H2 KF G 1 I
J
2
........P
 29
C r 1 7  r
=
7
 r = 21.
1 .
M 2 10 2

2! H10 K P
 2
Ans. [B]
M
N P
Q
= 10 [1– 0.005 – 0.0000125] Ex.17 If the fourth term in the expansion of (px + 1/x)n
is 5/2 then the value of n and p are respec-
= 10 [0.9949] = 9.949
tively-
Ans. [A]
(A) 6, 1/2 (B) 1/2, 6
(C) 3,1 (D) 3, 1/2
1 13
. 13
. .5 Sol. The fourth term in expansion of (px + 1/x)n
Ex.14 1 + + + + .... is equal to - T 4 = nC3 . (px)n–3 (1/x)3 = 5/2.
5 5.10 5.10.15
1 1  (nC3.pn–3) . xn–6 = 5/2. x0
(A) (B) Compairing the coefficient of x and constant
5 2
term n – 6 = 0  n = 6
5
(C) (D) 5 and nC3 (p) n–3 = 5/2
3
putting n = 6 in it
n
1 13
. 13
. .5
Sol. If (1+ x) = 1+ + + + .... 6C3 p3 = 5/2  p3 = 1/8  p3 = (1/2)3
5 5.10 5.10.15
then nx  1 / 5
1
U
|V 2
 p = 1/2 Ans. [A]
n(n  1) 2 13
.
2!
x 
5.10 |
 n = – 2, x = – 5
W Ex.18 The coefficient of x 4 in the expansion of
 S = [1+ (–2/5)]–1/2 (1+ x + x2+ x3)n is -
(A) nC 4
5 (B) nC4 + nC2
= (3/5)–1/2 = Ans. [C] (C) nC1 + nC2+ nC4.nC2
3
(D) nC4+ nC2 + nC1.nC2
Sol. Exp. = (1+ x) n (1+ x 2)n Ex.22 If the third term in the expansion of
= (1+ nC1x+ nC2x2+ nC3x3+ nC4x 4 + .....+ xn)
(1+ nC1x 2 + nC2x 4 + ...+ x 2n)
x  x 
log10 x 5 is equal to 10,00,000 , then x
equals-
 Coefficient of x4 = nC4+ nC2.nC1+ nC2 (A)10 (B) 102
Ans.[D]
(C)103 (D) No such x exists
Ex. 19 If (2– x – x2 )2n = a0 + a1x+a2x 2+ a3x 3 + ..., Sol. Here T3= 5C 3(x log x ) 2 = 106
2x 10
then the value of a0 + a2+ a4 + .... is-
(A) 2n–1 (B) 22n or x3 x 2 log10 x = 105
(C) 2 2n–1 (D) None of these Taking log of both sides, we get
Sol. Putting x = 1 and x = –1 in the given expan- 3 log10 x + 2 (log10 x)2 = 5
sion, we get or 2(log10x)2 + 5 log10 x – 2 log10 x – 5 = 0
a0 + a1 + a2+ a3+ a4+ .... = 0 or (log10 x – 1) (2 log 10 x + 5) = 0
a0 – a1 + a2 – a 3 + a 4 – ....= 22n or x = 10 or 2 log 10 x + 5 = 0
Adding 2(a0 + a2 + a4 + .....) = 22n Ans. [A]
 a0 + a2 + a4 + ... = 22n-1
Ans. [C] Ex.23 The greatest integer in the expansion of
(1+x)2n+2 is -

F x3  1 IK+ F
5
IK is a polyno-
x3  1
5 b2ng! b2n  2g!
Ex.20 Hx  Hx  (A)
bg
n!
2 (B)
[bn  1g 2
!]
mial of the order of -
(A) 5 (B) 6 b2n  2g! b2ng!
(C) 7 (D) 8
(C) n!bn  1g
! (D) n!b n  1g !

Sol.
F
Hx  x3  1 IK+ F
5

Hx  IK
x3  1
5 Sol. The coefficient of (r+1) th term in the expan-
sion of (1+x)n+2 will be maximum.
= 2 [x5 + 5C2.x 3 (x3–1) + 5C4 x(x3–1)2 ] (2n  2)  1
If r 
= 2 [x5 + 10 x3 (x3–1) + 5x(x6 – 2 x3 + 1)] 2
= 10 x7 + 20 x6 + 2x5 – 20 x4 – 20 x3 +10 x r  (n+1) + 1/2
 polynomial has order of 7. r = n + 1
Ans. [C] = Maximum coefficient = 2n+2Cn+1
(2n  2)!
Fx  1 IJ ,
occurs in the expansion of G
2n
=
Ex.21 If x m
HxK 2
(n  1)!(n  1)!

the coefficient of x m is - b2n  2g!

[bn  1g
= 2 Ans. [B]
(2n)! (2n)! 3 ! 3 ! !]
(A) (B)
m!(2n  m)! (2n  m)!
Ex.24 The greatest integer which divides 101100 – 1
(2n)! is -
(C)
F I F IJ
2n  m 4n  m
G
(D) None of these
H JKG
(A) 100 (B) 1000
3 H K
!
3
!
(C) 10,000 (D) 100,000
Sol. The general term in the expansion of the given Sol. 101100 – 1= (100+1)100–1
expression is
= 100100+100C1 10099+100C2 10098+ ...+ 1 – 1
F
G 1I
r
= 100100 + 100C110099 + 100 C2 10098 + ...+
Tr+1 = 2nC
r x 2 n–r
Hx JK =
2
2nC
r x 2n–3r 100C
99 100
1

For the coefficient of x m, we must have = 100(100 + 100C1 100 98+ ....+ 100 C 99)
99

= 100 (10099 + 100C1 10098 + ...+

2n  m 100C 100C
2n–3r = m  r =
3 98 100 + 99)
= 100 (100 + 99 100C1 10098 + ....+ 100C98
So, coefficient of x m =
2n (2n)! 100 + 100)
C 2nm 
F I F IJ
2n  m 4n  m
G
= 1002 (10098 + 100C1 10097+ ...+ 100C2 + 1)
3
3H JKGH K
!
3
!  the greatest integer which divides given
number = 1002 = 10,000
Ans.[C] Ans.[C]
Ex.25 The sum of the rational terms in the expan- Ex.27 If (1+ x) n = C0+ C1x + C2 x 2 + ....+ Cnxn,
10 then 3C0 – 5C1 + 7C2 + ...+ (–1)n (2n+ 3) Cn
sion of e2  3 j 1/ 5
is equal to equals-
(A) 40 (B) 41 (C) 42 (D) 0 (A) 1 (B) 2(2n + 3) 2n
(C) (2n+3) 2 n–1 (D) 0
Sol. Here Tr+1 = 10 Cr ( 2 ) 10–r (31/5 )r, Sol. We have
3C0 – 5C1 + 7 C2 + ...+ (–1)n (2n+3) Cn
where r = 0, 1, 2, ....,10.
= 3C0 – 3C1 + 3C2 + ...+ (–1)n 3Cn – 2C1
We observe that in general term Tr+1 powers + 4C2 + ....+ (–1)n 2n Cn
1 1 = 3(C0– C1+ C2 + ...+ (–1)n Cn)
of 2 and 3 are (10–r) and r respectively –2 (C1 – 2C2 + .... (–1)n nCn)
2 5
= 3 × 0 – 2 × 0 = 0. Ans.[D]
and 0  r  10. So both these powers will
be integers together only when r = 0 or 10 Ex.28 If the sum of the coefficients in the expan-
sion of (1+2x)n is 6561, the greatest term in
 sum of required terms the expansion for x = 1/2 is -
= T1 + T11 (A) 4th (B) 5th
(C) 6 th (D) None of these
= 10 C0( 2 )10 + 10 C10 (31/5) 10 Sol. Sum of the coefficients in the expansion of
(1+2x)n = 6561
= 32 + 9 = 41  (1+2x) n = 6561 when x = 1
Ans.[B]  3n = 6561  3n = 38  n = 8
8
Tr 1 C r (2x)r 9r
Ex .26 The coefficient of the term independent of x Now, Tr = 8 r 1 = . 2x
Cr 1(2x) r
F
G3 2 1 IJ is-
9
Tr 1 9r
in the expansion of (1+ x + 2x3)
H2 x 
3x K  T = r
r
[ x = 1/2]

(A) 1/3 (B) 19/54 Tr 1 9r

(C) 17/54 (D) 1/4  T > 1  r > 1 9 – r > r
r

F
G3 1I
9 1

H2 x  3x JK
2  2r < 9  r < 4 2
Sol. (1+ x + 2x3)
Hence, 5th term is the greatest term.
L C F3 x I F 1 I O 9 9 r r Ans.[B]
= (1+ x + 2x ) M G J G JP 9 2

N H2 K H3 xKP
3
M Q
r
3.5....(2r  1) 1 F
G I r

HJK
r0 th
Ex.29 If (r +1) term is , then
= (1 + x + 2x 3) = r! 5
this is the term of binomial expansion-
L C F3 I F 1I x
9 9 r r O F1  2 IJ F1  2 IJ
+ M
 GJ G J P
9 19  3r 1/ 2 1/ 2

N H2 K H3 K
M P
Q+ (A) G (B) G
r
r 0 H 5K H 5K
L C F3 I F 1I x
9 9 r r O F1  2 IJ 1/ 2
F1  2 IJ 1/ 2

2M GJ G J P (C) G (D) G

9 21 3 r

N H2 K H3 K
M P H 5K H 5K
r
r 0 Q
3.5....(2r  1) F 1I
r
Clearly, first and third expansions contain
term independent of x and are obtained by
Sol. Tr+1 =
r!
G
H5 JK
equation 18 – 3r = 0 and 21–3 r = 0 respec- F
G1 IF
JG3 IF
JG 5I F
J...G2r  1IJ 2 I
H2K H2K H 2 KH2 KF
G
r

H5 JK
tively.
=
r!
So, coefficient of the term independent of x =
F
G 1 IF 1 IF 1 I F 1  r  1IJF 2 I
F3 I F 1 IJ  2 F F3 I F1 I I H 2 JKG
H 2  1JKGH 2  2JK...G
r

9
C GJ G
96
GC GJ  GJJ=
6
9
9 7 7
= H2 KG H J
5K
6
H2 K H3 K H H2 K H3 KK 7
r!

which is the (r +1) term of G

F1  2 IJ 1/ 2

7
18
–
7
27
=
17
54
Ans.[C]
th
H 5K
Ans. [B]