Binomial Theorem

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Definition
If a, b ∈ R and n ∈ N, then
(a + b)n = nC0anb0 + nC1an-1b1 + nC2an-2b2+.......+ nCn a0bn
• Remarks: If the index of the binomial is n then the
expansion contains n + 1 terms. Binomial Theorem
• in each term, the sum of indices of a and b is always n.
• Coefficients of the terms in binomial expansion equidistant
from both the ends are equal.
(a - b)n = nC0anb0 - nC1an-1b1 + nC2an-2b2+.......+ (-1)n nCn
a0bn

General and middle terms in the expansion of

(a+b)ⁿ
The general term of an expansion (a+b)n is Binomial Theorem for any index
Tr+1 = nCr a n-rbr, 0 ≤ r ≤ n, r ∈ N If n is negative integer, then n! Is not defined. We state
Middle Terms: binomial theorem in another form
1. In(a + b)n, if n is even, then the no. of terms in the
expansion is odd.
Therefore, there is only one middle term and it is
(n+2/2)th term.
2. In (a + b)n, if n is odd then the no. of terms in the
expansion is even. Therefore, there are two middle
terms and those are (n+1/2)th and (n+3/2)th terms.
Binomial Coefficients
The coefficient nC0, nC1, nC2, ……… nCn, in the expansion of
(a + b)n are called binomial coefficients and denoted by C0,
C1, C2 ……………. Cx, respectively.
Properties of binomial coefficients: Binomial Theorem

Some special cases of (a+b)ⁿ

In the expansion of (a + b)n,
(i) Taking a = x and b = -y, we obtain
(x - y)n = nC0xn - nC1xn-1 y + nC2 xn-2 y2 + …… + (-1)n nCn
n
y
(ii) Taking a = 1, b = x, we obtain
(1 + x)n = nC0 + nC1x + nC2x2 + nC3x3 + ……… + nCnxn
(iii) Taking a = 1, b = -x, we obtain
(1 - x)n = nC0 - nC1x + nC2x2 + ……… + (-1)n nCnxn