Additional Mathematics

Formula that are within the syllabus and which need to be learnt.

The remainder theorem

Given the polynomial f(x), then remainder when f(x) is divided by (x – a) is f(a).

The factor theorem

If the remainder when f(x) is divided by (x – a) is 0, then (x – a) is a factor of f(x) and x = a is a root
of the equation f(x) = 0

Solution of quadratic equations

By formula and completing the square

For the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0

−b ± b 2 − 4ac
x=
2a

Binomial expansion
Know how to derive terms in the expansions of (1 + x)n and (a + b)n where n is a positive integer.
 n n!
The coefficients may be expressed in the form Cr =  ÷ =
n

 r  r !(n − r )!
 n n  n 
Be aware that Cr =  ÷ = Cn − r = 
n
÷
r n−r

Coordinate Geometry

Straight line
Know the forms of the straight line, including
y = mx + c
y − y1 = m( x − x1 )
y − y1 x − x1
=
y2 − y1 x2 − x1

Condition for parallel lines: m1 = m2

Condition for perpendicular lines: m1 × m2 = −1

( x1 − x2 ) + ( y1 − y2 )
2 2
Distance between two points ( x1 , y1 ), ( x2 , y2 ) =
 x + x y + y2 
Midpoint of two points ( x1 , y1 ), ( x2 , y2 ) =  1 2 , 1 ÷
 2 2 

The Circle

( x − a) + ( y − b ) = r 2 has centre (a, b) and radius r.

2 2

© MEI Additional Mathematics Formula sheet. Draft 1 Page 1

Trigonometry

In a right-angled triangle:
opposite adjacent opposite
sin θ = , cos θ = , tan θ =
hypotenuse hypotenuse adjacent
Identities:
sinθ
tanθ =
cosθ
sin θ + cos 2 θ = 1
2

Sin rule:
a b c
= =
SinA SinB SinC

Cos rule:
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A
b2 + c2 − a 2
cos A =
2bc

Calculus
dy
y = ax n ⇒ = nax n −1
dx
dy
Stationary points occur when =0
dx
b
Area under curve between x = a and x = b is ∫ y dx
a

Kinematics

Constant acceleration formulae

1
s = ut + at 2
2

s=
( u + v) t
2
v = u + at
v 2 = u 2 + 2as

© MEI Additional Mathematics Formula sheet. Draft 1 Page 2