Edexcel A Level Maths Formula Mat Formulae and Identities You Need to Know
Laws of Indices Trigonometry Perimeter, Area and Volume Differentiation
a xa y ≡ a x + y a b Sine rule: sinA = sinB = sinC c For a circle radius r and diameter d: Function Derivative ax ≡ ax – y Cosine rule: a 2 = b 2 + c 2 – 2bccosA C = 2πr = πd ay sinkx kcos(kx) (a ) ≡ a x y xy 1 A = πr 2 coskx -ksin(kx) Area: area = 2 absinC sinx For a trapezium with parallel sides a ekx kekx Laws of Logarithms tanx = cosx and b and height h: 1 1 1 lnx x x = a n ⇔ n = loga x secx = cosx Area = 2 (a + b)h 1 Chain rule: loga x + loga y ≡ loga (xy) cosecx = sinx For a sector radius r, angle θ (in dy () x 1 radians) and arc length s: If y = f(g(x)), dx = f’(g(x))g’(x) loga x – loga y ≡ loga y cotx = tanx dy dy du s = rθ = × dx du dx kloga x ≡ loga (x k) cos2x + sin2x ≡ 1 1 A = 2 r2θ sec2x ≡ 1 + tan2x Product rule: Coordinate Geometry The derivative of y = f(x)g(x), cosec2x ≡ 1 + cot2x dy A straight line, gradient m, through Integration dx = f’(x)g(x) + f(x)g’(x). sin2x = 2sinx cosx (x1, y1) has equation y – y1 = m(x – x1). dy dv du dx = u dx + v dx cos2x = cos2x – sin2x Function Integral Straight lines with gradient m1 2tanx 1 and m2 are perpendicular when tan2x = 1 – tan2x sinkx - k cos(kx) + c Statistics m1m2 = -1 1 coskx sin(kx) + c The mean of a set of data: Mechanics k ∑x ∑fx 1 kx x̅ = = n ∑f Sequences weight = mg ekx e +c k The standard Normal variable: F ≤ μR 1 X–μ Arithmetic progression: x ln|x| + c, x ≠ 0 Z= σ where X ∼ N(μ, σ2) un = a + (n – 1)d F = ma dr dv d 2r Reverse Chain rule: Vectors Geometric progression: v = dt a = dt = dt 2 ∫ f’(g(x))g’(x) = f(g(x)) + c un = ar n – 1 r = ∫ v dt v = ∫ a dt |xi + yj + zk| = x2 + y2 + z2 Edexcel A Level Maths Formula Mat Formulae and Identities You Will be Given Perimeter, Area and Volume Differentiation Integration Surface are of sphere = 4πr2 Integration by parts: Function Derivative dv du Area of curved surface of cone = πr × slant height tankx ksec2kx ∫ u dx dx = uv – ∫ v dx dx seckx kseckx tankx Function Integral Binomial Series cotkx -kcosec2kx 1 sec2kx tankx (a + b) = a + n n ( )a n 1 n–1 b+ ( )a n 2 b +…+ n–2 2 ( )a n r b + … + b (n ∈ ℕ) n–r r n coseckx -kcoseckx cotkx k 1 ( n) Where r = nCr = r!(n – r)! n! f(x) g(x) f’(x)g(x) – f(x)g’(x) (g(x))2 tankx k ln|seckx|
n(n – 1) 2 n(n – 1)…(n – r + 1) r 1
(1 + x)n = 1 + nx + x +… x + … (|x| < 1, n ∈ ℝ) cotkx k ln|sinkx| 2! r! First principles: 1 f(x + h) – f(x) - k ln|coseckx + cotkx| Sequences f’(x) = lim h →0 h→ coseckx 1 1 k ln|tan 2 kx| 1 1 Arithmetic sequences: Sn = 2 n(a + l) = 2 n[2a + (n – 1)d] Statistics 1 ln|seckx + tankx| a(1 – r n) k Geometric sequences: Sn = 1 – r seckx a P(A’) = 1 – P(A) 1 k 1 ( 1 ln|tan 2 kx + 4 π | ) S∞ = 1 – r for |r| < 1 P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B) P(A ∩ B) = P(A)P(B|A) Standard Deviation Small Angle Approximations P(A∩B) P(A|B) = P(B) standard deviation = variance Where θ is measured in radians and small: interquartile range = IQR = Q3 – Q1 For independent events A and B: sinθ ≈ θ For a set of n values, x1, x2, … xi, …xn: P(B|A) = P(B) 1 (∑xi)2 cosθ ≈ 1 – 2 θ2 Sxx = ∑(xi – x̅ )2 = ∑xi2 – n P(A|B) = P(A) tanθ ≈ θ Sxx ∑x2 = – x̅ 2 P(A ∩ B) = P(A)P(B) Standard deviation = n n Edexcel A Level Maths Formula Mat Formulae and Identities You Will be Given Trigonometric Identities Logarithms and Exponentials Kinematics sin(A ± B) = sinA cosB ± cosA sinB logbx Motion in a straight line: loga x = logba v = u + at cos(A ± B) = cosA cosB sinA sinB ± e xlna = a x 1 s = ut + 2 at 2 ( tanA ± tanB ( 1) ) tan(A ± B) = 1 tanA tanB A ± B ≠ k + 2 π ± 1 The Binomial Distribution s = vt – 2 at 2 sinA + sinB = 2sin( 2 ) cos( 2 ) A+B A–B If X ∼ B(n, p) then: v 2 = u 2 + 2as sinA – sinB = 2cos( 2 ) sin( 2 ) A+B A–B 1 P(X = x) = ( )p (1 – p) n x n–x s = 2 (u + v)t cosA + cosB = 2cos( 2 ) cos( 2 ) A+B A–B x Mean of X = np cosA – cosB = -2sin( 2 ) sin( 2 ) A+B A–B Variance of X = np(1 – p) Motion in two dimensions: v = u + at Numerical Methods 1 The Normal Distribution s = ut + 2 at 2 Trapezium rule: 1 If X ∼ N(μ, σ2) then: s = vt – 2 at 2 b 1 b–a ∫a y dx ≈ 2 h{(y0 + yn) + 2(y1 + y2 + … +yn – 1)}, where h = n 1 ( X̅ ∼ N μ, n σ2 ) s = 2 (u + v)t Newton-Raphson method: X̅ – μ f(xn) σ ∼ N(0, 1) f(x) = 0: xn + 1 = xn – n f’(xn)