Core 3

Functions
 F(x) is called the Image of x
 The set of permitted x values is called the Domain of the function
 The set of all images is called the range of a function

Differentiation
 Chain Rule
 Product Rule  u.dv + v.du
low d ' high−high d ' low
 Quotient Rule 
lowlow
dy 1
=
 X as a function of Y  dx dx
dy

Trigonometric Functions
1
 cosecθ =
Sinθ
1
 Secθ =
cosθ
1
 Cotθ =
tanθ

Identities

sinθ
 tanθ=
cosθ
 Sin θ + Cos2θ = 1
2

cosθ
 cotθ=
sinθ
 Sec θ = 1 + tan2θ
2

 Cosec2θ = 1 + cot2θ

Differentiation

d
 ( sinx )=cosx
dx
d
 ( cosx )=−sinx
dx
d
 ( tanx )=sec 2 x
dx
Integration

1
 ∫ cosKx dx= k sinKx +c
−1
 ∫ sinKx dx= k
cosKx +c

Exponentials and Logarithms

dy
 When y=ekx  =K e kx
dx
1
 ∫ ekx = k e kx +c
dy 1
 If y=lnx , then =
dx x
1
 ∫ x dx=lnx+ c
f '(x)
 ∫ f ( x ) dx=ln ( f ( x )) + c  Providing f(x) is > 0
Definite Integrals involving logarithms

1
 ∫ x dx=ln| x|+ c
f '(x)
 ∫ f ( x ) dx=ln|f ( x )|+c

Integration
 Substitution
 Definite Integrals (substitution) – Change Limits
dv
 Integration by parts ∫ u dx=uv−∫ vdu dx
dx

Standard Integrals

 ∫ a2dx
+x 2
1
a
x
= tan−1 ( )+ c
a
dx x
 ∫ 2
√ a −x 2
=sin−1
a()
+c

Volumes of Revolution
 b
2
 About the X axis  π ∫ y dx
a
b
2
 About the Y axis  π ∫ x dx
a

 When the revolution is about y axis, “b” and “a” are y co-ordinates.

Numerical Methods
 Change of Sign rule
o Let equation equal f(x), then substitute two values and solve. If sign changes
then there is a root between two points.

Iterative Methods

 An iterative method is a process that is required to produce a sequence of

approximations to the required solution.
 FOR COBWEB AND STARICASE DIAGRAMS SEE PAGE 122

Mid Ordinate Rule

 Split domain into equal segments (or given number of ordinates).

 Take x co-ordinate of the midpoint of the strips
 Use curve equation to find Y
 Use mid ordinate rule equation.

Simpsons Rule


b

∫ y dx → h3 [ ( first ordinate +last ordinate )+ 4 (∑ of odd ordinates )+2 (∑ of even ordinates )]

a