A.

Exponential Function

x
F ( x )=a c +k
dom F=R
ran F=¿ k , ∞ ¿
¿ ¿−∞ , k ¿
Asymptote y=k
Initial value = a+ k

nt
Word Problems A(t)= A o c
 c represents the multiplicative factor (% remaining at the end of a  n represents the number of periods per unit of time defined
period)  t represents the unit of defined time
 A o represents the initial value  A(t) represents the final amount

Example: A bacterial culture contains 120 bacteria at the beginning. It increases by 5% every 2 hours.
1
t: number of hours since beginning, A(t):number of bacteria in the culture, Ao: 120, n: , c:105%
2
1
t
A(t)=120
( 1.05 ) 2
u v
Exponential Equation if c =c ,thenu=v
B. Logarithms
log b C=x ↔ b x =C

f ( x )=log c (b ( x−h ))

Assympote x=h

1
x-intercept = +h
b

C. Trigonometry

2
Arc Length =θr Sector Area =
θr
2

sin θ=sin ( 180−θ )

Last Revision: February 21, 2024 cos θ=cos−θ

 ( bx +h ,ay + k)
( x , y )=

Circles
2 2 2
Standard Form:( x−h ) + ( y−k ) =r
General Form: x + y + ax+ by +c=0 where a 2+ b2 >4 c
2 2

Midpoint =
( x 1+ x 2 y 1+ y 2
2
,
2 )
√ 2
Distance= (x 2−x 1) +( y 2− y 1)
Ellipse
2

2
C=2 πr A=π r
Parabola

Hyperbola

General Form: A x 2+ B y 2 +Cx+ Dy + E=0

P: AB=0
E: AB>0
H: AB<0
C: A=B

Last Revision: February 21, 2024