Victorian Certificate of Education

Year

SPECIALIST MATHEMATICS
Written examinations 1 and 2

FORMULA SHEET

Instructions

This formula sheet is provided for your reference.

A question and answer book is provided with this formula sheet.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic
devices into the examination room.

© VICTORIAN CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY 2023

January 2023
SM FORMULA SHEET 2 3 SM FORMULA SHEET

Mensuration Calculus Calculus – continued

area of a r2 volume of d n d dv du
 x dx  n  1 x
1
circle segment 2
  sin ( )  a sphere
4 3
3
πr
dx
 x   n xn 1 n n 1  c, n  1 product rule
dx
(uv)  u  v
dx dx

volume of area of d ax 1 ax du dv
a cylinder
π r 2h
a triangle
1
bc sin ( A )  e   a eax  e ax dx  e c quotient rule d u
v
dx
u
dx
2 dx a  
dx  v  v2
volume of a b c d
 log e ( x)  

1 2 = = 1 1
πr h sine rule dx  log e x  c dy dy du
a cone 3 sin ( A) sin ( B) sin (C ) dx x x chain rule  
dx du dx
volume of d

1 1
Ah cosine rule c2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab cos (C)  sin (ax)   a cos (ax) sin (ax) dx   cos (ax)  c dv du
a pyramid 3 dx a integration by parts
 u dx dx  u v   v dx dx
d
 cos (ax) dx  a sin (ax)  c dy
1
Algebra, number and structure (complex numbers)  cos (ax)   a sin (ax) If = f ( x, y ) , x0 = a and y0 = b,
dx dx
z  x  iy  r  cos ( )  i sin ( )   r cis ( ) z  x2  y 2  r Euler’s method then xn +1 = xn + h and
d

1
 tan (ax)   a sec2 (ax) sec 2 (ax) dx  tan (ax)  c yn  1  yn  h  f  xn , yn .
−π < Arg (z) ≤ π z1 z2  r1r2 cis 1   2  dx a
t2
z1 r1 d

2 2
 cot (ax)   a cosec2 (ax)
1  dx   dy 
z2

r2
cis 1   2  de Moivre’s
theorem
z n = r n cis (n θ) dx
cosec 2 (ax)dx   cot (ax)  c
a arc length parametric

t1
     dt
 dt   dt 
d
 sec (ax) tan (ax) dx  a sec (ax)  c
1
Data analysis, probability and statistics  sec (ax)   a sec (ax) tan (ax) x2
2
dx surface area Cartesian  dy 
E  aX1  b   a E  X1   b
about x-axis 
x1
2 y 1    dx
 dx 
d

1
 cosec( ax)   a cosec (ax) cot (ax) cosec (ax) cot (ax) dx   cosec (ax)  c
E  a1 X1  a2 X 2    an X n  dx a y2 2
surface area Cartesian  dx 
for independent  a1E  X1   a2 E  X 2     an E  X n  d
 sin 1 (ax)  
a x about y-axis  2 x 1    dy
 dy 

1
random variables dx  sin 1    c, a  0 y1
dx 1  (ax) 2 a x a
Var  aX1  b   a 2 Var  X1 
2 2
X1 , X2 … Xn t2
2 2
Var  a1 X1  a2 X 2    an X n surface area parametric  dx   dy 
 d a 1 x  2 y      dt
 cos 1 (ax)  
 dx  cos 1    c, a  0 about x-axis  dt   dt 
 a12 Var  X1   a2 2 Var  X 2     an 2 Var  X n  dx 1  (ax) 2 a2  x2 a t1

t2
E  X 1  X 2    X n   n
2 2
for independent d a a x surface area parametric  dx   dy 
identically distributed dx
 tan 1 (ax)  
1  (ax) 2  a x
2 2
dx  tan 1    c
a about y-axis 
t1
2 x      dt
 dt   dt 
variables
Var  X1  X 2   X n   n 2
X1 , X2 … Xn
 (ax  b) n 1
dx  (ax  b) n  1  c, n  1 Kinematics
a (n  1)
approximate confidence  s s 
x  z ,xz 
interval for µ  n n  d 2 x dv dv d  1 

1 1 acceleration a   v   v2 
dx  log e ax  b  c
ax  b a dt 2 dt dx dx  2 
mean E X µ
distribution of sample 1 2
mean X 2 v = u + at s  ut  at
variance Var  X   constant acceleration 2
n
formulas
1
v2 = u2 + 2as s  (u  v) t
2

TURN OVER
SM FORMULA SHEET 4

Vectors in two and three dimensions

r (t )  x (t ) i + y (t ) j  z (t )k r (t )  x(t ) 2 + y (t ) 2  z (t ) 2
    
d r dx dy dz
r (t )    i + j k
 dt dt  dt  dt 

vector scalar product

r 1 . r 2  r 1 r 2 cos ( )  x1 x2 + y1y 2  z1 z2
   
for r1  x1 i + y1 j  z1k
    vector cross product
and r 2  x2 i + y2 j  z2 k i j k
     

r 1  r 2  x1 y1 z1   y1 z2  y2 z1  i +  x2 z1  x1 z2  j   x1 y2  x2 y1  k
    
x2 y2 z2

vector equation of a line r (t )  r1  t r 2   x1  x2t  i +  y1  y2t  j   z1  z2t  k

     
parametric equation of a line x (t) = x1 + x2t  y (t) = y1 + y2t  z (t) = z1 + z2t

r ( s, t )  r 0  s r 1  t r 2
vector equation of a plane    
  x0 + x1s + x2t  i   y0 + y1s + y2t  j   z0 + z1s + z2t  k
  
parametric equation of a plane x (s, t) = x0 + x1s + x2t,  y (s, t) = y0 + y1s + y2t,  z (s, t) = z0 + z1s + z2t

Cartesian equation of a plane ax + by + cz = d

Circular functions

cos2 (x) + sin2 (x) = 1

1 + tan2 (x) = sec2 (x) cot2 (x) + 1 = cosec2 (x)

sin (x + y) = sin (x) cos (y) + cos (x) sin (y) sin (x − y) = sin (x) cos (y) − cos (x) sin (y)

cos (x + y) = cos (x) cos (y) − sin (x) sin (y) cos (x − y) = cos (x) cos (y) + sin (x) sin (y)

tan ( x)  tan ( y ) tan ( x)  tan ( y )

tan ( x  y )  tan ( x  y ) 
1  tan ( x) tan ( y ) 1  tan ( x) tan ( y )

sin (2x) = 2 sin (x) cos (x)

2 tan ( x)
cos (2x) = cos2 (x) − sin2 (x) = 2 cos2 (x) − 1 = 1 − 2 sin2 (x) tan (2 x) 
1  tan 2 ( x)

1 1
sin 2 (ax)  1  cos (2ax)  cos 2 (ax)  1  cos (2ax) 
2 2

END OF FORMULA SHEET