MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

a b −dU
SYNOPSIS Ø Generally U = − , also F =
r p rq dr
Introduction: d  a b  pa qb
∴F = − − = −
Ø Elasticity deals with property of a material , such dr  r p r q  r p +1 rq +1
as its strength and ability to withstand against where q, p are powers and a,b are constants.
external forces which are acting on it. Ø The positive term with constant ‘a’ indicates
Inter Molecular Forces: positive potential energy , the negative term with
Ø The force between the molecules due to constant ‘b’ indicates negative potential energy.
electrostatic interaction between the charges of the WE-1: The potential energy function for the force
molecules are called intermolecular forces. Thus between two atoms in a diatomic molecule is
intermolecular forces are also electromagnetic in
a b
nature. These forces are active if the separation approximately given by U ( r ) = 12
− 6,
between two molecules is of the order of molecular r r
size ( ≈ 10-9m). where a and b are constants and r is the
The variation of intermolecular forces with distance distance between the atoms. If the dissociation
is shown in fig. energy of the molecule
F
is D = U ( r = ∞ ) −U atequilibrium  , D is
rep ul sio

[AIEEE-2010]
n

a b
Sol. U ( r ) = 12 − 6 , U ( r = ∞) = 0
X r r
r dU  12a 6b 
O r0
as, F = − dr = − − r 13 + r 7 
attraction  
The variation of potential energy versus distance 2a
At equilibrium, F=0, r =
6
(U-r) graph is b
U
a b −b 2
U atequilibrium = − =
 2a 
2
 2a  4a
   
 b   b 
r0
b2
O
∴ D = U ( r = ∞ ) − U atequilibrium  =
U0 4a
r=
0 Equilibrium distance
Rigid Body :A body whose size and shape
cannot be changed, however large the applied force
Ø For large distance ‘r’, the intermolecular force is may be is called rigid body.
negligible. There is no perfectly rigid body in nature. The
Ø As the distance decreases, the force of attraction nearest approach to a perfect rigid body is
increases. diamond.
Ø At a particular distance x, the force of attraction Deformation force :The external force which
becomes maximum. After this distance, the force changes the size (or) shape (or) both of a body
of attraction decreases and becomes zero at a without moving it as a whole is called deformation
distance ‘r0 ’. force.
Ø Interatomic force is the force between two atoms Restoring force :The internal force which
or molecules due to electrostatic force of attraction restores the size and shape of the body when
between charges. deformation force is removed is called restoring
force.

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Ø Magnitude of restoring force is equal to the Ø If the force is tangential to the surface, then the
deformation force. stress is called tangential stress.
Ø The restoring force at a point do not form action, Ø The stress which changes the shape of the body is
reaction pair with applied force. This force is called shearing stress
responsible for the elastic nature of the body. Tangential restoring force
Elastic Behaviour of Solids: Shearing stress =
Area of cross section
Ø In a solid, atoms (or) molecules are bonded
together by interatomic (or) intermolecular forces F
and stay in a stable equilibrium position.
Ø When a solid is deformed, the atoms (or) molecules
are displaced from their equilibrium positions causing A A
F
a change in the interatomic distances. When the
deforming force is removed, the interatomic forces
tend to drive them back to their original positions.
Thus the body regains its original shape and size. Fixed Fixed
Elasticity : Normal stress Tangential stress
The property of a material by virtue of which it (A) (B)
regains its original size and shape when deformation
Ø Shearing stress is a tangential stress which produce
force is removed is called elasticity.
Ex :Quartz, Diamond, Steel, Rubber etc... change in shape.
There is no perfectly elastic material exist in nature, Ø When normal stress changes the volume of the body
but quartz is the nearest perfectly elastic material. then it is called volume stress (or) bulk stress. It is
Elasticity is molecular property of matter. denoted by ‘B’.
Plasticity : Ø Longitudinal stress, bulk stress are kinds of normal
The property of a material by virtue of which it stresses which produce change in size.
does not regain its original size and shape after the Ø A hollow cylinder of inner and outer radii r1 and r2
deforming force is removed is called Plasticity. respectively is placed vertically on the horizontal
Ex : Putty dough, Chewing gum, Soldering lead surface, stress at the bottom of the cylinder is
Ø No material is perfectly plastic but putty is nearest mg
π ( r2 − r1 )
approach for perfect plastic material. 2 2
Stress
Ø The restoring force acting per unit area is called stress. WE- 2:A uniform rope of mass M and length L, on
which a force F is applied at one end, then
restoring force F find stress in the rope at a distance x from the
Stress = =
area of cross section A end where force is applied?
SI Unit : N/m 2 (or) Pascal. L
Dimensional formula: M 1 L− 1T − 2
Ø Longitudinal stress is called tensile stress when Sol. T F
there is an increase in length and compressive stress
when there is a decrease in length. x
Ø The normal stress developed due to elongation is M
called tensile stress. = mass per unit length
L
F
From F = Ma ⇒ a = M
F F
Ø The normal stress developed due to compression M
Tension, T = ( L − x ) a
is called compressive stress. L
M F F
T= ( L− x ) = ( L − x )
F L M L
F
Ø If the force is normal to the surface, then the stress T F x
Stress = A = A  1− L 
is called normal stress.
Normal restoring force Where tension T and area A must be perpendicular
Normal stress = for tensile stress.
Area of cross section

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WE-3.Two equal and opposite forces F and -F act relativedisplacementbetweentwoextremelayers

Shearing strain=
on a rod of uniform cross-sectional area A, as perpendiculardistancebetweenthelayers
shown in the figure. Find the (i) shearing (ii)
∆x
longitudinal stress on the section AB. φ=
A L
Ø This strain is due to the change in shape of the body.
F F Ø Volume strain (or) Bulk strain
θ change in volume ∆V
B = =
Sol. (i) As the net force acting on the rod is zero, it is in original volume V
equilibrium. Let the tension in the segment AB be For isotropic substances:-
F1 . Applying Newton’s 2nd law for the segment 1 Shearing strain = 2 x longitudinal strain
Bulk strain = 3 x longitudinal strain
Fnet = F 1 − F = ma,
For a given material,
Longitudinal strain : Shear strain : Bulk strain=1:2:3
A 1
F sin θ Elastic limit :
The maximum value of the stress within which the
1
F 1 F body can regain its original size and shape is
θ called elastic limit.
θ Hooke's law :
B F cos θ
1
Ø Within the elastic limit, stress is directly
where, a=0 ;this gives, F 1 = F proportional to strain.
Resolving the force F1 parallel and perpendicular Stress ∝ strain
to the given area AB(= A1 , say), Stress = E × Strain
we have Ftan = F 1 cos θ ; Flong = F 1 sin θ Where E = Modulus of elasticity
Ø Within the elastic limit, stress-strain graph is a straight
F F 1 cos θ line passing through the origin.
Then, Pshearing = tan1 =
A A1
A
where, A1 = andF 1 = F
sin θ
F sin θ cos θ
Stress

This gives, Pshearing =

A
Flong
(ii) Similarly, Plong = 1 θ
A O Strain
=
F 1 sin θ
whereA1 =
A
and F 1 = F tan θ = slope ( m) = E ; Slope of the graph is E.
A1 sin θ Spring balance works on the principle of Hooke's law.
F Modulus of elasticity depends on the nature of
This gives, Plong = sin 2 θ
the material, but it is independent of dimensions.
A
Strain : Stress - Strain Curve:
The change produced per unit dimension is called strain. Ø Behaviour of a wire under increasing load.
change in dimension
Strain =
original dimension D
It has no units and dimensions. B E
Stress

Shearing strain: A C
∆x
force

L φ O P Strain
A - Proportional limit B - Elastic limit
C - Yield point OP - Permanent set
E - Breaking point

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Ø Area under stress - strain curve gives strain energy
per unit volume.
Breaking Stress : The maximum stress that the
material can with stand without breaking is called
breaking stress.
Ø Breaking stress depends on the nature of the
material, but it is independent of dimensions.
Breaking force = Breaking stress x area of
cross section
Ø Breaking force is independent of length of the wire,
but it depends on the nature of material and area of
cross section.
F ∝ A, F ∝ r 2 [in case of cylindrical wire]
Ø The maximum length of the wire that can be hanged
without breaking under its own weight
breaking stress
l=
dg
Ø If we cut a wire that can support a maximum load
W into two equal parts, then each part of the wire
can support a maximum load W.
Punching a hole :
Ø The force required to punch a hole of radius 'r' in
a metal plate of thickness 't' is
F = Maximum shearing stress x 2πrt
Elastomers
Ø Substances like tissue of aorta, rubber etc.,which
can be stretched to cause large strains are called
elastomers.
Ø The stress - strain behaviour varies from material
to material.
Ø The figure shows stress-strain curve for the elastic
tissue of aorta, present in the heart.
1.0
Stress (10 Nm )
-2
6
0.5
O 0.5 1.0
Strain
Although elastic region is very large, the material does
not obey Hooke’s law over most of the region.
There is no well defined plastic region.
Elastic after effect :
Ø The delay in regaining the original state on removal
of the deforming force on a body is called
elastic after effect.
Ø For a perfectly elastic body, the elastic after
effect is zero.
Ø For a perfectly plastic body, the elastic after effect
is infinity.
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
Elastic Hysteresis : As a natural consequence of
the elastic after-effect, the strain in the body tends
to lag behind the stress applied to the body so that
during a rapidly changing stress, the strain is greater
for the same value of stress. This lag of strain behind
the stress is called elastic hysteresis.
Ø Due to elastic hysteresis, the original curve (OAB)
is not retraced when the deforming force is
removed, although finally acquires natural length.
Ø The figure clearly indicates that the work done by
the material in returning to its original shape is less
than the work done by the deforming force Hence,
some amount of energy is absorbed by the material
in the cycle which appears as heat.
Ø The magnitude of the energy absorbed is
proportional to the area of the loop. The material
having low elastic hysteresis have low elastic
relaxation time.
B
Stress
A
C
O
Strain
Ø For a given load the elongation of steel wire is less
than rubber. So steel is more elastic than rubber.
Ø Springs are made of steel, because it is more elastic.
Ø Elasticity of a material will decrease with increase
of temperature.
Ø For rubber elasticity will increase with increase of
temperature.
Ø For invar steel elasticity is independent of
temperature.
Ø Annealing means slow cooling of material after
heating. It decreases the elastic property.
Ø Elastic property of a material changes with addition
of impurity.
Elastic Modulus:
The ratio of stress and strain is called elastic modulus.
Young's modulus (Y)
Within the elastic limit,
Longitudinalstress F/A FL
Y= = =
Longitudinalstrain ∆L / L A∆L
Dimensional formula: M 1 L− 1T − 2
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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III

Ø From Searle's experiment the Young's modulus of modulii Y1, Y2 respectively ,and combination
the material of wire can be determined by using. behaves as a single wire.
Mgl stress produced in two wires is same
Y=
πr 2e
Ø The graph between load and elongation is a straight e1 Y1
line passing through the origin.
Ø Y depends only on the nature of material, e2 Y2
but it is independent of dimensions of material
Ø Y is defined for solids but not for liquids and gases.
Ø Y for perfectly rigid body is infinity Total elongation is e = e1 + e2
Ø If the load attached to the wire and Y are constants
F l eff F l1 F l2 l1 + l 2 l 1 l 2
l = + = +
, then e∝ 2 A Yeff A Y1 A Y2 , Yeff Y1 Y2
r
1 if two wires are having same length, l 1 = l 2 then
If length is also constant, then e∝
r2 2 1 1 2Y Y
If volume of the wire is constant, then = + ⇒ Yeff = 1 2
Yeff Y1 Y2 Y1 + Y2
1 1
e ∝ l2 ; e ∝ ; e ∝
A2 r4 Two wires connected in parallel
Ø When a load is suspended from a wire of negligible Ø Two wires of same length but different area of cross
mass. Its elongation is e1 . Then section A1 , A2 are joined in parallel and loaded. If
F l Mg l the young’s moduli of the materials of the wires are
e1 = × = × Y1 & Y2 and the combination behaves as a single
A Y A Y
wire
If the load is immersed in a liquid of density 'ρ' The strain produced in the two wires is same
then the new elongation is e2 . Then
 ρ Y1 Y2
Mg ′ l Mg 1 −  l
e2 = × =  d
A Y AY A1 A2
 ρ
⇒ e2 = e1 1 − 
 d
( e2 < e1 )
where d is density of the body
Ø The elongation produced in a wire when a mass W
Ø Elongation produced in the two wires is same but
hung at the free end of the wire is partially immersed stress is shared between them
( Mg − Vin ρg ) L (stress)1 +(stress)2 =stress
in a liquid =
AY F F F
Vin - volume of mass immersed in Liquid = 1 + 2
Aeff A1 A2
L - Length of the wire
ρ - Density of liquid Yeff Aeff Y1 A1 Y2 A2
A - Area of cross-section of wire = +
l l l
Ø Relation between interatomic force constant ( K)
and Young’s modulus (Y) is K = Y r Y1A1 +Y2 A2 =Yeff [ A1 + A2 ]
where r is interatomic distance Y1 A1 + Y2 A2
Two wires connected in series = Yeff . If two wires are of same area
A1 + A2
Two wires of different length l1 , l 2 and of same Y1 + Y2
radii are joined end to end and loaded. Young’s of cross section, A1 = A2 , Yeff =
2
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Ø A block of mass m is suspended with a wire of 1 mgL 1 ρ gL2

length l and of uniform area of cross section at one e=l= =
end, other end is connected to a rigid support and 2 YA 2 Y
is rotated in vertical circle, the elongation of the it indicates that the elongation of the rod is
wire when the mass is at highest and lowest points proportional to square of the length of the rod.
is WE-4: A 8m long string of rubber, having density
v2 1.5×103 kg/m3 and young's modulus 5×106 N/m2
is suspended from the ceiling of a room. The
T2 increase in its length due to its own weight
mg
will be (g=10m/s2 )
Sol: Given length =8m, Density ρ = 1.5 ×103 kg / m3
T1 Young’s modulus,
v1 Y = 5 × 106 N / m2 , g = 10m / s 2
mg The increase in its length due to its own weight
Ø Tension in the wire when the mass is at lowest
mv12 l 2ρg 82 ×1.5 ×103 ×10
point is T1 = mg + e= = =9.6×10−2 m
l 2Y 2×5 ×10 6

F l T1l
∴ elongation e1 = AY = AY WE-5: The length of a metal wire is l1 when the
tension in it is F1 and l2 when the tension
Ø Tension in the wire when the mass is at highest
becomes F2 . Find the natural length of wire
mv22 [2012M]
point is T2 = − mg
l Sol. Let l be the natural length of the wire for the force
F l T2l F1l Fl
∴ elongation e2 = AY = AY F1 if elongation is e1 . e1 =
AY
⇒Y = 1
Ae1
Ø If it just completes the vertical circle Similarly for the force F2 , if elongation is e2
v1 = 5 gl and T1 = 6 mg e2 =
F2l Fl
⇒ Y = 2 , l = l + e and l = l + e
Elongation of the rod due to its own weight AY Ae2 1 1 2 2

A rod of uniform cross sectional area A and length Fl F2 l

Y= 1
=
L, and weight W is suspended vertically from a A( l1 − l ) A ( l2 − l )
fixed support. If the material of the rod is ⇒ F1 ( l2 − l) = F2 ( l1 − l ) and F1l2 − F1l = F2 l1 − F2 l
homogeneous and its modulus of elasticity Y, l F −l F
( F2 − F1 ) l = l1F2 − l2 F1
or l = ( F − F ) .
1 2 2 1

2 1
WE-6.A horizontally oriented uniform copper rod
L of length l is rotating about a vertical axis
dx passing through its centre. Calculate the
rotated frequency at which the rod ruptures.
x Breaking or rupture strength of copper is σ
and density of copper is ρ .
then elongation due to its own weight is non uniform ω
in different parts of the rod.The
element closer to support elongates more dx
[since stress is higher w.r.t free end of rod]
Stress on given cross section dx is F F+dF
W  x
 x dS W
dS =   , elongation, dl = Y dx = YAL xdx
L
A Sol. The stress is zero at the free surface end and
L
W maximum at the axis. Therefore the rod will ruptures
totalelongation,l = ∫ dl = ∫ xdx at the middle. Let us consider an element of rod at
o
YAL
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a distance x from the axis, the mass of element Rupture takes place when f = σ
dm= ρ Adx, Applying Newton’s second law
σ
F − ( F + dF ) = ( dm) an , − dF = ( ρ Adx ) ω 2 x ∴σ = δω 2 R 2 ⇒ω = and
δR2
x2
∫ −dF =∫ ( ρ Adx ) ω x , F = −ρ Aω +C σ σ
2 2
1 1
2 n = =
2π δ R 2
2π R δ
l ρ Aω 2l 2
at x = ,F = 0 ∴C = WE-8: A body of mass m is connected to an
2 8 inextensible thread of length L is whirled in
Aω 2  l 2  horizontal circle. Find the maximum angular
Now F = ρ  − x2 
2 4  velocity with which it can be whirled without
breaking the thread (Breaking stress of thread
Aω 2 l2
at x = 0, F = ρ and =S).
8
Sol. T = F centripetal = mLω
2
F ρω 2l2
Stress S = = force
A 8
Rupture of rod will occur when S = σ , Tmax mLωmax 2
SA
S= = ; ω max =
A A mL
ρω 2l 2 8σ 1 8σ
∴ =σ ⇒ω = 2 ;
n= WE-9: In the given graph extension (e) of a wire
ρl 2π ρl
2
8 of length 1m is suspended from the top of a
WE-7:A ring of radius R made of lead wire of roof at one end and with a load W connected
to other end , if the cross sectional area of the
breaking strength σ and density δ , is rotated
wire is 10-6m2 , the Young’s modulus of the
about a stationary vertical axis passing material of wire is
through its centre and perpendicular to its
plane.Calculate the number of rotation per  e ×10 −4 m 
 
second at which the ring ruptures.
dmω R
2

4
ω
3
θ/2 θ/2 2
R T θ/2 θ/2 T 1

W[N]
O 20 40 60 80
e 1
Sol. Due to rotation, each part of the ring experiences Sol. From graph, slope= = ×10−4
W 20
an outward force (centrifugal force). Because of
W F F l W  l
this force, the ring will rupture. or = = 20 × 104 , Y = × =   ×
Let us consider small part of the ring, which subtend e e A e e  A
an angle θ at the centre, 1
= 20 ×104 × −6 = 2 × 1011 N / m2
Mass of the element ( dm) = δ dV = δ ( ARθ ) 10
∴ 2T sin θ / 2 = ( dm ) ω 2 R WE-10 : A slightly conical wire of length l and
When θ is small sin θ / 2 → θ / 2 radiir1 and r2 is stretched by two forces each
∴2T ×θ / 2 = (δ ARθ ) ω 2 R ⇒ T = δ Aω 2 R2 of magnitude F applied parallel to length in
opposite directions and normal to end faces.
The stress at any section of the ring If Y denotes the Young’s modulus, then find
T δ Aω 2 R 2 the elongation of the wire ( r2 > r1 ) .
f = = = δω 2 R2
A A
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dx WE-12 : A uniform rod of radius R and Length L

r1 rx r2 is rotated with some angular velocity ω in a
F F horizontal plane about a vertical axis passing
through one of its ends, then find the tension
x and elongation in the rod?
Sol.
ω
Sol. Consider an element of length dx at distance x as
shown in the figure. The radius of the r
T + dT T
 r2 − r1 
section rx = r1 +  x
 l  dr
F ( dx ) Fdx L
Extension of the element d l = =
π rx Y
2
AxY
Elongation of total wire is Tension in small element of mass dm is
l
Fdx Fl dT = dmr ω 2 ⇒ dT = − ρ Adrr ω2
l = ∫ dl =∫ =
 r −r 
2
πr1r2Y. This tension is only due to centripetal force due to
0
π r1 + 2 1 x Y all elements between x=L to x=r
 l  r r
∴ T = ∫ dT = ∫ − ρ Aω 2 r d r = ρ Aω 2 ∫ −rdr
WE-11: A Steel rod of cross-sectional area 1m2 is L L
acted upon by forces as shown in the Fig.
1
Determine the total elongation of the bar. ∴T = ρ Aω 2  L 2 − r 2 
Take Y = 2.0 ×1011 N / m2 2
If ‘dy’ is the elongation in the element ‘dr’ then
A B C D
dy T  stress 
60kN 20kN 50kN
=
dr AY Q Strain = Y 
T
1m 2m ∫ dy = ∫ AY dr
Sol. The action of forces on each part of rod is shown 1 ρ Aω 2 2 2
L L
in figure y=∫
T
AY
dr = ∫ ( L − r ) dr
A B B C 20kN C D O O 2 AY
10kN
1 ρ ω 2 L3
60kN 60kN 50kN 50kN Total elongation in the rod y=
60kN 50kN 3 Y
A B B C C D WE-13: A uniform rod of length L and mass M is
pulled horizontally on a smooth surface with
60kN 60kN 70kN 70kN 50kN 50kN a force F elongation of the rod of a material
We know that the extension due to external force of Young’s modulus Y is
F is given by x L-x
Fl
e= F
AY Sol. dx

∴ e AB =
( 60 ×103 ) × 1.5
= 4.5 × 10−7 m
L
Let a small element dx from the free end of the
1× 2 × 10 11
rod, the magnitude of force at this section is

e BC =
( 70 × 10 3 ) × 1
= 3.5 × 10 − 7 m
F
F1 = × ( x) ,
1× 2 ×10 11
L

and eC D =
( 50 × 10 3 ) × 2
= 5.0 ×10 −7 m
Elongation on this differential element is
F
1 × 2 × 10 11 de =
YAL ∫
× x × dx ;Total elongation, e = de
The total extension e = e AB + eBC + eC D L
F F  x2  1 FL
e = ∫0
L
xdx = e=
YAL  2  0 ⇒
−7 −7 −7
= 4.5 × 10 + 3.5 ×10 + 5.0 ×10 YAL 2 YA
−7
=13×10 m = 1.3µ m
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WE-14: A rod PQ of length 1.05 m having F1 F2

negligible mass is supported at its ends by two
wires one of steel (wire A), and the other of
aluminium (wire B) of equal lengths as shown
in Fig. The cross-sectional areas of wires A O
and B are 1.0 mm2 and 2.0mm2 respectively. P 1 Q
x
At what point along the rod a load W be
suspended in order to produce
(a) equal stress (b) equal strains in both W = mg
steel and aluminium.
(Ysteel=200 GPa, Yaluminium=70 GPa) F1 1.05 − x′
F1 x′ = F2 (1.05 − x′ ) or
=
A B F2 x′
7.35
Ysteel YAl ⇒ 7.35 − 7x′ = 10x′ ⇒ x′ = = 0.43m
17
WE-15: A light rod of length 100 cm is suspended
x
from the ceiling horizontally by means of two
vertical wires of equal lengths tied to the ends
P Q of the rod. One of the wires is of steel and is of
W2 area of cross section 0.1cm2 . The other wire is
Sol. (a) For wire A, A1 =1mm and for wire B,
A2 =2mm2 . If F1 and F 2 are the tensions in the wires of brass and of area of cross-section 0.2cm2 .
A and B to produce equal stresses in both as shown The position from the steel wire along the rod
in Fig, then at which a load is to be placed to produce equal
stresses in both wires is
F1 F2 F1 A1 1mm2 1
= or = = =
A1 A2 F2 A2 2mm2 2
(Y steel = 20 ×1011 dynes / cm2 ,Ybrass = 10 ×1011 dynes / cm2 )
Sol.
F1 F2 F1 F2

O O
P Q P Q
x x 100-x

W = mg W = mg
Given that stress in the wires is equal
If mass m is at a distance x from the end P of the F F F 0.1 1
rod PQ, then for rotational equilibrium of the rod ∴ 1 = 2 ⇒ 1 = =
A1 A2 F2 0.2 2
about O ,
As the system is in equilibrium and taking moments
F 1.05 − x
F1 x = F2 (1.05 − x ) ( or ) 1 = about ‘o’ F1 ( x ) = F2 (100 − x )
F2 x
1.05 − x 1 F1 100 − x 1
= ⇒ 2.1 − 2 x = x ⇒ x=0.7 m ⇒ = = ⇒ x = 200 cm
x 2 F2 x 2 3
b) If F1 and F2 are the tensions in the wires A and WE-16:Two elastic rods are fixed between two
B respectively to produce equal strain in both wires, rigid supports as shown in fig. Condition
then for no change in the length of individual rods
F1 F AY  
= 2 ⇒ 1 = 1 1 =  1mm 2  200GPa  = 10
F 2
with the increase of temperature is
AY
1 1 A2 Y2 F2 A2Y2  2mm   70GPa  7 α1 , α 2 → linear coefficients of expansion
If mass m is now placed at a distance x1 from the
A1 , A2 → area of cross-sections of the rods
end P of the rod PQ, for the rotational equilibrium
of the rod about O, Y1 , Y2 → Young’s moduli
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1/3
Y1A1α1  Mg 
Sol. x = l   ;Here, 2l = 1m, l = 0.5m,
Y2A2α2  YA 
Mass=100g=0.1 kg
Y=200Gpa=200 x 109 N/m2 =2 x1011 N/m2
1/3
 0.1×10 
L1 L2 x = 0.5   = 1.074 × 10− 2 m
 ( 2 × 10 )( 0.50 × 10 ) 
11 −6
Sol. Since tensions in the two rods are same,
F1=F2 ⇒Y1A1α1 ∆θ = Y2 A2α2 ∆θ ⇒Y1 A1α1 = Y2 A2α2 Rigidity modulus:
WE-17: A steel wire of area of cross-section A and Ø Within the elastic limit, the ratio of shearing stress
length 2L is clamped firmly between two rigid to the shearing strain is called rigidity modulus.
supports separated by a distance ‘2L’. A body shearing stress
is hung from the middle point of the wire such Rigidity modulus =
shearing strain
that the middle point sags by a distance x. unit: Nm-2
Calculate the mass of the body and the angle Dimensional formula: M 1 L− 1T − 2
made by the string with the horizontal.
(Young’s modulus of Steel =Y) Ø In this case, the shape of the body changes but its
volume remains unchanged
L L Ø Let us consider a cube whose lower face is fixed
and the tangential force F act on the upper face
θ θ whose area A,
x
F F F

Mg θ
x
Sol. Since 'θ ' is small ; sin θ ≈ tan θ =
L If the vertical sides of the cube shifts by an angle φ
( L + x2 ) − L
FL YAe YA  2 1/2 called shearing angle,then rigidity modulus is
Y= ;F = =
Ae L L   F/A F
η= =
YA   x2   YA  x2  φ Aφ
= L 1 + 2  − L  = L+ −L
L   2L   L  2L  It is a measure of resistance to alter the shape of
the body
YAx 2
Y= ...........(1); From the fig. S.I. unit : N/m2 (or) Pa
2L2 Ø If η is small for a wire, it can be twisted easily..
2 F sin θ = Mg ; 2 Fθ = Mg , from (1) Ø As the rigidity modulus of phosphor bronze is low,
 YAx 2  YAx2 x YAx3 it is used as suspension wire in moving coil
2  2  θ = Mg ⇒ 2 × = Mg ⇒ M = 3 galvanometer.
 2L  L L Lg
Ø A rod of length 'l' and radius r is fixed at one end.If
1/3
x 3 Mg
⇒ = 
x Mg  x the other free end is twisted through an angle θ .
=  ; since, Tanθ =
L 3
YA L  YA  L rθ
Then the angle of shear 'φ ' is given by φ = .
1/3 1/3 l
 Mg   Mg  φ
Tanθ =   ⇒ θ = Tan−1  
 YA   YA 
WE-18: A mild steel wire of length 1.0 m and cross- r r θ
sectional area 0.50 × 10-2cm 2 is stretched,
within its elastic limit horizontally between
two pillars. A mass of 100 g is suspended from
the midpoint of the wire. Calculate the
depression at the midpoint ( Ysteel = 200GPa )
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Ø A force F is applied tangentially on the upper face Torsion of a cylinder:

of a cube of side length L by fixing its lower face. Ø When one end of a cylinder of length l and radius
If l is the displacement of the upper face and A is r is clamped and the other end is given a twist
the area of the upper face, A = L2 . f then the restoring torque
phr 4 f
FL FL F
∴ Rigidity modulus, η = = = . t= ; where h = rigidity modulus
Al L2 l Ll 2l
Ø One end of the rod is fixed the other free end is WE-21: Two cylinders A and B of the same
twisted through an angle θ by applying a torque τ . material have same length, their radii being
1 in the ratio of 1:2 respectively. They are
The work done on the rod is W = τ θ joined end to end as shown in figure. The
2
WE-19 :The edge of an aluminium cube is 10 cm upper end of A is rigidly fixed. The lower end
long. One face of cube is firmly fixed to a of B is twisted through an angle θ , the angle
vertical wall. A mass of 100 kg is then attached of twist of the cylinder A is:
to the opposite face of the cube. The shear A
modulus of aluminium is 25 GPa. What is
the displacement of upper face relative to
lower face.
Sol. Here; L = 10cm = 10 −1 m ,
A = L2 = 10−2 m2
B
F = 100kg wt = 100 × 9.8N = 9.8 ×102 N .
η = 25 GPa = 25 ×109 Pa = 25 ×109 N / m 2 πη r 4
Sol. For cylinder A: τ = θ′
shear stress F/A FL 2l
As η = Shearstrain = ∆x / L = A∆x
πη ( 2r ) (θ − θ ′ )
4

For cylinder B: τ =
FL ( 9.8×10 )(10 )
2 −1
2l
∆x = =
Aη (10−2 )( 25×109 ) πη r 4
16 r 4
∴ θ ′ = πη (θ − θ ′)
= 0.4 ×10 −6 m = 4 ×10−7 m. 2l 2l
WE-20: A piece of copper having a rectangular θ ′ = 1 6θ − 16θ ′
cross-section of 15.2 mm × 19.1 mm is pulled r
in tension with 44,500 N force, producing
only elastic deformation. Calculate the
resulting strain. (shear modulus of elasticity A
of copper =42 GPa)
Sol. Here;
A = 15.2 mm× 19.1mm = 2.90 ×10 2 mm2
θ
= 2.90 × 10 − 4 m 2
F = 44,500 N , η = 42 GPa = 42 ×109 N / m2
F 44500N
Shear stress= = −4 2
= 1.53×108 N / m2
A 2.90 ×10 m
shear stress
As η = shearstrain , B

shear stress 1.53 ×108 2r θ

Shear strain = =
η 42 ×109
= 0.036 ×10 −1 = 3.6 ×10−3
16
∴θ ′ = θ
17
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∆V
= ( 79 × 1.013 ×105 ) × ( 45.8 ×10 −10 )
Bulk modulus (K) :
Ø Within the elastic limit the ratio between volume V
stress and bulk strain is called bulk modulus. = 36.65 ×10−3
∆V ( m / ρ ) − ( m / ρ )
volume stress
Bulk modulus =
1
ρ
bulk strain = =1 − 1
unit: Nm-2
but
V (m/ ρ) ρ
Dimensional formula: M 1 L− 1T − 2 ρ ∆V 1.03 ×103
=1− or ρ 1
=
F ρ′ V 1 − 36.65 × 10−3
V F − PV 1.03 ×103
K= A =− = ρ1 = = 1.07 × 10 3 kg / m 3
−∆V ∆V A ∆V 0.964
V WE-23: Determine the volume contraction of a
Ø Negative sign indicates the decrease in volume with solid copper cube, 10 cm on an edge, when
increase in pressure subjected to a hydraulic pressure of 7.0 ×106
K solids > Kliquids > Kgases Pa. (Bulk modulus for copper=140 GPa)
Ø If a block of coefficient of cubical expansion γ is Sol. Here; L = 10cm = 10 −1 m; V = L3 =10−3 m3,
heated through a rise in temperature of θ , then the ∆P = 7.0 ×106 Pa, K = 140 GPa = 140 × 109 Pa.
pressure to be applied on it to prevent its expansion
∆P V
= K γθ , where K is its bulk modulus. As K = ,
Ø When a rubber ball of volume V, bulk modulus K ∆V
∆P V ( 7.0 ×10 )(10 )
6 −3
is taken to a depth 'h' in water decrease in its
∆V = = = 5 ×10−8 m3
volume ∆V =
hdgV
; (d = density of material)
K (140 ×10 )9

K WE-24: The normal density of gold is ρ . It’s bulk

Ø For an incompressible material, ∆V = 0 , modulus is K. Find the increase in density of
so its bulk modulus is infinity. a piece of gold when a pressure P is applied
Solid possesses Y, η and K uniformly from all sides?
Liquids and gases possess only K. P dV P M
Ø Isothermal bulk modulus of the gas = P(Pressure) K= ⇒ = and ρ =
dV
Adiabatic bulk modulus of the gas = γp Sol. V K V
V
Cp
(where γ = ) ρ + ∆ρ =
M
⇒ ∆ρ =
M
−
M
CV V − ∆V V − ∆V V
adiabatic change involume ∆Va    
γ = = M 1  M  1 
isothermal change involume ∆Vi ∆ρ =  ∆ V − 1 ⇒ ∆ ρ =  P − 1
V 1 −  V 1 − 
Ø The reciprocal of bulk modulus is called
 V   K 
1 M  K − K + P
Compressibility. C = ∆ρ =
M K 
− 1 ⇒ ∆ρ =
K 
V K − P  V  K − P 
WE-22: What is the density of water at a depth
where the pressure is 79.0 atm, given its  P 
∆ρ = ρ  .
density at the surface is 1.03 ×103 kg / m3 ? K −P
Compressibility of water = 45.8 ×10 −10 pa −1. Poisson's ratio (σ ) :
Ø The ratio of lateral contraction strain to the
∆P ∆V ∆P
Sol. K = ⇒ = longitudinal elongation strain is called Poisson's
∆V V K ratio.
V lateral contractio n strain
σ=
∆V  1
⇒ = ( ∆P ) C Q C =  longitudin al elongation strain
V  K transversestrain −∆r / r
= =
longitudinalstrain ∆l / l
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Ø As it is a ratio, it has no units and dimensions. ∆A ∆r

A = π r 2 l, A α r 2 , = 2×
Ø Theoretical limits of σ = −1 to 0.5 A r
Practical limits of σ = 0.2 to 0.4 ∆A 20
= 2 × 0.32 × ×10 −4 = 1.16 ×10−4 m 2
Ø For an incompressible substance σ = 0.5 A 11
Ø The Poisson’s ratio of a given material is ' σ '. When Decrease in cross sectional area of the wire is
the load is applied on it, the longitudinal elongation ∆A = 1.16 × 10−4 ×10−6 = 1.16 ×10−10 m 2
∆l ∆r WE-26: When a wire of length 10 m is subjected to
strain is , the lateral contraction strain is ,
l r a force of 100N along its length, the lateral
Then the fractional change in its volume is strain produced is 0.01 × 10-3 .The Poisson’s
F ratio was found to be 0.4. If area of cross
F section of wire is 0.025m2 , its Young’s modulus
r-∆r is [2007 E]
Sol. Poisson’s ratio
r
∆r
lateralstrain −
σ= = r
longitudinalstrain ∆l
l
+∆
∆r
−
∆l 10 −5
∴ = r = = 25 × 10−6
l σ 0.4
From
Fl F 100
Y= = =
F A∆l  ∆l  25 ×10 × 25 ×10 −6
−3
A 
F  l 
volume of thewire V = π r l 2
= 1.6 × 10 N m 2
8

When a load is applied on a wire the fractional Relation among elastic constants Y, η ,K:
change in its volume is
9 1 3 9η K
∆V ∆r ∆l ∆V  ∆l  ∆l Ø = + (or) Y =
=2 + ⇒ V = 2  −σ l  + l Y K η 3K + η
V r l  
3 K − 2η
∆V ∆l Ø Y = 2η (1 + σ ) ; Y = 3K (1 − 2σ ) ; σ =
= [1 − 2σ ] 6 K + 2η
V l Elastic Potential Energy in A stretched Wire
WE-25: A tension of 20 N is applied to a copper Ø Work is done by the force in causing deformation
wire of cross sectional area 0.01 cm2 , Young’s (or) strain. This work done is stored in the body as
Modulus of copper is 1.1×10 11 N/m 2 and potential energy and is called strain energy.
Poisson’s ratio 0.32. The decrease in cross Ø When the applied force is removed, the strain
sectional area of the wire is [ENG-2013] energy is converted into heat energy and the
Sol. Given, tension=20N temperature of the body increases by a small
area of cross section = 0.01cm2 = 1x 10-6m2 amount.
Young’s Modulus, Y= 1.1 x 1011 N/m2 1
YA∆l ∆l F Ø E = (Stress) (Strain) (volume of body)
F= ⇒ = 2
l l YA
1 1 e 2 AY
20 W = Fe =
= −6 =
20
×10 −4 N , 2 2 l
1.1 ×10 ×10
11
11 Ø Strain energy per unit volume of the body is given
From Poisson’s ratio E 1 1
∆r ∆l 20 by = (Stress) (Strain) = Y ( Strain) 2
=σ × = 0.32 × × 10−4 V 2 2
r l 11 2
( Stress)
area of the wire is =
2Y
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Thermal force: WE-29: A copper wire 2m long is stretched by

Ø When a metal bar is fixed between two supports 1mm. If the energy stored in the stretched wire
and heated, it tries to expand and exerts force is converted into heat, then calculate the rise
on the walls. This is called thermal force. in temperature of the wire.
F = AYα ∆θ . ( Y = 12.5 ×1010 N / m2 ;
Thermal force is independent of length of the bar. ρ = 9 × 103 kg / m3 ; s = 385 J / Kg − K )
F AYα ∆θ
Thermal stress = = = Yα ∆θ . 1
Sol. m s ∆ t = 2 Y ( strain ) × ρ
2 m
A A
Thermal stress is independent of length and area of 2
cross section and depends on its nature 1 Y  e
∆t = × ×  
Ø Thermal strain = α ∆θ 2 sρ  l 
Ø Thermal energy stored in metallic bar 2
1 12.5×1010  1 
1 ( thermalstress ) ∆t = × × = 0.00450C
2
1
= Yα 2 ( ∆θ )
2
2 9 ×10 × 385 1000× 2 
=
3

2 Y 2 So the rise in temperature of the wire is 0.0045O C

WE-27 : Find the pressure that has to be applied
to the ends of a steel wire of length 10 cm, to WE-30:A catapult consists of two parallel rubber
keep its length constant when its temperature cords each of length 20 cm and cross- sectional
is raised by 1000 C is [AIE-2014] area 5 cm2 .When stretched by 8 cm, it can
throw a stone of mass 4gm to a vertical height
Ysteel = 2 ×1011 N / m 2 α wire = 1.1× 10−5 / K 5 m, the Young’s modulus of elasticity of
F rubber is  g = 10 m /sec 2 
Sol. Pressure , P =
A Sol. The total elastic potential energy is converted
F/A F ∆l into gravitational potential energy
but Y = ⇒ =Y = Yα∆ t
∆l A l 1 YAe 2 2mghL
l × = mgh ⇒ Y = 2
2 L Ae
∴ P = Yα ∆t = 2 ×1011 ×1.1×10−5× 102 = 2.2× 10+8 Pa
mghL
for a single string, Y =
WE-28 : A 40 kg boy whose legs are 4cm2 in area
50cm long falls through a height of 2m Ae 2
without breaking his leg bones. If the bones
4 ×10−3 ×10 × 5 × 20 ×10 −2 4 ×10−2
can withstand a stress of 0.9 ×108 N / m 2 . = =
5 × 10−4 × (8 ×10−2 )
2
Calculate the Young’s modulus of material of 5× 64 ×10−8
the bone.
Sol. Mass=40Kg,area of each leg=4cm2 =4 x 10-4m2 = 1.25 ×104 N / m 2
breaking stress = 0.9 ×108 N / m 2 , WE-31: A uniform cylinder of length L and mass
length of each leg = 50cm=50 x 10-2m. m having cross-sectional area A is suspended
with its length vertical from a fixed point by a
1 ( stress )
2

From E = 2 × Y × A× L mass less spring, such that it is half submerged

in a liquid of density at equilibrium position,
Where elastic energy of bone in the form of the extension x0 of the spring when it is in
equilibrium is [AIE-2013]
potential energy, E = mgh ; For two legs,
Sol. F= Kx0 [restoring force in spring]
æ 1 stress 2 ö
mgh = 2çç ´ ´volume÷÷÷ , F FB FB = buoyant force = ( mg ) liqdisplaced
çè 2 ø÷
.
AL
Y = σ g , at equilibrium Fnet=0
2
(0.9 ´108 ) ´4´10- 4 ´50´10-2 From free body diagram,
2

Y= K x0 +
AL
σ g = mg
40´ 9.8´ 2 2 AL
⇒ K x0 = mg − 2 σ g
= 2.05´10 N / m2
9

mg  ALσ 
x0 = 1−
mg K  2 m 
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Spring : 3. Which of the following effects the elasticity of

F a substance
Ø For a given spring F ∝ x; F = Kx ; K = 1) hammering and annealing
x
k is called spring constant (or) force constant (or) 2) change in temperature
stiffness constant. 3) impurity in substance 4) all of these
Spring constant in terms of Young's modulus, area STRESS & STRAIN
YA 4. A spiral spring is stretched by a force, the
of cross section and length K = resultant strain produced in the spring is
l 1) volume strain 2) longitudinal strain
Ø P.E. of a stretched spring 3) shearing strain 4) all the above
1 1 F2 5. Three wires A, B, C made of different
E = Kx 2 = Fx = materials elongated by 1.5,2.5,3.5 mm, under
2 2 2K
K K
a load of 5kg. If the diameters of the wires
Ø Springs in series, Keff = 1 2 are the same, the most elastic material is that
K +K
1 2 of
Ø Springs in parallel , Keff = K1 + K2 1)A 2)B 3)C 4) A, B & C are correct
6. The modulus of elasticity is dimensionally
Ø Two springs having force constants K1 & K 2
equivalent to
( K1 > K2 ) are stretched by same amount then 1) stress 2) surface tension
more work is done on the first spring W ∝ K . 3) strain 4) coefficient of viscosity
Ø Two springs having force constants K1 ,K2 (K 1 >K2) 7. Modulus of elasticity for a perfectly elastic
are stretched by same force then more work is body is
done on the second spring. W ∝ 1 / K . 1) Zero 2) infinity3)1 4) 2
8. The only elastic modulus that applies to fluids
Ø If energy is same for both the springs the relation is
between force and spring constant is F ∝ K . 1) young’s modulus 2) bulk modulus
WE-32 :A spring of force constant 800 N/m has an 3) modulus of rigidity 4) all the above
extension of 5cm, The work done in extending 9. As temperature increases the Young’s modulus
it from 5cm to 15cm is of the material of a wire
Sol. W = K ( x2 − x1 ) = × 800 15 − 5  ×10
1 2 2 1 2 2 −4
1)increases 2)decreases
3)remains the same 4)becomes infinite
2 2
10. If stress is numerically equal to young’s
= 400 ×[ 225 − 25] ×10 −4 = 4 × 10−2 × 200 = 8J modulus, the elongation will be
WE-33: Two springs of spring constants 1500 N/m 1)1/4 the original length
and 3000 N/m respectively are stretched by 2)1/2 the original length
the same force. The potential energy gained 3) equal to the original length
by the two springs will be in the ratio 4)twice the original length
11. A wire elongates by1 mm when a load W is
F2
Sol. From W = , if force F is same on two springs hung from it. If the wire goes over a pulley
2K and the elongation of the wire will be
1 1 U 1 = K 2 = 3000 = 2 1) 0.5mm 2) 1 mm 3) 2mm4) 4mm
Wα orUα , 12. An iron bar of length L. cross-section A and
K K U 2 K1 1500 1 Young’s modulus Y is pulled by a force F from
ends so as to produce an elongation l. Which of
C.U.Q the following statements is correct?
ELASTIC BEHAVIOUR 1 1
1) lα 2) lα A 3) lα 4) lα Y
1. Reason for the deformation of a regular body L A
is 13. The bulk modulus for an incompressible liquid
1)bulk strain 2) shearing strain is
3)linear strain 4)lateral strain 1) infinity 2) unity
2. For a gas elastic limit 3) zero 4) between 0 and 1
1) exists 2) eoes not exist 14. Shearing strain is expressed by
3) exists only at absolute zero 1) angle of twist 2) angle of shear
4) exists for a perfect gas 3) decrease in volume 4) increase in volume

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15. Breaking force per unit area of cross section HOOKE’S LAW
of a wire is called 24. According to Hooke’s law of elasticity, the
1) yield point 2) tensile stress ratio of stress to strain
3) ductility 4) breaking stress 1) does not remain constant 2) remains constant
16. The property of metals where by they could 3) increases 4) decreases
be drawn into thin wires beyond their elastic
limit without breaking is 25. The law which governs the working of a spring
1) ductility 2) malleability balance is
3) elasticity 4) hardness 1) Kepler’s law 2) Robert Hooke’s law
17. The breaking stress of a wire depends upon 3) Newton’s law 4) Young’s law
1)material of the wire 2)length of the wire 26. A body subjected to strain a number of times
3)radius of the wire 4)shape of the cross section does not obey Hooke’s law due to
18. A wire can sustain the weight of 40kg before 1) yield point 2) breaking stress
breaking. If the wire is cut into 4 equal parts, 3) elastic fatigue 4) permanent set
each part can sustain a weight of....kg 27. A heavy mass is attached to a thin wire and is
1)40 2)160 3)10 4)20 whirled in a vertical circle. The wire is most
19. Force vs elongation graph of a wire is shown likely to break
in the figure. At two different temperatures T1 1) when the mass is at the lowest point
& T2 then 2) when mass is at the highest point
Y 3) when wire is horizontal
T2
Elongation

−1  1 
T1 4) when mass is at an angle of cos   from
 2
upward vertical
O Force
X STRESS - STRAIN CURVE
1)T1 = T2 2) T1 < T2 28. Steel is preferred for making springs over
3)T1 > T2 4) cannot be predicted copper because
20. If the length of the wire is doubled the strain 1)Y of steel is more than that of copper.
produced is 2) steel is cheaper
1) 0.5 2) 1 3) 0.25 4) 2 3)Y of copper is more than steel
21. A copper and steel wire of same diameter and 4) steel is less likely to be oxidised
length are connected end to end and a force is 29. Elongation of a wire under its own weight is
applied which stretches their combined length independent of
by 1cm, the two wires will have
1) the same stress and strain 1) length 2) area of cross section
2) the same strain but different stresses 3) density 4) young’s modulus
3) the same stress but different strains 30. The Young’s modulus of a wire of length ‘L’ and
4) different stress and strains radius ‘r’ is ‘Y’. If length is reduced to L/2 and
22. An iron bar of length l, cross section A and radius r/2 then young’s modulus will be
Young’s modulus Y is heated from 00 C to 1)Y/2 2) 2Y 3)Y 4) 4Y
1000 C. If this bar is held so that it is not 31. Dimensional formula of Young’s modulus is
permitted to bend and to expand, the force F 1) M 1 L− 1T − 2 2) M 1L1T 2
that is developed, is proportional to 3) M −1L2T −2 4) M −1L3T −2
1)l 2) l 3) l 0 4)l-1 32. The modulus of rigidity of a liquid is
23. Three wires A,B,C made of the same material 1) zero 2)1 3) infinity
and radius have different lengths. The graphs 4) some other finite value
in the figure show the elongation-load 33. The Young’s modulus of air is
variation. The longest wire is 1) infinity
Y
C 2) more than1but not infinity
Elongation

B 3) less than 1 but not zero 4)zero

A
34. Young’s modulus for perfectly plastic body is
1) zero 2) infinite
3)1 4) some other finite value
O Load
X 35. Young’s modulus for a perfectly rigid body is
1)A 2)B 3)C 4)All 1) zero 2) 1 3) infinite 4)some other finite value

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36. Graph between the applied force & the change in
length of a wire within elastic limit is a
1) straight line with negative slope
2) straight line with zero slope
3) Straight line with positive slope
4) None of the above
37. Which of the following substances has the
highest elasticity
1) Rubber 2) Steel3) Copper 4) Wood
38. A steel wire is stretched by 5kg wt. If the
radius of the wire is doubled its Young’s
modulus
1) remains unchanged 2) becomes double
3) becomes half 4) becomes 1/4 times
39. A stone is suspended in a tub of water with
copper wire. Another stone of equal mass is
suspended in kerosene with equal length of
copper wire then
1) Young’s modulus is more in the first case
2) Young’s modulus is more in the second case
3) elongation will be less in the former case
4) elongation will be more in the former case
40. Consider an ideal monoatomic gas of volume
V at pressure P. The bulk modulus at constant
temperature is
P PdP
1) 2) P 3) γP 4)
2 dV
41. If K is the force constant of a spring the work
done (against restoring force) in increasing its
extension from l1tol2 will be
1) K ( l2 − l1 ) 2) K / 2 ( l 2 + l1 )
46. The Poisson’s ratio σ should satisfy the
relation
1) -1< σ <0.5 2) -0.5< σ <1.0
3) 0.5< σ <1.0 4) -10.< σ <-0.5
47. Possible value of Poisson’s ratio is
1)1 2) 0.9 3) 0.8 4) 0.4
48. The graph shows the behaviour of a steel wire
in the region for which the wire obeys Hooke’s
law. The graph is a part of a parabola. The
variables x and y might represent.
Y
O X
a) X= stress; Y= strain
b) X= strain; Y= stress
c) X= strain; Y= elastic energy
d) X= elastic energy; Y= strain
49. The elastic after effect shows that the
1) strain in a material is lagging behind stress
2) strain produced is quick
3) elasticity of the material vanishes
4) strain is developed very slowly
50. A student plotted a graph from his readings
on the determination of Young’s modulus of a
metal wire but forgotten to label. The
quantities on x and y cannot represent.
Y

3) K ( l 22 − l12 ) 4) ( l 2 − l1 )
K 2 2
2 X
42. A wire of length L and cross section A has O
1) weight hung and extension
Young’s modulus of material Y. It is stretched 2) stress applied and extension
by an amount x, the work done against 3) stress applied and strain produced
restoring force is 4) stress applied and energy stored.
YAx YAx 2 YAx 2 2YAx 2 ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY
1) 2) 3) 4)
2L L 2L L 51. A wire extends by ‘ l ’ on the application of load
43. The following substances which possess ‘mg’. Then, the energy stored in it is
rigidity modulus 1) mgl 2) mgl/2 3) mg/l 4) mgl 2
1) only Solids 2) only liquids
3) liquids and Gases 52. A metallic rod of length ‘L’ and cross-section
4) solids, Liquids and Gases ‘A’ has Young’s modulus ‘Y’ and coefficient of
44. The Poisson’s ratio cannot have the value linear expansion ‘ α ’. If the rod is heated to a
1)0.7 2)0.2 3)0.1 4)0.3 temperature ‘T’ the energy stored per unit
45. When a rubber cord is stretched, the change volume is:
in volume is negligible compared to the change 1 1
1) Y α T 2) YAα T
2 2 2 2
in its linear dimension. Then Poisson’s ratio 2 2
for rubber is
1 1 2 2 2
1) infinite 2) Zero 3) 0.5 4)-1 3) YAα T 4) YA α T
2 2

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53. The stress-strain curves for brass, steel and 57. The load versus elongation graph for wires of
rubber are shown in the figure. The lines A,B same length and same material is shown in Fig.
and C are for The thin wire is represented by
Load
A
B D
C
STRESS B
C
A

O Elongation
O 1) OA 2) OB 3) OC 4) OD
STRAIN 58. Which of the following stress versus strain
1) rubber, brass and steel respectively
2) brass, Steel and rubber respectively curve represents cast iron?
3) steel, brass and rubber respectively

Stress

Stress
4) steel, rubber and brass respectively.
2)
54. When a small block is suspended at the lower 1)
end of an elastic steel wire hanging from the O Strain O Strain
ceiling, there is a loss in gravitational
potential energy(U) of earth-block system

Stress
Stress
then 3) 4)
1) the lost energy is irrecoverable
2) the entire energy can be recovered O Strain O Strain
3) the lost energy which is irrecoverable is ‘U’ 59. A graph is shown between stress and strain
4) the lost energy which is irrecoverable is U/2 for a metal. The part in which Hooke’s law
55. The diagram represents the applied force per holds good is
unit area (F) with the strain (X) produced in a
thin wire of uniform
F d
Stress

b c
a
d
b c
a O Strain
1) OA 2) AB 3) BC 4) CD
O X 60. In the above graph, point B indicates
cross – section in the curve shown. The region 1) Breaking point 2) Limiting point
in which the wire behaves like a viscous liquid 3) Yield point 4) Elastic limit
is 61. In the above graph, point D indicates
1) ab 2) bc 3) cd 4) oa 1) Limiting point 2) Yield point
56. A uniform rod is fixed at one end to a rigid 3) Breaking point 4) Elastic limit
support, its temperature is gradually 62. The strain-stress curves of three wires of
increased the representation of graph strain different materials are shown in the figure. P,
(e) versus increment in temperature ∆θ is Q and R are the elastic limits of the wires.
The figure shows that
c
P
a Q
Stress

e b
R

O Strain
1) Elasticity of wire ‘P’ is maximum

O 2) Elasticity of wire ‘Q’ is maximum

∆θ
3) Tensile strength of ‘R’ is maximum
1) d 2) a 3) c 4) b 4) Elasticity P, Q & R are same
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63. The diagram shows a force-extension graph

for a rubber band. Consider of the following
statements Q

Stress O P
1) P = applied force, Q = extension
2) extension, applied force
O Strain 3) extension, stored elastic energy
I. It will be easier to compress this rubber than 4) stored elastic energy, extension
expand it 68. The potential energy U between two
II. Rubber does not return to its original length after molecules as a function of the distance X
it is stretched between them has been shown in the figure.
III. The rubber band will get heated if it is stretched The two molecules are
and released U
Which of these can be deduced from the graph
1) III only 2)II and III 3)I and III 4)I only
64. The stress versus strain graphs for wires of 0 X
two materials ‘A’ and ‘B’ are as shown in the
figure. If YA and YB are the Young’s moduli of A B C
the materials, then 1) attracted when X lies between A and B
Y and are repelled when X lies between B and C
A 2) attracted when X lies between B and C and
are repelled when X lies between A and B
3) attracted when they reach B
Stress

0
B 4) repelled when they reach B
60 69. The value of force constant between the
0
30 applied elastic force F and displacement will
X
O Strain be
1) YB = 2YA 2) YA = YB Y
3) YB = 3YA 4) YA = 3YB
65. The load versus elongation graph for four wires
Force

of the same material is shown in the figure. The

thickest wire is represented by the line 0
Load 30
O Displacement X
D 1 1 3
C 1) 3 2) 3) 4)
3 2 2
B 70. The diagram show stress versus strain curve
A for the materials A and B . From the curves
we infer that
O Elongation
1) OD 2) OC 3) OB 4) OA A
Stress

66. When does an elastic metal rod change its

length?
1) If it fall vertically under its weight B
2) If it is pulled along its length by a force acting at
one end O Strain
3) If it is rotated about its own axis
4) If it slides on a smooth surface 1) A is brittle but B is ductile
67. The graph show the behaviour of a length of 2) A is ductile and B is brittle
wire in the region for which the substance 3) both A and B are ductile
obeys Hooke’s law. P and Q represent 4) both A and B are brittle

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71. What happens to the elastic property of a

substance after annealing (cooling slowly after
heating) LEVEL - I (C.W)
1) increases 2) decreases
3) remains constant 4) become zero STRESS & STRAIN
72. If a metal wire of length L, having area of 1. A 20 Kg load is suspended by a wire of cross
cross-section A and Young’s modulus Y, section 0.4 mm2 . The stress produced in N/m2
behaves as a spring of spring constant K. The is
value of K is 1) 4.9 x 10-6 2) 4.9 x 108
8
YA YA 2YA YL 3) 49 x 10 4) 2.45 x 10-6
1) 2) 3) 4) 2. The length of a wire is 4m. Its length is
L 2L L A
73. The point of maximum and minimum attraction increased by 2mm when a force acts on it. The
in the curve between potential energy (U) and strain is
distance (r) of a diatomic molecules are 1) 0.5 x 10-3 2) 5 x 10-3 3) 2 x 10-3 4) 0.05
respectively 3. An air filled balloon is at a depth of 1 km below
U the water level in an ocean. Determine the
normal stress on the balloon
P (atmospheric pressure = 105 pa)
1) 98 ×105 N / m 2 2) 99 × 105 N / m 2
Q r 3) 98 ×103 N / m 2 4) 99 × 103 N / m 2
O
T ELASTIC MODULI AND YOUNG’S
S
MODULUS
R 4. In the Searle’s method to determine the
1) S and R 2) T and R Young’s modulus of a wire, a steel wire of
3) R and S 4) S and T length 156cm
74. The linear strain in x, y and z directions are and diameter 0.054 cm is taken as
ex , ey and ez respectively. Then the volumetric experimental wire. The average increase in
strain is given by length for 1.5 kg wt is found to be 0.050cm. Then
the Young’s modulus of the wire is
1) ex ey ez 2) ex + ey + ez 1) 3.002 × 1011 N/m2 2) 1.002 × 1011 N/m2
ex + e y 3) 2.002 × 10 N/m11 2
4) 2.5 × 1011 N/m2
3) ez = ex ey 4) ez = 5. An elongation of 0.1% in a wire of cross-
2 section 10-6m2 causes a tension of 100N. Y for
C.U.Q- KEY
the wire is
01) 2 02) 2 03) 4 04) 3 05) 1 06) 1 1) 1012 N/m2 2)1011 N/m2 3)1010 N/m2 4)100 N/m2
07) 2 08) 2 09) 2 10) 3 11) 2 12) 3 6. The length of two wires are in the ratio 3 : 4.
Ratio of the diameters is 1:2; young's modulus
13) 1 14) 2 15) 4 16) 1 17) 1 18) 1 of the wires are in the ratio 3:2; If they are
19) 2 20) 2 21) 3 22) 3 23) 3 24) 2 subjected to same tensile force, the ratio of
25) 2 26) 3 27) 1 28) 1 29) 2 30) 3 the elongation produced is
1) 1 :1 2) 1 :2 3) 2 : 3 4) 2 : 1
31) 1 32) 1 33) 3 34) 1 35) 3 36) 3 7. The ratio of diameters of two wires of same
37) 2 38) 1 39) 3 40) 2 41) 4 42) 3 material is n:1. The length of each wire is 4m.
On applying the same load, increase in length
43) 1 44) 1 45) 3 46) 1 47) 4 48) 4 of the thin wire will be ( n>1)
49) 1 50) 4 51) 2 52) 1 53) 3 54) 4 1) n2 times 2) n times
3) 2n times 4) (2n+1) times
55) 2 56) 2 57) 1 58) 2 59) 1 60) 3 8. An aluminium rod has a breaking strain 0.2%.
61) 3 62) 1 63) 1 64) 4 65) 1 66) 2 The minimum cross-sectional area of the rod
67) 3 68) 2 69) 2 70) 2 71) 2 72) 1 in m2 in order to support a load of 104 N is if
(Young’s modulus is 7 × 109 Nm–2 )
73) 4 74) 2 1) 1.7 × 10– 4 2) 1.7 × 10– 3
3) 7.1 × 10 – 4 4) 1.4 × 10– 4

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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
9. A metallic ring of radius 2cm and cross sectional
area 4cm2 is fitted into a wooden circular disc
of radius 4cm. If the Young's modulus of the
material of the ring is2 x 1011 N/m2 , the force
with which the metal ring expands is:
1) 2 x 107 N 2) 8 x 107 N
7
3) 4 x 10 N 4) 6 x 107 N
10. The length of a metal wire is 10cm when the
tension in it is 20N and 12cm when the tension
is 40N. Then natural length of the wire is in
cm
1) 6 2) 4 3) 8 4) 9
11. A solid sphere hung at the lower end of a wire
is suspended from a fixed point so as to give an
elongation of 0.4mm. When the first solid
sphere is replaced by another one made of same
material but twice the radius, the new
elongation is
1) 0.8mm 2)1.6mm 3) 3.2mm 4)1.2mm
12. The extension of a wire by application of load
is 0.3cm. The extension in a wire of same
material but of double the length and half the
radius of cross section by the same load will
be in (cm)
1) 0.3 2) 0.6 3) 0.2 4) 2.4
13. Two steel wires have equal volumes. Their
diameters are in the ratio 2 : 1. When same
force is applied on them, the elongation
produced will be in the ratio of
1) 1:8 2) 8:1 3) 1:16 4) 16:1
14. An iron wire and copper wire having same
length and cross-section are suspended from
same roof Young's modulus of copper is 1/3rd
that of iron. Then the ratio of the weights to
be added at their ends so that their ends are
at the same level is
1) 1:3 2) 1:9 3) 3:1 4) 9:1
15. A steel wire of uniform cross section 1mm2 is
heated to 700 C and stretched by tying it two
ends rigidly. Calculate the change in tension
on the wire when temperature falls from 70o C
to 35o C
αst = 1.1×10−5 /0 C Yst = 2 ×1011 N / m 2
1) 70N 2) 72N 3) 74N 4) 77N
16. A wire elongates by lmm when a load W is
hanged from it. If the wire goes over a pulley
and two weights W each are hung at the two
ends, the elongation of the wire will be (in mm)
1) zero 2) l / 2 3) l 4) 2l
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NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III
17. A wire is made of a material of density 1 0 g /
cm3 and breaking stress 5 ×109 N / m 2 .
What length of a wire will break under its own
weight when suspended vertically
1) 2 ×10 4 m 2) 3 ×104 m 3) 4 ×10 4 m 4) 5 ×10 4 m
RIGIDITY MODULUS
18. A metal cube of side length 8.0 cm has its
upper surface displaced with respect to the
bottom by 0.10 mm when a tangential force of
4 x 109 N is applied at the top with bottom
surface fixed. The rigidity modulus of the
material of the cube is
1) 4 x 1014 N/m2 2) 5 x 1014 N/m2
3) 8 x 1014 N/m2 4) 1x 1014 N/m2
19. A wire of 1m length and 4mm radius is clamped
at upper end. The lower end is twisted by an
angle of 300 . The angle of shear is
1) 0.120 2) 1.20 3) 120 4) 0.0120
BULK MODULUS
20. A ball falling in a lake to a depth 200m shows
a decrease of 0.1% in its volume at the bottom
. The bulk modulus of the ball is
1) 19.6 x 108 N/m2 2) 19.6 x 10-10 N/m2
10
3) 19.6 x 10 N/m 2
4) 19.6 x 10-8 N/m2
21. A hydraulic press contains 250lit of oil Find
the decrease in volume of the oil when its
pressure increases to 10 7 Pa. The bulk
modulus of the oil is K = 5×109 pa
1) −0.8lit 2) −0.5lit 3) −0.6lit 4) −0.9lit
22. A material has normal density ρ and bulk
modulus K. The increase in the density of the
material when it is subjected to an external
pressure P from all sides is
P KP Kρ
Pρ
1) ρ K 2) ρ 3) 4)
K P
POISSON’S RATIO
23. The stress required to double the length of wire
(or) to produce 100% longitudinal strain is
Y
1) Y 2) 3) 2Y 4) 3Y
2
24. A 3cm long copper wire is stretched to increase
its length by 0.3 cm. find the lateral strain
in the wire, if the Poisson’s ratio for copper is
0.26.
1) 0.013 2) 0.018 3) 0.026 4) 0.016
25. A uniform bar of length ‘L’ and cross sectional
area ‘A’ is subjected to a tensile load ‘F’. ‘Y’
be the Young’s modulus and ‘ 'σ ' be the
Poisson’s ratio then volumetric strain is
F F
1) (1 − σ ) 2) AY
F
( 2 − σ ) 3)
F
(1 − 2σ ) 4) .σ
AY AY AY
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

26. A rod has Poisson's ratio 0.2. If a rod suffers 34. Y, K, η represent the Young's modulus,bulk
a longitudinal strain of 2 x 10-3, then the modulus and rigidity modulus of a body
percentage change in volume is respectively . If rigidity modulus is twice the
1) +0.12 2) -0.12 3) 0.28 4) -0.28 bulk modulus, then
ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY 1) Y = 5K/18 2) Y = 5η /9
27. A metallic rod undergoes a strain of 0.05%. 3) Y = 9K/5 4) Y = 18K/5
The energy stored per unit volume is 35. For a given material the Young's modulus is
(Y=2 x 1011 Nm −2 ) 2.4 times that of its rigidity modulus. Its
1) 0.5 x 104 Jm-3 2) 0.5 x 105 J m-3 Poisson's ratio is
5 -3
3) 2.5 x 10 J m 4) 2.5 x 104 Jm-3 1) 2.4 2) 1.2 3) 0.4 4) 0.2
28. A brass rod has length 0.2m area of cross section
36. For a material Y = 6.6x10 N/m2 and bulk
10
1.0cm2 and Young's modulus 1011 Nm–2 . If it is
modulus K = 11x1010 N/m2 , then its Poisson's
compressed by 5kg-wt along its length then the
ratio is
change in its energy will be
1) increase by 2.4 × 10–5 J 1) 0.8 2) 0.35 3) 0.7 4) 0.4
37. If the Poisson's ratio of a solid is 2/5, then the
2) decrease by 2.4 × 10–5 J ratio of its young's modulus to the rigidity
3) increase by 2.4 × 107 J modulus is
4) decrease by 2.4 × 107 J 1) 5/4 2) 7/15 3) 14/9 4) 14/5
29. A uniform wire of length 4m and area of cross section LEVEL-I (C. W) - KEY
2mm2 is subjected to longitudinal force produced
an elongation of 1mm.If Y= 0.2 x1011 Nm-2, 01) 2 02) 1 03) 2 04) 3 05) 2 06) 4
elastic potential energy stored in the body is 07) 1 08) 3 09) 2 10) 3 11) 3 12) 4
1) 0.5J 2) 0.05J 3) 0.005J 4) 5.0J
30. Two wires of same material and area of cross 13) 3 14) 3 15) 4 16) 3 17) 4 18) 2
section but with lengths in the ratio 5:3 are 19) 1 20) 1 21) 2 22) 3 23) 1 24) 3
stretched by the same force. The ratio of work 25) 3 26) 1 27) 4 28) 1 29) 3 30) 3
done in two cases is 31) 3 32) 3 33) 1 34) 4 35) 4 36) 4
1) 5:8 2) 8:5 3) 5:3 4) 3:5
31. An elastic string of unstretched length ‘L’ & 37) 4
force constant ‘K’ is stretched by a small LEVEL-I (C.W) - HINTS
length ‘x’ it is further stretched by small 1. Stress = F / A, F = Mg 2.Strain = ∆l / l
length ‘y’. The work done in second stretching 3. Net pressure = Pressure due to atmosphere
is
+ pressure due to water column = P0 + hρ g
2) K ( x + y )
1 2 1 2 2
1) Ky F
2 2
Fl Y=
1 1 4. Y =  ∆l 
3) Ky ( 2x + y ) 4) K ( x + y )
2 , F = Mg 5. A 
2 2
Ae  l 
SPRINGS Fl l Fl
32. A spring of spring constant 5 × 103 Nm −1 is 6. e = 2 , e α 2 7. e = 2 , F α r2
πr Y Yr πr Y
stretched initially by 5 cm from the F
unstretched position. Then the work required Y=
8.  ∆l 
to stretch it further by another 5 cm is A 
1) 6.25 Nm 2) 12.50 Nm  l 
3) 18.75 Nm 4) 25.00 Nm YAe
RELATION BETWEEN Y,K & η 9. Length to be double e = l, F =
l
33. Young's modulus of a metal is 15 x 1011 pa. If its Fl2
Poisson's ratio is 0.4. The bulk modulus of the metal 10. Stress = Y strain 11. e = e α Vα r 3
VY
in Pa is Fl l FV l
1) 25 x 1011 2) 2.5 x 1011 12. e = 2 , eα 2 13. e = eα 4
πr Y
2
3) 250 x 1011 4) 0.25 x 1011 r YA r

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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III

YAe ELASTIC MODULI AND YOUNG’S

14. F = ,FαY 15. F = YAaVt
l MODULUS
16. Same tension e α F 17. breaking stress = l pg 4. A wire of 10m long and 1mm2 area of cross
FL FL F section is stretched by a force of 20N. If the
18. η = , A = L2 , η = = 19. rθ = l∅
Al L l Ll elongation is 2mm, the young's modulus of the
2

p material of the wire (in Pa) is

K= - PV
. 1) 1 x 109 2) 2 x 10-9 3) 1 x 1011 4) 1 x 1012
∆
 V 21. K =
20. −  5. The area of cross-section of a wire is 10–5 m2
 V  VV
when its length is increased by 0.1% a tension
p
K = F ∆l of 1000N is produced. The Young's modulus
22. ∆ρ 23. ∆l = l, Y = of the wire will be (in Nm– 2 )
ρ A l 1) 1012 2) 1011 3) 109 4) 1010
lateralstrain 6. There are two wires of same material. Their
24. σ = Longitudinalstrain radii and lengths are both in the ratio 1 : 2. If
The Lateral Strain = σ × Longitudinal Strain the extensions produced are equal, the ratio
∆V ∆ L dr F  σF of the loads is
25. = +2 = + 2−  1) 1 : 2 2) 2 : 1 3) 1 : 4 4) 4 : 1
V L r AY  AY 
7. If stress is numerically equal to young's
∆V ∆l 1
= (1 − 2σ ) 27. U = Y ( strain)
2
26. modulus the elongation will be
V l 2 1) 1/4 the original length 2) 1/2 the original length
1 F l 1 YAe 3) Equal to the original length
38. E = F × e, e = 29. E = F × e, F = 4) Twice the original length
2 AY 2 l 8. Two wires of same material and length but radii
1 F l
30. E = F × e, e = in the ratio 1: 2 are stretched by two forces to
2 AY produce equal elongation. The ratio of two
forces is
31. U = U2 - U1 = K ( x + y ) - Kx
1 2 1 2
1) 1:1 2) 1:2 3) 1 : 3 4) 1 : 4
2 2
9. A steel wire of length 5 m and cross sectional
1
32. W = K x , W α x 2 33. Y = 3K (1 − 2σ )
2
area 2 ×10−6 m 2 stretches by the same amount
2 as a copper wire of length 4 m and cross
9 1 3
34. = + 35. Y = 2η (1 + σ ) sectional area of 3 ×10−6 m 2 under a given
Y K η load. The ratio of young’s modulus of steel to
36. Y = 3K (1 − 2σ ) 37. Y = 2η (1 + σ ) that of copper is
1) 8 : 15 2) 15 : 8 3) 5 : 3 4) 3 : 5
LEVEL - I (H.W) 10. A metal ring of inner radius r1 and cross-
sectional area 'A' is fitted on to a wooden disc
STRESS & STRAIN
of radius r2,
1. A steel wire of 2mm in diameter is stretched r2 > r1 . If Y is the young's modulus of the
by applying a force of 72N. Stress in the wire metal then the tension in the ring is
is AYr2 AY(r2 − r1) Y( r2 − r1) Yr1
1) r 2) 3) Ar 4) Ar
1) 2.29 ×10 7 N / m 2 2) 1.7 × 107 N / m 2 1 r1 1 2
11. When the tension on a wire is 4N its length is
3) 3.6 ×107 N / m 2 4) 0.8 ×107 N / m 2
2. The length of a wire under stress changes by l1 . When the tension on the wire is 5N its
0.01%. The strain produced is length is l 2 . Find its natural length.
1) 5l1 - 4l 2 2) 4 l1 - 5l 2
1) 1 x 10-4 2) 0.01 3) 1 4) 10 4 3) 10l1 -8l2 4) 8l1 -10l2
3. An air filled balloon is at a depth of 2 km below 12. A wire whose cross - sectional area is 4 mm2
the water level in an ocean. Determine the is stretched by 0.1 mm by a certain load. If a
normal stress on the balloon [atmospheric similar wire of double the area of cross -
pressure =105 pa] section is under the same load, then the
1) 190 x 105 pa 2) 196 x 105 pa elongation would be
7
3) 190 x 10 pa 4) 196 x 107 pa 1) 0.5mm 2) 0.05 mm 3) 0.005mm 4) 5mm

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NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III
13. Two wires A and B have Young's moduli in the
ratio 1:2 and ratio of lengths is 1:1. Under the
application of same stress the ratio of
elongations is
1) 1:1 2) 1:2 3) 2:1 4) 1:4
14. A wire is stretched by 0.01m by a certain force
'F' another wire of same material whose
diameter and lengths are double to original
wire is stretched by the same force then its
elongation will be
1) 0.005m 2) 0.01m 3) 0.02m 4) 0.04m
15. A brass wire of length 300 cm when subjected
to a force F produces an elongation "a".
Another wire of twice the diameter and of
same length and material , when subjected to
the force F produces an elongation b. Then
the value of a/b is
1) 1 : 1 2) 4 : 1 3) 2 : 1 4) 1 : 2
16. Two bars A and B of circular cross section and
of same volume made of same material are
subjected to tension. If the diameter of A is
half that of B and if the force applied to both
the rods is the same and it is in the elastic
limit the ratio of extension of A to that of B
will be
1) 16 2) 8 3) 4 4) 2
17. Two wires of the same material have masses
in the ratio 3:4 . The ratio of their extensions
under the same load if their lengths are in the
ratio 9:10 is
1) 5 : 3 2) 27 : 40 3) 6 : 5 4) 27 : 25
18. Two rods of different materials are clamped
at their ends rigidly. When they are heated
for the same rise in temperature, same thermal
stresses are produced in them. If their Young's
moduli are in the ratio x:y then ratio of
coefficients of their linear expansion is
1) x : y 2) y : x 3) x2 : y2 4) y2 : x2
19. A tungsten wire, 0.5 mm in diameter, is just
stretched between two fixed points at a
temperature of 400 C. Determine the tension
in the wire when the temperature falls to 200 C.
(coefficient of linear expansion of tungsten
= 4.5 × 10–6 /0 C; Young’s modulus of tungsten
= 3.45 × 1010 Nm–2 )
1) 0.6097N 2)3.097N
3)5.097N 4)7.097N
20. A uniform steel rod of length 1m and area of
cross section 20 cm2 is hanging from a fixed
support. Find the increase in the length of the
rod.
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
(Ysteel=2.0×1011 Nm–2 , rsteel =7.85×103 kgm–3 )
1) 1.923 × 10–5 cm 2) 2.923 × 10–5 cm
–5
3) 1.123 × 10 cm 4) 3.123 × 10–5 cm
21. A rope of 1 cm in diameter breaks if tension in
it exceeds 500N. The maximum tension that
may be given to a smaller rope of diameter
2cm (in N) is
1) 500 2) 250 3) 1000 4) 2000
22. A cable breaks if stretched by more than 2mm.
It is cut into two equal parts. By how much
either part can be stretched without breaking
1) 0.25mm 2) 0.5mm 3) 1mm 4) 2mm
RIGIDITY MODULUS
23. A metal cube of side 10cm is subjected to a
shearing stress of 106 N/m2 . If the top of the
cube is displaced by 0.05 cm with respect to
its bottom. Calculate the rigidity modulus in
N/m2
1) 20 ×108 2) 15 ×108 3) 2 ×108 4) 0.2 ×108
24. The upper end of a wire of radius 4mm and
length 100cm is clamped and its other end is
twisted through an angle of 600 the angle of
shear is
1) 0.0240 2) 0.240 3) 2.40 4) 240
25. A thin cylindrical rod of length 2.5m and radius
5mm is firmly fixed at upper end when lower
end is twisted, the shear angle is found to be
0.060 . then angle of twisting is
1) 100 2) 200 3) 300 4) 400
BULK MODULUS
26. A spherical ball of volume 1000 cm3 is
subjected to a pressure of 10 atmosphere. The
change in volume is 10–2 cm3 . If the ball is
made of iron find its bulk modulus.
(Atmospheric pressure =1×105 Nm–2 )
1) 1 × 1011 N/m2 2) 2 × 1011 N/m2
3) 3 × 1011 N/m2 4) 4 × 1011 N/m2
27. On taking a solid rubber ball from the surface
to the bottom of a lake 100m deep, the
reduction in volume is found to be 0.5%. If
the density of water is 103 kgm-3 and g = 10
ms -2, find the bulk modulus of rubber.
1) 1 ×108 Pa 2) 2 ×108 Pa
3) 4 x 108 Pa 4) 6 x 108 Pa
28. Estimate the change in the density of water
in ocean at a depth of 500m below the surface.
The density of water at the surface =1030
kgm–3 and the bulk modulus of water = 2.2 ×
109 Nm–2
1) 2.363 kg/m3 2) 1.363 kg/m3
3
3) 4.363 kg/m 4) 3.363 kg/m3
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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III

POISSON’S RATIO 38. If the Poisson’s ratio of solid is 1/4. Then the
29. A material has Poisson’s ratio 0.3. If a uniform ratio of Rigidity Modulus to the Young’s modulus
rod of it suffers a longitudinal strain of 25 × is
10–3 , then the percentage increase in its 1) 2/5 2) 5/2 3) 7/5 4) 5/7
volume is LEVEL-I (H.W)-KEY
1) 1% 2) 2% 3) 3% 4) 4%
ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY 01) 1 02) 1 03) 2 04) 3 05) 2 06) 1
30. A metal rod of Young's modulus 2×1010 Nm-2 07) 3 08) 4 09) 2 10) 2 11) 1 12) 2
undergoes an elastic strain of 0.02% the energy 13) 3 14) 1 15) 2 16) 1 17) 4 18) 2
per unit volume stored in the rod in joule/m3 is
19) 1 20) 1 21) 4 22) 3 23) 3 24) 2
1) 400 2) 800 3) 1200 4) 1600
31. A wire is suspended vertically from one of its 25) 3 26) 1 27) 2 28) 1 29) 1 30) 1
ends is stretched by attaching a weight of 31) 4 32) 1 33) 2 34) 1 35) 2 36) 2
200N to the lower end. The weight stretches
the wire by 1mm. Then the elastic energy 37) 1 38) 1
stored in the wire is LEVEL-I (H.W)-HINTS
1) 0.2J 2) 10J 3) 20J 4) 0.1J F F ∆l
32. Two wires of same radius and length are 1. Stress = = 2 2. Strain =
subjected to the same load. One wire is of A πr l
steel and the other is of copper. If the Young's Fl
3. P = P0 + hdg 4. Y=
modulus of steel is twice that of copper, the Ae
ratio of elastic energy stored per unit volume Fl ∆l
in steel to that of copper wire is 5. Y= , = 0.1% 6.
Ae l
1) 1:2 2) 2:1 3) 1:4 4) 4:1 2
YAe F1 r1 l2
SPRINGS F= , = 2×
33. A long spring when stretched by 2cm its l F2 r2 l1
potential energy is U. If the same spring is F 
A
F
= Y ,Y =   F×l
stretched by 8cm the potential energy of the 7. A  ∆l  8. e= , Fα r 2
π r ×Y
2
spring is  l 
 
1) 8U 2) 16U 3) 4U 4) U Fl Y1 A1 l 1 YAe
RELATION BETWEEN Y,K & η 9. Y = , = 10. F = , e = r2 − r1,l = r1
Ae Y2 A2 l 2 l
34. If bulk modulus of the metal is 2 ×1012 Pa l1 − l T1 Fl Mgl 1
and Poisson’s ratio is 0.4 then young’s 11. = 12. e = = , eα
modulus of the metal is l 2 − l T2 AY AY A
1) 1.2 ×1012 pa 2) 3 ×1012 pa Fl e1 l Y Fl
13. e= , = 1 2 14. e =
AY e 2 l 2 Y1
3) 3.2 × 1012 pa 4) 4.2 ×1012 pa AY
35. Y, K and η respectively the young’s, Bulk and Fl F×l FV
15. e= ,e = 2 16. e = 2 , V = volume
K AY π r ×Y YA
rigidity modulus of a body, if η= , then
2 Fl 2
l2
correct relation is 17. e= , volume α mass, eα
9K 7 YV m
Y=
3) Y = 3 K
3K 7K
1) Y= 2) 7 4) Y = 18. F = YAα∆ t, α1Y1 = α 2Y2 19. T=Y a ? ? π r 2
7 9
36. Find poisson’s ratio of a metal if young’s l 2? g F F
20. e = 21. BreakingStress = = 2 , Fαr
2
modulus is 2.8 times rigidity modulus. A πr
2Y
1) 0.2 2) 0.4 3) 0.6 4) 0.5 22. B . stress α B . strain , eα l
37. For a metal Y = 1.1×1010 N / m 2 and Bulk F
modulus is K = 11×1010 N / m 2 then Poisson’ss rθ rθ
η = A
ratio is (nearly) 23. x 24. φ = 25. φ =
l l
1) 0.5 2) 0.7 3) 0.2 4) 0.9 L
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NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

P P ELASTIC MODULI AND YOUNG’S

K= K= , P = hdg
∆V ∆V MODULUS
26. − 27.
V V 2. A load of 4 kg is suspended from a ceiling
P ∆ρ ∆V through a steel wire of length 20m and radius
28. K = ∆V , P = hdg, =− 2mm. It is found that the length of the wire
− ρ V increases by 0.031 mm. as equilibrium is
V achieved. If g=3.1 x π ms -2 , the value of
∆V ∆l young's modulus in Nm-2 is
29. = [1 − 2σ ] 1) 2.0 x 1012 2) 4.0 x 1011
V l 11
3) 2.0 x 10 4) 0.02 x 109
3. Two wires of equal cross section, but one made
1
30. Strain energy per unit volume = Y ( Strain)
2
up of steel and the other copper are joined
2 end to end. When the combination is kept
1 under tension, the elongations in the two wires
31. Elastic energy = F ×e are found to be equal. If Ysteel = 2.0 x 1011 N.m-
2 2
and Ycopper = 1.1 x 1011 Nm-2, the ratio of the
1 ( stress )
2
lengths of the two wires is
32. Strain energy per unit volume = 1) 20 : 11 2) 11:20 3) 5 : 4 4) 4 : 5
2 Y
4. If Young's modulus of iron be 2 x 1011 Nm-2
1
33. U = K x 34. Y = 3K (1 − 2σ ) and interatomic distance be 3 x 10-10m-2, the
2

2 interatomic force constant will be (in N/m)

9 1 3 1)60 2)120 3) 30 4) 180
35. = + 36. Y = 2η (1 + σ ) 5. Two wires A and B of the same dimensions
Y K η are under loads of 4kg and 5.5 kg respectively.
37. Y = 3K (1 − 2σ ) 38. Y = 2η (1 + σ ) The ratio of Young's moduli of the materials
of the wires for the same elongation is
LEVEL - II (C.W) 1) 64 : 121 2) 11 : 8 3) 11:8 4) 8 : 111
6. A load of 1kg weight is attached to one end
STRESS & STRAIN of a steel wire of cross sectional area 3 mm 2
1. One end of a uniform wire of length ‘L’ and and Young’s modulus 1011 N/ m 2 . The other
mass ‘M’ is attached rigidly to a point in the end is suspended vertically from a hook on a
roof and a load of mass ‘m’ is suspended from wall, then the load is pulled horizontally and
its lower end. If A is the area of cross-section released. When the load passes through its
of the wire then the stress in the wire at height lowest position the fractional change in
‘ x ’ from its lower end ( x <L) is length is (g =10m/ s 2 )
1) 10−4 2) 10−3 3) 103 4) 104
7. The radii and young’s modulus of two uniform
(L-x) wires A & B are in the ratio 2:1 and 1:2
respectively. Both the wires are subjected to
L P the same longitudinal force. If increase in the
length of wire A is 1% . Then the percentage
x increase in length of wire B is
1) 1 2) 1.5 3) 2 4) 3
8. Four identical hollow cylindrical columns of
steel support a big structure of mass 50,000kg.
The inner and outer radii of each column are
m 30 cm and 40 cm respectively, Assuming the
load distribution to be uniform. Calculate the
Mg mxg mg Mxg compressional strain of each column, the
1) + 2) A − AL
A AL young’s modulus of steel is 2 × 1011 Pa
mg Mxg
+
mg Mxg
+
1) 2.78 ×10−6 2) 3.78 ×10 −6
3) 4)
A AL AL A 3) 2.78 ×10−4 4) 3.78 ×10 −4
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NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III

9. A wire of length 1m and radius 1mm is

subjected to a load. The extension is ‘x’. The
wire is melted and then drawn into a wire of (m1 +m 2 ) g l1 m2 gl 2
1) ,
square cross-section of side 1mm. What is its l1 AY1 AY2
extension under the same load? A
1) π x 2) π x
2 2 3) π x 4) π x Y1
( m1 −m 2 ) g l1 , m2 gl 2
10. An aluminium wire and steel wire of the same 2) AY1 AY2
m1
length and cross section are joined end to end.
 m1 
The composite wire is hung from a rigid support l2  + 1  g l1
and a load is suspended from the free end. The 3)  2
m  m gl
A , 2 2
young's modulus of steel is 20/7 times the AY1 AY2
Y2
aluminium. The ratio of increase of length of  m1 
 − 1 gl 1
steel and aluminium is
4)  m2  , m2 g l 2
m2
1) 20/7 2) 400/49 3) 7/20 4) 49/400 AY1 Ay2
11. What percent of length of a wire will increase 16. Calculate the force ‘F’ needed to punch a
by applying a stress of 1 kg. wt/mm2 on it. 1.46 cm diameter hole in a steel plate
[Y=1x1011 Nm-2 and 1 kg wt = 9.8N] 1.27cm thick . The ultimate shear strength
1) 0.0078% 2) 0.0088% of steel is 345 M N/m2 (Approx).
3) 0.0098% 4) 0.0067% 1) 300 KN 2) 400 KN 3) 200 KN 4) 100 KN
12. A lift is tied with thick iron wire and its mass RIGIDITY MODULUS
is 1000kg. If the maximum acceleration of the 17. A block of weight 15N slides on a horizontal
lift is 1.2 ms -2 and the maximum stress of the table the co-efficient of sliding friction is 0.4.
The area of the block in contact with the table
wire is 1.4 x 108 Nm-2 what should be the is 0.05 m2 . The shearing stress will be
minimum diameter of the wire? 1) 120 Nm-2 2) 140 Nm-2
1) 10-2 m 2)10-4 m 3)10−6 m 4) 0.5 x 10 −2 m 3) 160 Nm -2
4) 180 Nm-2
13. Two wires are made of the same material and 18. Two equal and opposite forces each F act on
a rod of uniform cross-sectional area A, as
have the same volume. However wire 1 has shown. The shearing stress on the section AB
cross-section area A and wire 2 has cross- will be
section area 3A. If the length of the wire 1 A
F sin x cos x
increased by ∆x on applying force F how much 1)
force is needed to stretch wire 2 by the same A
F F
amount F sin x
1)F 2) 4F 3) 6F 4) 9F 2)
x A
14. An aluminium wire and a steel wire of the B
same length and cross-section are joined end F cos x F sin2 x
3) 4)
to end. The composite wire is hung from a rigid A A
support and a load is suspended from the free BULK MODULUS
end. If the increase in the length of t h e 19. A cubical ball is taken to a depth of 200m in a
sea. The decrease in volume observed to be
composite wire is 2.7 mm, then the increase in 0.1% the bulk modulus of the ball is
the length of each wire is (in mm).
( g = 10m / s 2 )
( YAl = 2x1011 Nm-2, Ysteel= 7x1011 Nm-2)
1) 1.7,1 2) 1.3,1.4 3) 1.5,1.2 4) 2.1,0.6 1) 2 ×107 pa 2) 2 ×106 pa
15. Two wires are arranged as shown in the figure. 3) 2 ×109 pa 4) 1.2 × 109 pa
The elongations in upper and lower wires are 20. The compressibility of water is 5×10−10 m2 / N
respectively and subjected to a pressure of 15 MPa. The
fractional decrease in volume will be
1) 7.5 ×10 −3 2) 5 ×10 −3 3) 2.5 ×10−3 4) 1.25 ×10 −3

84
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III
POISSON’S RATIO
21. A material has Poisson’s ratio 0.5. If a uniform
rod of it suffers a longitudinal strain of 2 ×10−3
then the percentage increase in its volume is
1) 0% 2) 10% 3) 20% 4)5%
STRAIN ENERGY
22. A steel wire of mass 3.16 Kg is stretched to a
tensile strain of 1 x 10-3. What is the elastic
deformation energy if density ρ =7.9 g/cc and
Y=2x1011 N/m2
1) 4 KJ 2) 0.4 KJ 3) 0.04KJ 4) 4J
23. A brass wire of cross-sectional area 2mm2 is
suspended from a rigid support and a body of
volume 100cm3 is attached to its other end. If
the decrease in the length of the wire is
0.11mm, when the body is completely
immersed in water, find the natural length of
the wire.
(Ybrass = 0.91 x 1011 N/m2 , ρwater = 103 kgm-3)
1)20.43m 2)10.43m 3)40.43 m 4)30.43 m
24. The Young’s modulus of the material of a rod
is 20 x 1010 pascal. When the longitudinal
strain is 0.04%, The energy stored per unit
volume is
1) 4 x 10-3 J/m3 2) 8 x 103 J/m3
-3 3
3) 16 x 10 J/m 4) 16 x 103 J/m3
25. Two blocks of masses 1 kg and 2 kg are
connected by a metal wire going over a
smooth pulley. The breaking stress of metal
40
is ×106 Nm −2 . What should be the minimum
3π
radius of wire used, if it should not be broken?
( g = 10 ms−2 ) [ENG-2011]
1) 0.5 mm 2) 1 mm 3) 1.5 mm 4) 2 mm
26. A tension of 22 N is applied to a copper wire
of cross-sectional area 0.02 cm2 Young’s
modulus of copper is 1.1 x 1011 N/m2 and
Poisson’s ratio 0.32. The decrease in cross
sectional area will be [ENG-2012]
1) 1.28 x 10-6 cm2 2) 1.6 x 10-6 cm2
3) 2.56 x 10-6 cm2 4) 0.64 x 10-6 cm2
27. An Aluminium and Copper wire of same cross
sectional area but having lengths in the ratio
2:3 are joined end to end. This composite wire
is hung from a rigid support and a load is
suspended from the free end. If the increase
in length of the composite wire is 2.1 mm. the
increase in lengths of Aluminium and Copper
wires are [MED-2011]
: YAl = 20 × 1011 N / m 2 and YCu = 12 × 1011 N / m 2
1) 0.7 mm; 1.4 mm 2) 0.9mm;1.2 mm
2) 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm 4) 0.6 mm, 1. 5 mm
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
28. A copper wire and a steel wire of the same
length and same cross-section are joined end
to end to form a composite wire. The
composite wire is hung from a rigid support
and a load is suspended from the other end. If
the increase in length of the composite wire
is 2.4 mm., then the increase in lengths of steel
and copper wires are [MED2014]
YCu = 10 ×1010 N / m2 and YSteel = 2 × 1011 N / m 2
1) 0.1 mm, 2.0 mm 2) 1.2 mm, 1.2 mm
3) 0.6 mm,1.8 mm4) 0.8 mm, 1.6 mm
29. Force constants of two wires A and B of the
same material are K and 2K respectively. If
the two wires are stretched equally, then the
 WA 
ratio of work done in stretching  W  is
 B
[MED 2013]
1 1 3 1
1) 2) 3) 4)
3 2 2 4
30. Two wires of same material and length but
diameters in the ratio 1:2 are stretched by
the same force, the elastic potential energy
per unit volume for the two wires when
stretched by the same force will be in the ratio
[2014 Eng]
1) 16 : 1 2) 1 : 1 3) 2 : 1 4) 4 : 1
31. A 4 m long copper wire of cross sectional area
1.2 cm2 is stretched by a force of 4.8 x 103 N.
If Young’s modulus for copper is
Y=1.2 x 1011 N/m2 , the increase in length of
wire and strain energy per unit volume are
[2010 Med]
1) 1.32 × 10−4 m,66 ×103 J
2) 132 × 10−4 m,6.6 ×102 J
3) 13.2 × 10−4 m,6.6 ×103 J
4) 0.132 ×10−4 m,66 ×104 J
32. When a wire subjected to a force along its
length, its length increases by 0.4% and its
radius decreases by 0.2%, then the Poisson’s
ratio of the material of the wire is
[2008 Med]
1) 0.8 2) 0.5 3) 0.2 4) 0.1
LEVEL - II (C.W) - KEY
01) 3 02) 1 03) 1 04) 1 05) 4 06) 1
07) 3 08) 1 09) 1 10) 3 11) 3 12) 1
13) 4 14) 4 15) 1 16) 3 17) 1 18) 1
19) 3 20) 1 21) 1 22) 3 23) 1 24) 4
25) 2 26) 1 27) 4 28) 4 29) 2 30) 1
31) 3 32) 2
85
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III

LEVEL - II (C.W) - HINTS Ftan θ F1 cosθ Asinθ cosθ

1. Tension in the string at point ‘P’ is 18. stress = = =
T = wt of load + wt of wire of length ‘x’ A A1 A
pV −∆V
T = mg +
M
xg ; Stress at P = =
T mg Mxg
+ . 19. K= ,p=hdg 20. = compressibility ×∆P
L A A AL ∆V V
∆V ∆l Y 2 m
Y=
mgl 21. = (1 − 2σ ) 22. E = ( strain)
2.
Ae V l 2 d
ls Ys YAe
= , in series,stress=constant, e = FL 23. ρVg = F =
3. l
lc Yc AY
stress E 1
K = Yro ; K = interatomic force constant Y= = × Y × ( strain)
2
4. 24. ;
ro = interatomic distance strain V 2
W l T=
2m1m2
, B.S =
T
5. e= , W = mg 25. m1 + m2 A
AY
T l 1 mv 2 −∆r
6. e= , mg l = mv 2 , T = + mg YA∆l σ = r ∆A ∆r
AY 2 l 26. F = =2
, ∆l ,
∆l F S r 2 Y l A r
= , t B = A2 A l
7. l AY St A rB Y B e1 l1 Y2
27. e = e1 + e2 , e = l × Y
8. The resisting area is each column p ( R 2 - r 2 ) 2 2 1

F e1 Y2
28. e = e1 + e2 , e = Y 29. W = Kx 2
1
Compressional strain =
AY 2 1 2
9. Volume= constant,π r 2l = a2 l1 E 1 ( stres)
2
1 F2 E 1
FL e F 30. = = , α
e= 2 A 2Y 2 V r4
10. 1. × 100 =
, Yses = YAl e Al ;11. ×100 V 2 Y
AY l AY ∆r
−
× 100
m ( g + a) E 1 F l σ= r
31. = ( stres ) × ( strain ) , E = × . 32. + ∆l ×100
12. Breaking stress = V 2 A Y
πr
2
l
13. Volume= constant, a1l1 = a2l2 ; ∆x1 = ∆x2 LEVEL - II (H.W)
FL 1 e1 Y2
14. e= , e α ,e = Y ; STRESS AND STRAIN
AY Y 2 1
1. One end of uniform wire of length L and weight
substituting in e1 + e2 = e
W is attached to rigid point in the roof and a
15. For lower wire F = m2 g weight w1 is suspended from its lower end. If S
Fl2 m gl is the area of cross-section of the wire the stress
F= ⇒ e2 = 2 2
AY2 AY2 in the wire at a height (3L/4) from its lower end
is
For upper wire F = (m 1 + m2 ) g
w1  w
 w1 + 

 w1 +
3w 
(w 1 + w )
F l1 ( m1 + m 2 ) g l1

1) 2)  4 3)  4  4)
e1 = = S S S S
AY1 AY1 YOUNG'S MODULUS
16. As in punching, shear elasticity is involved, 2. A 20 kg load is suspended from the lower end
the hole will be punched it
of a wire 10cm long and 1mm2 in cross sectional
 F1 1 
  > ultimate shear stress area. The upper half of the wire is made of iron
 A  and the lower half with aluminium. The total
F11 > ( shear stress ) × Area ; [ A=2πrL] elongation in the wire is
µ mg (Yiron = 20 x 1010 N/m2 , YAl = 7 x 1010 N/m2 )
17. Stress= , F = f = µ mg 1) 18.9 x 10-3m 2) 17.8 x 10-3m
A
3) 1.78 x 10-3 m 4) 1.89 x 10-4 m

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NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

3. A steel wire is 1 m long and 1mm2 in area of longitudinal force. Y for steel is twice that of
cross-section. If it takes 200N to stretch this copper. When the length of copper wire is
wire by 1mm, the force that will be required to increased by 1%, the steel wire will be
stretch the wire of the same material and cross- stretched by
sectional area from a length of 10m to 1002 cm 1) 2% of its original length
2) 1% of its original length
1) 100N 2) 200 N 3) 400 N 4) 2000N 3) 4% of its original length
4. A wire of length 1m and radius 1mm is subjected 4) 0.5% of its original length
to a load. The extension is ‘x’. The wire is melted RIGIDITY MODULUS
and then drawn into a wire of square cross-section 11. A tangential force of 2100N is applied on a
of side 2mm. What is its extension under the surface area 3 ×10 −6 m 2 which is 0.1m from
same load? fixed surface. The force produces a shift of
π 2x π 2x π 7mm of upper surface with respect to bottom.
1) 2) π x 2 3) 4) Calculate the modulus of rigidity of the
16 3 x
5. A stress of 106 N/m2 is required for breaking a material.
material. If the density of the material is 3 x 1) 2 x 1010 N/m2 2) 1 x 1010 N/m2
103 kg/m3 , then what should be the minimum 3) 3 x 1010 N/m2 4) 4 x 1010 N/m2
length of the wire made of the same material BULK MODULUS
so that it breaks by its own weight (g=10m/s 2 ) 12. A uniform pressure 'P' is exerted on all sides of a
1) 33.4 m 2) 3.4 m 3) 34 cm 4) 3.4 cm solidcubeattem perature 00 C. In order to bring
6. A wire can be broken by 400kg.wt. The load the volume of the cube to the original volume,
required to break the wire of double the thickness the temperature of the cube must be increased
of the same material willbe(in kgwt. ) by t0 c. If α is the linear coefficient and K be the
1) 800 2) 1600 3) 3200 4) 6400 bulk modulus of the material of the cube, then t is
7. A coper wire and an aluminium wire has equal to
lengths in the ratio 3:2 diameter in the ratio 3P P P P
1) K α 2) 2α K 3) 4)
2:3 and force applied in the ratio 4:5 find the 3αK αK
ratio of the increase in length of the two wires 13. A solid sphere of radius R made of material of
YAl = 7 ×1010 N / m 2 , YCu = 11×1010 N / m 2 bulk modulus K is surrounded by a liquid in a
cylindrical container. A massless piston of area A
1) 110:89 2) 180:110 3) 189:110 4) 80:11
floats on the surface of liquid. When a mass 'm'
8. There are two wires of same material their
is placed on the piston to compress the liquid, the
radii and lengths are both in the ratio 1: 2. If
the extensions produced are equal, what is the ∆R
fractional change in the radius of the sphere
ratio of the loads ? R
1) 1:2 2) 2:1 3) 1:4 4) 4:1 is
9. Two rods of different materials having mg mg mg 3mg
coefficient of linear expansionα 1 andα 2 and 1)
AK
2)
3AK
3)
A
4)
AK
Young’s moduli Y1 and Y2 respectively aree 14. Find the change in density of water in ocean at
fixed between two rigid massive walls. the rods depth of 700m below the surface. The density of
are heated such that they under go the same water at the surface is 1000kg/m 3 and the bulk
increase in temp. there is no bending of rods. modulus of water is 4.9×109Nm-2.
If α1 : α 2 =2:3, then the thermal stresses 1) 2.4 kg/m3 2) 3.4 kg/m3
3) 1.4 kg/m3 4) 4.4 kg/m3
developed in the two rods are equal if Y1 : Y2 15. When a rubber ball of volume v , bulk modulus
is equal to K is at a depth h in water then decrease in its
1) 4:9 2) 3:2 3) 9:4 4) 2:2 volume is
10. A piece of copper wire has twice the radius of h ρ gv h ρ gv h ρ gv h ρ gv
steel wire. which are connected in series,so 1) K
2) 3) 3K 4) 4K
2K
that both of them can be subjected to the same

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16. A fractional change in volume of oil is 24. A metal wire 4m long and 2 x 10-7sq.m in cross-
1percent. When a pressure of 2 x 107 N/m2 is section is stretched by a force of 30N. If the
applied. Calculate the bulk modulus and its work done in stretching that wire is 4.5 x 10-2
compressibility. J the young’s modulus of the wire is
1) 3 x 108 N/m2 ; 0.33 x 10-9m2 /N 1) 2 x 1011 Pa 2) 4 x 1011 Pa
2) 5 x 109 N/m2 ; 2 x 10-10m2 /N 12
3) 2 x 10 Pa 4) 4 x 1012 Pa
3) 2 x 109 N/m2 ; 5 x 10-10m2 /N LEVEL - II (H.W) - KEY
4) 2 x 109 N/m2 ; 5 x 10-9m2 /N 01) 3 02) 4 03) 3 04)1 05) 1 06) 2
POISSON’S RATIO
07) 3 08) 1 09) 2 10) 1 11) 2 12) 3
17. When a wire of length 10m is subjected to a
force of 100 N along its length, the lateral 13) 2 14) 3 15) 1 16) 3 17) 1 18) 2
strain produced is 0.01x10-3. The Poisson’s 19) 1 20) 2 21) 4 22) 3 23) 1 24) 1
ratio was found to be 0.4. If the area of cross- LEVEL - II (H.W) - HINTS
section of wire is 0.025m2 , then its Young’s 3
modulus is 1. Force acting at length from bottom
1) 1.6 x 108 N/m2 2) 2.5 x 1010 N/m2 4
3 
3) 12.5 x 1011 N/m2 4) 16 x 109 N/m2 F =  W  + W1
18. The Poisson's ratio of a material is 0.4. If a 4 
force is applied to a wire of this material, then F l e1 = Y2
there is a decrease of cross-sectional area by 2. e = e1 + e2 , e =
,
AY e2 Y1
2%. The percentage increase in its length is YAe F1 l 2 e2
1) 3% 2) 2.5% 3) 1% 4) 0.5% 3. F= , =
STRAIN ENERGY l F2 l 1 e1
Fl
19. A wire of length ' l ' and cross sectional area A is Volume= constant, π r l = a l , e =
2 2 1
4.
suspended at one end from a ceiling. The strain YV
energy due to its own weight, if its Young’s l 2dg F
e= 6.B.S= ,Fα r
2
5.
modulus is ‘Y’ and density is ‘ d ’ is ( g= acc. 2Y A
due to gravity) Fl e1 F1 l1 r2 2 Y2
7. Y= ; e = F l r 2Y
d 2 g 2 Al3 dgAl 3 d 2 g 2 Al3 d 2 g2 A2 l3 Ae 2 2 2 1 1
1) 2) 3) 4)
6Y 6Y 3Y 3Y YAe r2
8. F= ,Fα
20. Two wires of same material and same diameter l l
have lengths in the ratio 2:5. They are 9. Thermal stress = Yα ∆t , Y1α1 = Y2α2
stretched by same force. The ratio of work   e   e
e
done in stretching them is 10. F = AY   = constant; AsYs  l  = AcYc  l 
l s c
1) 5 : 2 2) 2 : 5 3) 1:3 4) 3 : 1 F L P ∆V
21. A wire fixed at the upper end stretches by 11. η = ; 12. K = ; = γ t = 3α t
length ‘l’ by applying a force F. The work A ∆x ∆V V
done in stretching is V
∆V F mg ∆R 1 ∆V
1) F / 2l 2) Fl 3) 2Fl 4) Fl / 2 13. = = ; =
22. If ‘S’ is stress and ‘Y’ is Young’s modulus of V AK AK R 3 V
Pρ ∆pV
material of a wire, the energy stored in the 14. ∆ρ = ,P=hdg ; 15. K = − ∆V
K
wire per unit volume is  ∆r 
−  Fl
σ= 
2Y 1 r 
S S2 K=−
pV
C= ;Y =
1) 2) 2 3) 4) 2S 2Y 16. ∆V
17.  ∆l  Ae
2Y S 2Y K  
 l 
23. A simple pendulum is made by attaching 1Kg ∆l ( ∆r / r ) ∆A ∆r
bob to 5m long copper wire of diameter 0.08 18. = ; =2
l σ A r
cm and it has a certain period of oscillation L
1 d 2 g2 A 2  1  stress 
2

and 10 kg bob is replaced by 1 kg bob the 19. ∫ dU = ∫ 2 Y . x dx ∴ ∫ 
2  Y 

×Vol 

 
change in time period is ( Y = 12.4 ×1010 Nm −2 )
0

1 F 2l
1) 0.0035 sec 2) 4.4915 sec 20. E α l ; E =
2 AY
3) 4.488 sec 4) 0.0021 sec
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1 6. As shown in adjacent figure if a load of mass

21. work done = stress × strain × volume
2 (m) is attached at lower end of wire. Then find
E ( strees )2 S 2 the displacement of the points B ,C and D are
22. = =
V 2Y 2Y as shown in figure,
l + ∆l 1 l + ∆l 2
23. T1 = 2π
g
and T2 = 2π g
; ∆T = T2 − T1
e1 =
( mg ) l1
(i) elongation of first wire
E 1 ( stress ) AY1
2

24. = ×
V 2 Y (ii) elongation of 2nd wire

LEVEL - III e2 =
( mg ) l 2 + ( mg ) l1
AY2 AY1
YOUNG’S MODULUS OF ELASTICITY (iii) elongation of 3rd wire
1. A wire of length 1m fixed at one end has a
sphere attached to it at the other end. The e3 =
( mg ) l 3 + ( mg ) l2 + ( mg ) l1
sphere is projected horizontally with a velocity AY3 AY2 AY1
of 9g . When it describes a vertical circle,
the ratio of elongations of the wire when the
sphere is at the top and bottom of the circle is l1
A B
1) 2 : 5 2) 5 : 2 3) 3 : 5 4) 5 : 3 Y1
2. A body of mass 10kg is attached to a wire 0.3m
long. Its breaking stress is 4.8 x 107 N/m2 . The l2
A C
area of cross section of the wire is Y2
10-6m2 . The maximum angular velocity with
l3
which it can be rotated in a horizontal circle A D
without breaking is Y3
1) 2 rad/s 2) 4 rad/s 3) 6 rad/s 4) 8 rad/s
3. A mass 'm' kg is whirled in a vertical plane by
tying it at the end of a flexible wire of length 'L' m
and area of cross-section 'A' such that it just
completes the vertical circle. When the mass is at 1) (i) is correct 2) (i)&(ii) are correct
its lowest position, the strain produced in the wire 3)(iii) is correct 4) All are correct.
is (Young's modulus of the wire is 'Y')
1)AY/ 6 mg 2)6mg/AY 3)5mg/AY 4)AY/5mg 7. A copper wire of negligible mass, length ( l )
4. When a mass is suspended from the end of a and cross-sectional area (A) is kept on a
wire the top end of which is attached to the
smooth horizontal table with one end fixed, a
roof of the lift, the extension is ‘e’ when the
lift is stationary. If the lift moves up with a ball of mass ’m’ is attached at the other end.
constant acceleration g/2, the extension of the The wire and the ball are rotated with angular
wire would be velocity ‘ ω ’. If wire elongates by ∆l , then
2e 3e the Young’s modulus of wire and if on
1) 2) 3) 2e 4) 3e increasing the angular velocity from ω to ω 1
3 2
5. A block of mass 1 Kg is fastened to one end , when the wire breaks-down, then the breaking
of a wire of cross- sectional area of 2 mm2 stress ( ∆l << l ) are respectively..
and is rotated in vertical circle of radius 20cm.
The speed of the block at the bottom of the
circle is 3.5 ms -1. The elongation of the wire 1)
( mlω ) , mlω
2 12
2)
ml Mlω2
,
when the block is at top of the circle is A∆l A A∆lω2 A
1) 0.6125 ×10−5 m 2) 0.6125 ×10−4 m
mlω 2 M ω1 m l ω 2 ml ω 1
2

3) 0.6125 ×10−3 m 4) 0.6125 ×10−2 m 3) , 4) ,

A∆l Al A∆ l A

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8. A stone of mass (m) is attached to one end of 11. A wire of cross section A is stretched horizontally
a small wire of length ( l ) and cross sectional between two clamps located ‘2l ’m apart. A A
weight W kg is suspended from the mid-point
area ( A ) suspended vertically. The stone is of the wire. If the mid-point sags vertically
now rotated in horizontal plane such that the through a distance x << l the strain produced
wire makes an angle 'θ ' with vertical. If Y is is
its Young’s modulus, then the increase in length
of wire is 2x 2 x2 x2 x
1) 2 2) 2 3) 2 4) 2
S l l 2l 2l
12. If in the above question the Young’s modulus
of the material is Y, the value of extension x
θ
is
1/3 1/3 1/3
 Wl   YA  1  WA 
1/3
W 
T 1)   2)   3)   4) l 
L  YA   Wl  l Y   YA 
13. Each of three blocks shown in figure has a
T cos θ
mass 3 kg. The wire connecting, blocks A and
θ B has area of cross-section 0.005 cm 2 and
R Young’s modulus of elasticity
T sin θ Y = 2 ×10 N / m
11 2 . Neglect friction. Find the

elastic potential energy stored per unit volume

mg
in wire connecting blocks A and B in steady
mg l cos θ mgl state( in j/m3 (Take g = 10 m / s 2 )
1) 2)
AY AY cos θ
A B
mglY mg lA
3) 4)
A cos θ Y cos θ
9. Two blocks of masses m and 2m are connected
through a wire of breaking stress S passing
over a frictionless pulley. The maximum radius
of the wire to be used so that the wire may not C
break is 1)500 2) 1000 3)2000 4)3000
14. A sphere of radius 0.1 m and mass 8π kg
is attached to the lower end of a steel wire of
length 5.0 m and diameter 10-3 m. The wire is
suspended from 5.22 m high ceiling of a
m room.When the sphere is made to swing as a
2m simple pendulum, it just grazes the floor at its
lowest point.Calculate the velocity of the
3 mg 4 mg 4 mg 1 mg sphere at the lowest point.
1) 2) 3) 4)
4πS 3 S 3πS 2πS (Y for steel = 1.994x1011 N/m2 ).
10. One end of a long metallic wire of length L, area
of cross-section A and Young’s modulus Y is tied
to the ceiling. The other end is tied to a massless
spring of force constant K. A mass m hangs T 5.22m
freely from the free end of the spring. It is slightly
pulled down and released. Its time period is given
by
m mYA 0.2m
1) 2π 2) 2π
K KL
mK m ( KL + YA )
3) 2π 4) 2π −1
mg
−1
KL KYA 1) 7.5ms 2) 8.2ms 3) 8.8ms −1 4) 6.5ms −1

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15. A thin uniform metallic rod of mass M and and for brass = 1.0 × 106 kg / cm 2
length L is rotated with a angular velocity ω 5000 kg
in a horizontal plane about a vertical axis
passing through one of its ends. The tension brass
brass 20 cm
in the middle of the rod is steel 30 cm
1 2 1 2 1 2 3 2
1) MLω 2) MLω 2) MLω 4) MLω
2 4 8 8
16. Two wires of same material but radii r1 and r2
1) 120, 161 2) 161, 120 3) 120,140 4) 141, 120
support a mass M in between. If a force of 20. If the ratio of lengths, radii and Young’s
1
F = Mg is applied then moduli of steel and brass wires are a , b and c
3 respectively, their respective loads are in the
ratio 3:2, then the corresponding ratio of
1 r1 increase in their lengths would be
2a 2c 3a 3ac 3c
1) 2) 2 3) 2 4) 2
b 2b c b 2ab
2 r2
21. A uniform rod of length L, has a mass per unit
Mg length λ and area of cross-section A. The
3 elongation in the rod is l due to its own weight,
1) for r1 = r2 , 2 should be broken before 1. if it is suspended from the ceiling of a room.
The Young’s modulus of the rod is
2) for r1 less than 2r2 , 2 should be broken
before 1. 3λ gL2 λ gL2 2λ gL λ gL2
1) 2) 3) 4)
3) data is insufficient Al 2 Al Al Al
4) for r1 = 2r2 , any of the two may break BULK MODULUS & RIGIDITY MODULUS
17. A wire of radius r, Young’s modulus Y and 22. τ 1 be torque required per unit twist for hallow
length l is hung from a fixed point and supports
a heavy metal cylinder of volume V at its lower sphere, τ 2 be torque required per unit twist
end. The change in length of the wire when for solid sphere of same radius, same volume
cylinder is immersed in a liquid of density ρ , and same material. Then
is in fact 1) τ1 = τ 2 2) τ1 < τ 2
Vl ρ g Vr ρ g
1) decreases by 2) increases by Y π l 2 3) τ1 > τ 2 4) 1 & 2 are correct
Yπr2
V ρg Vρg 23. A uniform pressure ‘P’ is exerted on all sides
3) decreases by 4) increases by π rl of a solid cube at temperature t 0 C . By what
Yπ r
18. A light rod of length 2 m is suspended from amount should the temperature of the cube be
the ceiling horizontally by means of two raised in order to bring back to its original
vertical wires of equal lengths tied to its ends. volume, it had before the pressure was applied.
One of the wires is made of steel and is of (The bulk modulus and coefficient of volume
cross section 10−3 m 2 and the other is of brass expansion of the material are B and γ
of cross-section 2 ×10 −3 m 2 . Find out the respectively).
position along the rod at which a weight may Pγ PB γ P
1) 2) 3) 4)
be hung to produce. (Young’s modulus for steel B γ PB γB
is 2 ×1011 N / m 2 and for brass is 1011 N / m 2 ) 24. The density of water at the surface of the ocean
a) equal stress in both wires is ρ . If the bulk modulus of water is B then ,
b) equal strains on both wires what is the density of ocean water at a depth,
1) 1.33 m, 1m 2) 1m, 1.33 m where the pressure is nPo , ( Po is the
3) 1.5 m, 1.33 m 4) 1.33m, 1.5 m
atmospheric pressure)
19. A steel rod of cross-sectional area 16cm 2 and
ρB ρB
two brass rods each of cross-sectional area 1) B − ( n − 1 ) P 2) B + ( n − 1 ) P
10cm 2 together support a load of 5000 kg as 0 0

shown in figure. Find the stress in the rods(in ρB ρB

3) B − nP 4) B + nP
kg/cm2 ). Take Y for steel = 2.0 ×106 kg / cm 2 0 0

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25. What is the density of lead under a pressure 2) mrω 2 = Breaking stress x A
of 2 × 10 8 N / m 2 , if the bulk modulus of lead F  a
3) F = 6mg , strain = 4) e2 = e1 1 + g 
is 8 × 10 8 N / m 2 and initially the density of AY  
lead is 11.4 g / cm 3 5) (i)Tension at the bottom of the circle,
1) 12.89 gm / cm 3 2) 14 gm / cm 3 mv 2 Fl
T= + mg ; e =
r AY
3) 11.69 gm / cm 3 4) zero (ii)Tension at the top of the circle,
26. The mean density of sea water is ρ , and bulk T = Tension at the bottom - 6mg
modulus is B. The change in density of sea Fl
water in going from the surface of water to a The increase in length e =
AY
depth of h is
6) displacement of B is e1 ,displacement of C is e1 + e2
Bρ2 ρ 2 gh ρ gh
1) 2) B ρ gh 3) 4) displacement of D is e1 + e2 + e3
gh B B
7) a) r = l + ∆l ; F = T = mrω 2 = m ( l + ∆l ) ω 2
STRAIN ENERGY
as ∆l in small ; F ≈ mlω 2 ; Y = ( )
27. The rubber cord of a catapult has a cross mlω 2
sectional area 1mm2 and total unstretched A∆l
b) We know Breaking stress
length 10cm. It is stretched to 12cm and then
mlω1
2
Breaking force
released to project a missile of mass 5gm. = =
Taking 'Y' for rubber 5x108 N/m2 , the velocity Areaof cross sec tion A
mg
of projection is 8) From fig. T cos θ = mg ⇒ T =
1) 10m/s 2) 15 m/s 3) 20 m/s 4) 25 m/s cosθ
28. On loading, a metal wire of cross section10-6 T sin θ = mRω 2 ;
m2 and length 2m by a mass of 210 kg, it Fl T l mgl
e= = ; e=
extends by 16mm and suddenly broke from AY AY AY cos θ
the point of support. If density of that metal T
9). Stress, S = 2 , here T - mg = ma............(i)
is 8000Kgm-3 and its specific heat is 420 J Kg- πr
1
K-1, the rise in temperature of wire is 2mg - T = 2ma..............(ii)
1) 2.50 C 2) 50 C 3) 60 C 4) 100 C 4 4mg
on solving T = mg then S =
3π r
2
29. A long wire hangs vertically with its upper end 3
clamped. A torque of 8 Nm applied to the free YA
K.
end twists it through 450 . The potential energy K1 K 2 L = KYA
of the twisted wire is 10) K eq = K1 + K 2 = YA KL + YA
K+
π π π L
1) π J 2) J 3) J 4) J
2 4 8 m m ( KL + YA)
T = 2π = 2π
LEVEL-III - KEY Keq KYA
01) 1 02) 2 03) 2 04) 2 05) 1 06) 4
07) 1 08) 2 09) 3 10) 4 11) 3 12) 4 (∴ string&springinseries )
13) 2 14) 3 15) 4 16) 4 17) 1 18) 1 11) Here change in length is
19) 1 20) 2 21) 2 22) 3 23) 4 24) 1
∆l = [ AC + BC ] − 2l = 2 ( l 2 + x 2 )
1/2
25) 3 26) 3 27) 3 28) 1 29) 1 − 2l
LEVEL-III - HINTS 1/2
 x2   1 x2  x2
1) Vtop = xrg ; Vbottom = (x + 4)rg = 2l  1 + 2  = 2 l 1 + 
2 l2 
− 2 l =
 l   l
Vtop = 5g ; v = 9 gr A l l B
x
mv 2b θ θ
Tbottom = + mg = 10 mg
r c
mv 2t et 4 mg
Ttop = − mg = 4mg ; e = 10 mg
r b W

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∆l x2 1.994 ×1011 ×π ( 5 ×10 −4 ) × 0.02

2

∴ strain = = YA
T= ∆L = = 199.4π N
2l 2l 2 L 5
12) and as equation of circular motion of a mass ‘m’
l l tied to a string in a vertical plane is
θ
θ
x T sin θ ( mv 2 / r ) =T − mg cos θ
T T sin θ So at lowest point
T

θ θ
( mv 2
/ r ) =T − m g [ as θ = 0]
T cos θ T cos θ But here r = 5 + 0.02 + 0.1 = 5.12 m
So ( 8π 2 /5.12 ) = (1.99.4π − 8π × 9.8 )
W
v 2 = (121× 5.12/8 ) = 77.44, So v = 8.8 m / s
2T sinθ = W (for small angles sin θ = tan θ ) 15. Let m be the mass per unit length of the
rod. Then M= mL
x x Consider a small element of length dx
2T tan θ = W ; tan θ = =
located at C at a distance x from A
x2 + l 2 l
The mass of element of length dx = mdx.
x Wl T Wl
2T =W ; T = ; Stress = = The centripetal force at C is
l 2x A 2 xA dF = ( mdx ) xω 2
1/3
 W 
3
Stress Wl 2l 2 Wl x= L
Y= = × 2 ,Y= orx =  ×l 1
 F= ∫ (mdx) xω = mω 2 (L 2 − x 2 )
2
 AY 
3
Strain 2 Ax x Ax 2
x= x

a a M 1 2  x2 
Now , m = ; F = 2 MLω 1 − L2 
3kg T T 3kg T1 L  
1  x2 
T1 F = π r 2 ρ L2ω 2  1 − 2 
2  L 
13) a Tension in the middle put x = L / 2
3kg
4 Mg
16. Stress for wire 1, S1 = 3 × π r 2 and
mg 1
From force diagram, T = 3a ............ (i); Mg
T1 − T = 3a .........(ii) 3g − T1 = 3a .......(iii) stress for wire 2, S2 = 3 × π r 2
2
After solving eqs. (i), (ii)
for r1 = r2 , S1 = 4S2
T 10
∴ Stress = = −4 ∴ any of the two wires may break
A 0.005 ×10 because stress is same
∴ The elastic energy stored per unit volume
Yπ r 2 Yπ r 2 '
1 17. Mg = ∆l = W ...(1) ; W ' = ∆l ...(2)
= × stress × strain l l
2
Yπ r 2 V ρ gl
1
= × stress ×
stress 
Q Y =
Stress 

∴W − W ' =
l
( ∆l − ∆l ' ) ; ∆ l − ∆ l ' =
Yπ r
2
2 Y  Strain 
2
18. Given, stress in steel = stress in brass
 10  T T T A −3

Stress2  0.005×10−4  ∴ S = B ,∴ S = S , = 10 = 1 .....(i )

= = , = 1000J / m3 AS AB TB AB 2×10−3 2
2Y 2× 2 ×1011 As the system is in equilibrium, taking
14. As the length of the wire is 5m and diameter moments about D, we have
2x0.1=0.2m and at lowest point it grazes the
TS 2 − x
TS x = TB (2 − x) ⇒ T = x ............(ii )
floor which is at a distance 5.22 m from the
roof, the increase in the wire at the lowest point B

∆L = 5.22 − ( 5 + 0.2) =0.02m from equation (i) and (ii), we get x = 1.33 m
stress
So tension in the wire (due to elasticity) strain =
Y

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given strain in steel = strain in brass M ρV

ρ' = = '
T / A T /A T AY V' V
∴ S S = B B ; ∴ S = S S = 1 ......(iii)
Ys YB TB AS Ys ρ
ρ =
'
from equations (ii) and (iii) we have X = 25. The changed density dP
1−
1.0 m B
19. AS = 16cm 2 ; AB = 2 ×10 = 20cm 2 substituting the value, we have ρ ' = 11.69 g / cm 3
Load, F = 5000kg 26. Change in pressure ∆P = ρ gh
Y S = 2.0 × 106 kg / cm 2 , YB = 1.0 ×106 kg / cm 2 −∆P ∆V −∆ρ
Bulk modulus B = ; =
l S = 30cm and l B = 20cm ∆V / V V ρ
Let σ s = stress in steel and σ s = stress in brass ρ∆P ρ ( ρ gh ) ρ gh 2
∴∆ρ = = =
decrease in length of steel rod = decrease in length B B B
of brass rod
1 1 YA
σS σ 27. mv 2 = Fe , v = e
× lS = B × l B 2 2 ml
YS YB Fe 1 1 π
Y l 4 28. ∆t = 29) W = τφ = × 8 × = π J
⇒ σ S = Y × l ×σ B = 3 σ B .......(i)
S B
2 AL ρ S 2 2 4
B S

now using the relation, F = σ S AS + σ B AB

LEVEL-IV
5000 = σ S × 16 +σ B × 20.......(ii ) MATCHING TYPE
solving equ. (i) and (ii) we get
1. Match the following [ENG-2010]
σ B = 120.9kg / cm 2 and σ S = 161.2 kg / cm 2 List I List II
FL ∆ lS  FS   L S   AB   Y B  a) Hooke’s law p) Tangential strain
20. ∆l = ⇒ ∆l =  F   L   A   Y  b) Shearing strain q) Temporary loss of
AY B  B  B  S  S  elastic property
3  1  1  c) Bulk strain r) Elastic limit
=   ( a ) 2    = 2
3a
d) Elastic Fatigue s)Three times the linear
2  b   c  2b c strain
21. Increase in length due to own weight 2. Match the following.
l=∫
1
( L − x ) mgdx = mgL mgL λ gL2 Column-I Column-II
; Y = = a) Molecules have large kinetic p) Solids
LAY 2 AY 2 Al 2 Al
0 energy and almost zero potential
πη r 4φ energy
22. τ hallow > τ solid ; τ = b) Molecules have kinetic energy q) Liquids
2l larger than potential energy
23. As by definition modulus c) Molecules have kinetic energy r) Gases
 ∆P  VP smaller than potential energy
B = −V   ; − ∆V = , (a s ∆ P = P )
 ∆V  B d) Matter particles are charged ions s) Plasma
If ' ∆θ ' is rise in temperature then 3. Match the following.
Column-I Column-II
 ∆V 
∆V =V γ∆θ  as γ = a)Elastic fatigue p) Maximum deforming force upto
 V ∆θ  which body shows perfect elastic
As the volume of the cube remains constant behaviour when weight is removed.
VP P b) Elastic after q) Loss of elastic property for
= V γ∆θ ⇒ ∆θ = effect longer time due to continuous use
B γB of body showing elastic behaviour
24. Increase in pressure c) Elastomer r) Loss of elastic property for
( ∆P ) = nPo − Po = (n − 1) Po shorter duration and when
deforming forces are removed
From M = ρ V , the decrease in volume due to body does not regain its original
V ∆P shape immediately.
increase in pressure ∆P is ∆ V =
B d) Elastic limit s) The bodies which do not have
V ∆P V stress directly proportional to
V ' = V − ∆V = V − = ( B − ∆ P)
B B strain and have no plastic range.
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NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III
4) Match the following.
Column-I Column-II
a) Ratio of longitudinal or tensile p) Modulus of
stress to longitudinal strain. Rigidly
b) Ratio of normal or hydrostatic q) Poisson’s ratio
stress to volumetric strain
c) Ratio of lateral strain to r) Bulk modulus
longitudinal strain
d) Ratio of tangential stress s)Young’s modulus
to shear strain
ASSERTION AND REASON
1) Both Assertion and Reason are true and
the reason is correct explanation of the
assertion
2) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but
reason is not correct explanation of the
assertion
3) Assertion is true, but the Reason is false
4) Both assertion and reason are false.
5. Assertion (A): Stress is restoring force per unitarea.
Reason (R) : Interatomic forces in solids are
responsible for the property of elasticity
6. Assertion (A): Lead is more elastic than rubber.
Reason (R):If the same load is attached to lead and
rubber wires of the same cross-sectional area, the
strain of lead is very much less than that of rubber.
7. Assertion (A): Ductile metals are used to
prepare thin wires.
Reason (R): In the stress-strain curve of ductile
metals, the length between the points representing
elastic limit and breaking point is very small.
8. Assertion (A) : With increase of temperature,
elastic property of a substance decreases.
Reason (R) : Elasticity is due to intermolecular
forces which decreases with the increase of
intermolecular distance.
9. Assertion (A) : Stress is the internal force per unit
area of the body.
Reason (R) : Rubber is more elastic than steel
10. Assertion (A) : Bulk modulus of elasticity (K)
represents incompressibility of the material.
Reason (R) : K = − ∆P , where symbols have their
∆V / V
standard meaning.
11. Assertion (A) : Silver is a ductile material,
Reason (R): For a ductile material yield point and
breaking point are separated by larger distance than
for brittle materials on the stress-strain curve.
12. Assertion (A) :A steel wire of natural length ' l '
breaks, when elongated by length 'x'. If original
length is halved and elongated by x/2 it breaks.
Reason (R): Breaking force is directly
proportional to the length of the wire.
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
13. Assertion : Glassy solids have sharp melting point.
Reason : The bonds between the atoms of glassy
solids broken at the same temperature.
14. Assertion : A hollow shaft is found to be stronger
than a solid shaft made of same material.
Reason : The torque required to produce a given
twist in hollow cylinder is greater than that required
to twist a solid cylinder of same size and material.
15. Assertion : Strain is a unitless quantity.
Reason : Strain is equivalent to force.
16. Assertion : The bridges declared unsafe after a
long use.
Reason : Elastic strength of bridges loses with
time.
17. Assertion : Two identical solid balls, one of ivory
and the other of wet-clay are dropped from the
same height on the floor. Both the balls will rise to
same height after bouncing.
Reason : Ivory and wet-clay have same elasticity.
18. Assertion : Young’s modulus for a perfectly plastic
body is zero.
Reason : For a perfectly plastic body, restoring
force is zero.
19. Assertion : Identical springs of steel and copper
are equally stretched. More work will be done on
the steel spring.
Reason : Steel is more elastic than copper.
Statement type questions
Options :
1.Statement I is true and statement II is true
2.Statement I is true and statement II is false
3.Statement I is false and statement II is true
4.Statement I is false and statement II is false
20. Statement-I: Rigidity modulus of a liquid is infinity.
Statement-II: For a ductile material yield point
and breaking point are separated by larger distance
than for brittle materials on the stress-strain curve.
21. Statement-I : The elastic potential energy of a
spring increases when it is elongated and decreases
when it is compressed.
Statement-II: Work done on spring is stored in it
as elastic potential energy.
22. Statement-I : Spring balances show correct
readings even after they had been used for a long
time.
Statement-II : On using for long time, spring
balances losses its elastic strength.
23. Statement-I : Young’s modulus for a perfectly
plastic body is zero.
Statement-II : For a perfectly plastic body ,
restoring force is zero.
24. Statement-I : The breaking stress of a wire is
directly proportional to its area of cross-section.
Statement-II : Greater the area of cross-section of
a wire,more load is required to break it.
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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III

25. Statement-I : If the volume of a body remains 7) Elasticity is due to intermolecular restoring forces
unchanged, When subjected to tensile strain, the which decreases with the increase of inter molecular
distance by increase of temperature.
value of Poisson's ratio is 1/2 8) For a given stress, strain is less for steel compared
Statement-II: Phosphor bronze has low Young's with rubber of same dimension. So steel is more
modulus and high rigidity modulus stress
26. Statement-I : A metal wire held vertically is longer elastic than rubber. Y = .
than when it placed on a horizontal table. strain
9) The reciprocal of Bulk modulus is called
Statement-II: Due to its own weight, some compressibility, compressibility=1/k
elongation is produced when it is held vertically. −∆P
27. Statement-I : Young’s modulus, bulk modulus and incompressibility = K = ∆V /V .
shear modulus have the units of pressure. 10) On stress-strain curve for ductile materials,yield
Statement-II:The value of Young’s modulus point and breaking points are separated by larger
depends area of body. distance compared to brittle materials.
28. Statement-I : The bulk modulus for an F l
11) e= , eα l
; Breaking force is independent of
incompressible liquid is infinite. AY
Statement-II:Young's modulus increases with rise length of the wire, but it depends on the nature of
of temperature. material and area of cross section.
29. Statement-I : The product of bulk modulus of 12) Brittle materials will have sharp breaking point, at
elasticity and compressibility is one. same temperature bonds between the atoms of
Statement-II: Tangential stress applied on the body glassy solids will break.
only produces change in shape but not in size. phr4 f
30. Statement-I : When the length of a wire is doubled, 13) t = , thallow > tsolid ;
2l
the Young's modulus of the wire is also doubled A hollow shaft is found to be stronger than a solid
Statement-II: For elastic bodies Poisson ratio is shaft at same temperature.
+ Ve and for inelastic bodies Poisson ratio is -Ve change in dimension
14) Strain = original dimension , it is having no units
31. Statement-I : We cannot define Young's modulus
and rigidity modulus for liquids and gases. and dimensions, but force is having units and
Statement-I I: The theoretical limits of Poisson’s Dimensions. So force and strain are not same.
15) When a huge traffic is passes over the bridge, the
ratio are -1 to 0.5 strain undergoes changes for a large number of times
LEVEL - IV -KEY every day.When the bridge is used for a long
Matching type time,the elastic strength is lost continuously.because
1) a-r, b-p, c-s, d-q 2) a-r, b-q, c-p, d-s of it, the strain in the bridge becomes very large for
3)a-q,b-r,c-s,d-p 4)a-s,b-r,c-q,d-p a particular stress and hence bridge may collapse.
Assertion & Reason type 16) Wet- clay is an example for perfectly inelastic body,
05)1 06) 1 07) 3 08) 1 09) 3 10) 1 So it does not rebound and stick to the earth and
ivory ball rises to a greater height.
11) 1 12) 3 13) 4 14) 1 15) 3 16) 1 17) For a perfectly plastic body there no restoring force
17) 4 18) 1 19) 1 stress
Statement type (F=0), Stress=0, Y = strain =0.
20) 3 21) 3 22) 3 23) 1 24) 3 25) 2 1
26) 1 27) 2 28) 2 29) 1 30) 4 31) 3 18) K steel > K copper from W = K x2 , Wα K
2
So more work is done in the steel spring
LEVEL - IV - HINTS Statement type
ASSERTION AND REASON 19) Rigidity modulus of liquid is zero and for ductile
4) Stress is the internal restoring force per unit area, materials yield point and breaking point are
which is given by molecules in the solids. separated by larger distance.
5) For a given stress, strain is less for lead compared 20) Weather it is compressed (or) elongated it is
with rubber of same dimension. So lead is more deformed, work done for deformation is stored in
stress the form of elastic potential energy in spring.
elastic than rubber. Y = .
strain 21) Spring balance does not show corrected reading
6) On stress-strain curve for ductile materials,yield after they had been used for a long time, due to
point and breaking points are separated by larger loss of elastic strength in the spring.
distance compared to brittle materials. 23) Breaking stress = F/A.
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NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY