Elect,.;, ~ " awtl.

f;ells
Like char8tS n epe.l e.Dc.n olhe.A
u u
u-nll'k.t chaAge.s CJ.tt 1tact each othe1-i.
V 0

~ua viti;o.Uon Adrii tlvetv cO'YISe rva tion

Iq=ne I 1 q >ttt = £4 1 J total cna 1tqe cf on /solaltd.
whe'J, 11 = 0, I, !l ... . Jyste.m ,l constorit
e i's on cha.1t9t e,f e : f· 6 X fO - fq C
e.ltctMn .
\
~ Coulomb's /CtLJ> •

c!J)CIO'N - wt 1/c1
IF = K q~~2 K=- I
l( TT 80

Ve c. to.IL foJi w, , j, --•- - - - - - --~)

-<---h >

p,,,,-~dple of 9upv..podtr'oh ,
-'l ➔ ➔ ➔ ~
F = F,,. -t F,~ t F 19 t . . .. + F 1n
1 1
to = 8-05 4 X ID - l l c}(N -w, 2.
-=' :: I) 'n 0 : A
F j :i,1 ~ ~h,Ji
4 IT £0 t =2 h.H

~ et ect ,iic ft'e la.

I? = f.- I Oh If = K fi I OT
:11 i --~=====-T- ------ - -~- io
"f

VetloT foJtwa,
f =- I Q., -r
I 4 ITE 0 h1.
i.( ~el Oti Ve Pe,, mi ti vi /;11, ~ Eo = Pt,>,nu.l,'v ilJ ..;,,.,. {M,t. spoee
Q ~ c = Pu,wii lfvi 1 """ .,., .. ~
 t1:'1.-e AA CMNj t A = di I dL , q, = Af d l
aen r t't'f
8UAfau ~ e d.e11ir~f r,- :; <tq, / dA , q, = u-f dA
Vol~ CAM9e {i~11 t;ili f = di I dV • £t = Pf d. V
it eiecthic field d.u.e t.o a sygfeW& of ofto.Jt1e d..7':,!ns,im- _~t~ r- JII" ']
f = { t_ 9, i ,:,_ip I P i,$ ll po/nt u.>1,0,e wt, 1 want
1
f.A ft'nd tlccfA1c
l/ TTfo i,: 1 Jt _1 fiud d.,W, .f'j'J.fom of 'Yl cfia,1,!¥-
I. ,p
-\
::.I £,lecthic dipole mome'nt th1
it -
a ,·mt ns,on -
c--rn
[ II rL 7
~--~a--~>
1 r = 29 a@h
l)Mi{, Ve.UOA Vl1- CU_,,,u..t,on "5 jJ
-~ 4/:> +~
1/ £/ecthie f(el d. ctu,, -te a clipole
en• ..tll az(o.l po!>ill'on (ii, .LU tq1.1.Aioftial po~it1·on
~

Ea.~icxl =
L{
I
rr fo
2p )1. 3

2.t To1tq,ue on a, d.lpole w a ex te-r"'a,l unifo.ft m f1'ef rl

I1 = p£ ~in(} I o-r I I :a ~ Xf
A>i.eo, •
~ Solid
d.t Vectoh. Avi9le

EI]
L
I
olw = dA.
Ji ).
I.,,. lclw = d. ~ lQSO
"-).
~ = IA l-\i,t, Vfc.tOl" 0 =- o "'S'e betwe.e...,_ "' & t

elec.thi'c f lu.x I¢1: ~ j I t/)£ = f Ed 11 C05 tr I

\
;..(
? ctA I o,i

Umd - N - YYI l / C cl.1111msion - [tv1L3 r - 3A- 1]

iJ qaus~ Tn.eoMm
I¢" = _i_ =
Ea
f f ,dA
iJ iA pplL'co•.tfO'V\ of ij cu,ss 's f aw
ci1 f't"tld, due Lo avt infinil.tl1 Loni I" : I
stna.i9ht uv11fo rml'f cnan. 9td wire. . i rrE0 ti

[µ.i I) u.e to u r1ifo wrr1..y cha.~Fi .cinf i71Ut

plane s he.et
I[ : r
/). Co
I
 ~J P,'e,ld due u Urti.fO"~ cha'1.ftd thin Bpht?tca.l gh.ell -
ca} Ouls(cie Ute s,h.ell { '1 > R) (b> At., SUA(oce C'1. = R.)

I £,., ,;,-

£a

(C) JH on. J~uu1AL fDLll\t (h~~)

I£ Ln ~ O I
•
(IV) field ciu.e {::() sohd non - condutl1''1a sphthe.

(a> Outside fh-t she-ll ( J,.>RJ tb) ..di -su>}o.ce (h = R)

I£o~l = t ~:, I I£su~ ' f.- t

(C) Jl avi i,vi,tirnal Poivit {,tt./0

~
0 I< KSHA cff

1411_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a ;.. INCW«AGHA · u..-,. • I o.

 ij ELe.,t11ostotic Potential & Co.pocilonc,

':!/ Eltclnoitati, Pott11.tial ~ t; Pol tYLtiaf 01/ftJtence

~
~ WOH.I< Iw : q I X AV ~ PoLtttti'aL
qrodiot.t
I£
.
=

'
~ £ f ed1dt Potrnt,'oL as LifltOli [ ,i,t,,rol Iv a -{T-dh I
'-21' €Ieel ttic Potentt'al a.t o point due to a. Point - cho1i3e
I V = LfITT te ,,~ . I
~ f feettrt'c Pott~t,al d.ut to 011 !lect,dc Dipole itr-E1 ec.lnosta.t,·c PotenUaJ Ent hJ;f

(4J £rid on posi'tio11

I V' -drrT. ~. I ~I
(b ) Squo.ton'al t1'M IV = 0 I
(C) ~t Dttl( point I V- 1 PCose
- l!Tr~a '1 1

~ Wo11.k ct.one ,·.., Roto.tt'nt Q.>1 eteclkic !Jipo/e IW : /)£ ( coslJ0 - cos~)
co. J 80 = o lw = pc C1- coso) I Cb> o = jo· Iw ~ P£ I (c > ~ = 180· IN; :zp£
.!!f Pote~Ha.f ~ rio~y of a~ tie.ct n·c di pole I UB pE Loso I = -

(O.J {J :: oIu =- p£ I (b J t) ~Jo· Iv o I (e, > e : t8o· lu = Pf I

=

~ £/e cthi ml Capacit ame c , I f I ~ l apou·tV of a" isolat,d sphe1t1tal Cond.uctoJt

IC = </ 7T €0 K a, I
~ Potoiti'at ~v,.e1t9j of u cfia113ed cot1duttoh

I LJ < ~ 'i V IORILJ a ~ fI I 0~ LJ ' j CV' I

~ Fo..-ce betwee~ pla.tts i-he
tr Co.pocti'onc e of Prrratle / - Plate Capacito11, of a c~a.l"fed pa. ro..lle.l p t ale
Capoctto7
ICa K~11 , Ka I • ICo , E~A I -,c-=_k_Co~I I F ~ ,i EI
a

.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - ~ lNCaT«M'Sl l ·IW.,.. IQ.

 ~ Capo.la~ of PaAo.Uel Platt Copacitoh C = Eo 11
Pa1itl'f fi'lle.d with £J ie tectn·c sub ttonce Cct-t)tL
K

~ Co.po.ti ton in Se.rie.s

~ Co.pr,. ct'to r i~ pa ra.lfe L IC= c, + C2 + CJ I

0 KAKSHA
•

- - - - - - - - - - - - am. ltmr--u...,. • I Q.
 ' \ I I '
.,,
~Cu ,r.11.111,i l le et11iti~
~ Elec,.t'1-ic
"cu."ht~t II= 'l,_t I IIL t ) = ,U,vv\, J'.l&_ P Net <ha•3'•
. L.1 L ~ 0 .6 b ~ tJm~ .inte.hva,J,

~ Ohm's la.w IV~ RI I R= Red tanu

~ S pecific Resitanc.e I. f : R4 I Ir= '1~, rI

( Resi,stA°vit'f) N .

~ fl>Uf t vel ot.itf I11,i = P

-~L I
1 ~~ t~~J I 1
1.
(1. = -ml
ne 1 r A
I

~ R.elaft'on be.tweevi L etnd v-ol Ii = neA ~ I

~ 1tila.t1ovt. ouwul'l. j a1Ad.. \1- Ii = -ne vot I
l.'6- MobiW't I t I'....-~-= I I~ =~ I
(.U..J = -J,l---
6

~ gpec..ifc cot1d uttance.

Iv- : n~ 1 I IT=q- t l
:.$ 9epe,ndevic.e. of le sis tavice on tempeml-u.re

I Rt = R0 ( I -+ ext) I Rt - Ra
R0 X t
<X =- TB,-w\,pe.roJu..re coff,'devd
of "es is to ~le

~ CoMbivtatt'o~ of Resista~ces ~ Dvnam,c 1-ttt = M

Resistance .:1 l
CA) Jn ~eh1·es J?1 Pa 11a lie l

I R = RI f 1<2 f R~ I I.
..L = ..L+..l..
R fl. , Rz.
+ J_ I
~3 .

.,$- electtiic PoweA I"' , 11 I?=i,R • f I

.e, £.MF of a cell J f: = Jd.
~
I lf!J.. £tect11ir IH = 1r 2
f neY-8 ~ .
.!t1_ = m_ = 2-n =JJ:l_
y. 2 lf ·1 Lf . 2 .
I
4 Te.1t.w1i~r.'1 Pote"1ha.l difftYence I t = v, -1- V1 + V3 + · · · -1
V1 I V1 I V3 .. . ..
._.__________ • -'- !r«mlCM'SIII -~.,. . I Q.
 4-I V = f; - J'.'1- I ~1n = R[ ~ - 1
] I ~1,> lr 1,, I

~ Kinch off's l a.w

f. IE l = 0 I IL,+ i L - L3 - 14 - i ~ 0 I 5

2. IE;_ f< : ££ I I.i, R IJ1 R1 ~ £ , - £i_ I .--IL-.2.- R_2 _+_{_i _,

1
- -+- .l
-.l-) -R3_ =_G~L I
~ Wh,e.ll.tston.e 811.id.Je [EI]
~ MeteT 13.JU.dje IS, R ca~- JI I

~ Pote11.tiow.etu, I
Jt = /1. {-ft -'] I

.$Ttwipt}(atU,Jte d,e,pe,vid.enc't of Re.sistivil3 IPr : - fo [ 1+ <i ( T- f o)] I

0 .. KAKSHA ·~

~ - - - - - - - - - a,;• 1Nnfi1CM5111-~.,. • I ~
 - -l

I
~ f3iot Sava'1JJ Law-
Movinl Cho.11es
I dB ~~
O.N4

u ~;,:0011 I
Ma111etis m
d-; : Mo.. i&.i X ,tl
,r.1
4TT

~ Rel a.frovi be,t w u '1. u 0 OJ,td Co

I
O

IC iJl~Eo
8
~ )..la i-iet ,·c field a{DVIJ I-he ax,•s of a CllJr.Jtu1t - CaJth'(',.Yl;f Ctncu.la..r UJil

18= 1J..JJ_ 2. IT N k IJ..1

111 = 1.1. 0 Ni. a i
1 ( a l f 'X l ) 1/J.
I Alo = Pett meabt' Ii' ty. of
4IT Ca 1
+rt 1
J ftte.e space
~ ~IYV\.Pette's Ci >t cu.i ta.I law, 11 r. ar = 1.1.o i I £() =- Pe ,i ,.,,.,,.,; t ti vity
of f>te.£ .s poce
~ Ma.9netic ft'eld c/..u.e to an infiniteL'r
f 0111.r,, Sfrt',lifh,t CWthent - CD.'1-'t. ifil'IJ wi N,
IB, :;~ I
~ a?ttetic f,.eld fnside o. /olll.g $Ole n.oid. IB= ...Uo'YI.Lo l
du.t t.o a. toroid ClndltssJ SoleK.Dict I8 :: A ni l
4
~ M a7 Kl.tic f,'tld. 0

~ Ma9 JitefJc fie.Id outside u-.e toMi<l IB : 0 I

~ LDJttnt~ fo.Jf.c e I F=4vB I I F -= 4V8Sittt1 I
~ J.4 ot ,·o~ of o ch a1tftd Particle ~ a. Uni./Ohw, ElulJ,ic fit/ d.

I~, iq, n-\Vl.

E x'I I w • g,2 mEL'i>- 1
I K =l mv-\.
)
I
~ . _g,l/£t I
1. P(H1.a Uel to I-ht field IF = O I r Pe.'1.ptM dicu.loh to lM fitld
I" , mv
q,8
I
3, l)t'awor1al to fN. ft't Id K =- J_ n111 1
:}
0/l ~ =f! In J~iBKI
=

~N11t P = \! Cos8 x ~ yr w,
<t 8 I K = qV 11t ~f}~~v 1
fi = W If Si 'YI f) T = ~am T =
IT
il Ult = 2 TT m
iB
I
iJJ q,8
lfo = «LB =
"'
q,811 - Jl.2._
~ ~clot.1ton IK.,,«x , 9/ 5 1

;> m.
Rl
I
J TT rn
J TT mo
C 'l

a rt: l,cwIMSIII - U....~ . I Q.

 ~ Foxce on a Cf.UiJ,eVlt co.Try:111'1 C..Ot1cl uctoh F = .i 8L Sbt" I
&,fat()~Mhc
l)
f r'eld at fM cent11e of
CiUAtVt! - C0."11~i1A.a Ci.xculo>.. loop or co1'/
I
18 ' ~•ai of- Ill • u~: i I

~ Ma.9t1.et,c fr'ef d due to a rtrn19kt CUJ(hent &- i.. { S(n~, -+ t/ri~2 ) I

CDA.A.v ilAa Conductor of f,'v1,ite teuu/1,. 4lT Jf. .

~ To11 ~ue on o 8 0.k Mo9 .,et I flt ; Ni A I Ir = M as,., eI

..
~ Po,tititial Bnen81 of o. ~o..t_~etic Dipole Iv0 = - {(18 cos8
rn on e.ictirrttd Mo.1i-i.e.t1e field

~ Ma9h.t-t,·c ft'el d Jn.tnHitH d-tu ID /VI o.s tit.die dipolt.J ~ Mov1n1 t.,Oj I t;al V.«f10Wlt te.T

(ll) fYlll on positio11

1a•-*1i ~ I i:- dtfltction
/oT vviula
~ CUM,01,t
(b> 8-road - st'de- on pos,.t,on If> = ~~ StYI Sti t11£y
. 4 fT )f 3 ~ voltoti
re mLi 11,· iy
~ uo.gtttt/c dipole ~ omen t of xe 110I viv.g electron
~ Mo-9 i,iu ,·t Ii e I d
[W , - 2eme ? [ p· . :YJ...L &. rn: 1 fo11
2 TT
min} ,ent"t of
solt.Koid
/J lon't
ttt

.$,ao/111 M~antton IMmi

.
n' e-h
~Trvne

~ MOtr'DVI. ,·., cowibineil t.,/e,e,tN'c.. a11d. wio.tnt-tit f it fd

If=iCf+"i1 x t) ;: ~ +~

0 -···-

POSITIVf
\/IR~-\
- - - - - - - - - - - - - a iiiiiifi. INCE1Tws11H,._.,. w I~
 ~ Ba>1 Ma.9-vi.et £H equivale1ttt solenoid

~ Ho~izo~a.l Cl>mponelllt of £ort-1i 1s Ma~ Ytet,~ f,·eta.

I8£ =- Je,H,.-+ Bv l. ltwt - I k I
I--r-=
-if. . .l BH
~ rnJ1rtsity of fV1tlf'1tti'sofio~

~ ~0.9-H.etl'e, I~tnsi't't
IH·f-1'1
.::l, Relol-ivt, Mo9-nttic Pu,.,,e.abilif-'t j.u.. = ¾-I ~ l uz de• sii,,

.uh L. 1 (o io wia a,i1e t,e,) -'-'-tt > 1 (P flMMO.JVl.t:tic) M,i >> 1 {Pe11..tiow,a; ne t ic)

~ M ll~ net it Sus ce pt,; bl Ir't't j x "" = -ft I ...----------.

* Re/0JfrH1 betweei1 ..utt and 'l.m Iii-.h = It -:t m

.:!(cu.nie's low jI , c (fJ j

,i,D,'pole ,·n unt'{ohWt rnog~eti'c fr'e/d 18 = ¾~~I I j '
Movi,,unt of
JYl th lia,

~ ~auss Law foh wiai~eUsm fo1i an1 dosed surface

I ¢8 = J 13'-dl = a I

~'- DO .
~~/I l[l.UtJ/
.. . , - - -- -~
1HINGS~
~ - - - - - - - - - D YIIIIIII jNCm~-1"-l.,. . I 0.
 El ectnontG.J~t;, Tt1tLu,tion
IPe : 8- A= B ACos O I
if Id.wt £MF Ie -1i--11e * I.l;;-r ..iuttd Curm.t I i., !" , { dft- I
= = - N =

~ r..,•.,a ci,.,,,. I'l. f = d ~. I

~
:tf I '>td.uctd. [M F ttc11oss M.e CNd~ of o 9hai9U CJ»ttdutlo1t. e = 81"1

if Stf( inrluda,ic,.e, I ~I I
L = L = - e. I ..;. Self i"duelottct of o P/0K1 coil
. .., . . tJ4 tJt
Il : u, ,r N'"I
I ~
\
2.( Self .iYidudorice of a IOVlf Sole.v,oirL L :: 1!~1n

~ It1d utfo/lS i" StJt ilS I L = L, + L I 1

d, MuL1tciL .9 vidiut u,tt. I M = N~ 61 11

......_ _.;;..,.
£1___._ •
M : - ~1 I
/J.L.fAt .
~ I ,utudo1u Ttt Po.,,A.11.d L .b.L.hL =
L...-___;
L,_+__,
L:,.:....J

~ ltu.LU41 J ,i,tuct•"'' of t u,o Co oxi •L Sole d s

t<Di IM "1 A 1-1- =- u.-, fl-,-N-2._R....,I
= " ' "; ,...I

~ IP= ~16-~-=-.-1f_"_I
1 1
Enouty Co•uide..ralfon s, ~ "' 1 p = Powo)

~ I'rldU.da ~ce whu1 CUJ1.lu1t f lowiH.3 irt bofh c.oi I

e = - L 1 ci~, - M21 ..d.i.J._ 0/t £M F = Se If + f\1 u t IA a. I

d, i cit Jnductoria Jnd11.ctov,a,,

l<AkSHA

• - - - - - - - - - - - - a.r.. lr«w1W5111-~.,. . IQ.

 Alte,u,aUnt Cu.11.11.111t
I eo " NB Awl

~ Mtu Yo.I u of Alt.n1totiul Cunmt I if

i. w. " i0 = D. 6H i0 I
~ foot- MeoM - Squa>.t Vo /lu of A/lnHlikl Cu.nt1'/. I
ilrms = ff = -j;. " o.701 i.o I
~ f>t11io1U, Ti Mt

~ .Jt1d11c.fi~ - Ructo11ct IXL " wl = ~ TrfL I ~""' Copo.eitivt ittista"c.t I Xe" .,. ..J_
~l
211/ C I
<J.
.;,r W"-tn. L &,id R in ttttiu ,:::r• Wkt11 C a111d R ;,, Stldts

J'Wlpeda~,e Il = 8. 1 f fo.1 l) l I Jw.ptdOntt

11; ,1+r*YI
Plum DVI 9-le 1la>1~ =
~I P1,,ose 01115/e

• Whe1ot
ItaMt = w~ t I
::;,i- WIt t vt L avil1 C ,'rt ,SeTi!.S ~ L , C, P.. .tn. ct ,Jts

Re,sotAo ~t
f"-tq U. e ~l, lr=t;J& I Tmpede~ce IZ f'+(wL -_J_J'-
O

we I
L = I-nduc.lonc.e
C. = Capocilo vi a .
PkDH 0111.fl' I,lC,,n ~ 0 WL - _/_
we
R = Rest's to JI\ c.e R I
" Succ'ts L- C- R teso11a.nt ~iJtc.uit
_::.
11 = -1J.L
J TT
=
2;lli l
ie,. Pow1Jt i" AC ci,cu.it !) kllw, c111C.W:t e,ontoi1tJ Pw,t 11.r.s iJtuu cm/'t IP : V,ox s X i Jtms I
~ 1\/he~ c(Hwit t:DV1lD1·1-1s L Qi?d R t,o#i Ip : v,.ms X i,.hmS .x cos f I ICo~9 =
.
R
/ R1t w 1-L1
- RI
- l
:.&-- Wa.ttlu~ c,u,ttrM.t IP = V11 ~s x {,.t'M ~X Cos ,o• = 0 I
~ &ind wftLllt ILlw = WJ - w,
= ti ~
.;r ~uat,·f1 f a,t01a
1~=tJFI
~ Tnantfo11nu11 £,. f fitit VIC'f ILs ,_ is ~ 1 P ~ (i,i ms) i
111
=
Vo x i.e I X R. 1.

~I.vi Ve
: li
ee_ Ne. ,"I I :~ ,
= _& Y..s... ::. &
Vp Np
::.
hi ~1p = ii/~ I
ri:f &isplace1Me..,,t CUM,..t I i« = e, ~ I
i.{ Moxwell E.quatiovis

/. ~ouss law of elec.l1tidt1 I} ldA=ti

~ qauss Jaw of Neu,t1etism If f .il = 0 I
J. Pilht1dat s fa.w ,4 £lechoma9ne.lic ivid.uctt'o~
I e = -~ 11 1
'f . .drnptnt 's M<Uwtll ci}(cw·tal law IJ f dL = J.J. (.1, + iaJ I
0

i.,ehth?~ dt~~it1 ir1 E,/ettnowia9-~-t,'c NO.VtA -I _ 1_ +_ j_

u- =- _2,-£-0 £ _ .B..:_
_ '_
. 2 .U.o
1
.l .a!_
I u, , JE·E I IUw, ' 1 Ml
a
ue = £/ecl>ii'tal eneY1'i ci,,,s/ff
Um = M{)ivietr'c ~',/le"3'1 o/.e11sit-'/-"
=
cl
 ~ &;,: Optics and. Oplico.l J11sl1tu.ments
~ Foe.al fevi'lllt of 8pnouc.a1 n-111t>t.011 If i I = f f= oc.o..f len9lh
Jt = nad..t'u<. of CU. kvahv,e

21 /lliMDJf equQltOH I~ , ~ . iI f•,. boll, Wlhcov, o•d ConveA ..,,-,,,.,_

:!., Li•W /VI 09..ifica.fio• I"' • t : -f I

~
l
S"ell's low-
I Si:A1- :
~i:fl }f,
I 11,1 = 7l71s, I
.
L =
It =
an1le of i nci dent
tm9lt of 1ttflet.Lio n

.l
t:/ R..ila.h·oK bt.twUK Wtical OMJle o.ud ltflf.att,'vc indu

\
;!J £hi11 /ins f011 m1da 1-t-*•11iJM._,,,,,-f,Cotio" Im• t .f I t ve for fen,
\
~ f out le"'-j-tlt. of Co¥tvu le.ht b~ ti,'spfournent
me-f-hod _ _ _ __
\
l;:.ffOJc toWlb,·na.t,·011 of le.nus Ii. a~/ I
Pow,h Ip: P, -t P2 t P3 + . ... . I ~ Refn1.c.t,·o " at o spkthicat sw.face

1'11t9w·/ •·ct1t,on Im-= ™•, im 1 , m 1 . . . I

__.I\
2.(flef nocJ(vi i,,dtx of Hit phi.sm ' 'J)e-. i't'O.tio,, b
I!:( 'I "- M itt Pl'IISWL

71 '"' Sin [ A+b

2
wij 1<S YM = ( n- d fl I

Siri( ~)
~ DisptM ive powe>. of a pJtism 'l'lv - 71. I
'rly - 1 .
 Wa.ve Optics
\
~ Hu.yien 's P1tinet'pal of Se-condo1ay wa.vts
I i ~x I i, = incidet1t an9le, Jt= xeflectul origle , 1 r1 2 ~ Jufxo.dr'vt ,'vrrJe.x
71 = ~ : Vtlotit~ of 119:ht ,;, f1>Ht muiiurn.
1 2
lt1 ve tod t-y of fight Pl- secot"id wtt..d.ium

')1 :: 1tf{MQctt'vt i~dt.< .!? opucal Pa,f#\ I ext : rid. I d -= d ,'sla.-ict

C = Vtlo ct'I~ of l,'ghL

~ /lef>to.tl ive index of watth '1e/o.tivt to o.i" ~ o(IAw = -¾ I

:t/ 1'nh,hftttet'I.U II = I, t I 1 t 2 JT.r; Cos~ I
' Position~ of
::..t 81,i9hl (>tinges Ix c rm~ 1~ r"'nit w i d,t~
Iw • °t I
' Po~it,·ons of Donk f 11i"gts
21 Ir • [ m - ~ J ~Jt 1-i4-Jfn9ula,i f ~i"fe · W1'dlh
i.{ Displattme11t of r,u·~ae ~ IIIJtkritss of plale I~·11
Ix. = f ( Tl - I lt I It =
Ta
W( n-1) :
i1 I
~ Viffnc.t,·on of t1·911t due to o. sin9le slt't I e. SinC = +mA I e Sin6 =(Jmf/)A-?
~ ~n~ula11 wi tLH\ of ce~+rof w,cui mum 120 . 2t I
..e, LftttD.lt widllt of l!nlral M.AlttMUwt
12~ ; 2txt l
.;;;,, Resolvin1 pow,,. of Telucopt I '·221 I 4 FMsnel oli'sto11te I Zr = ~
1
I
~ iHolvin't powth of wi.1e,roscope i. 22 A I ~ 'J) opplth E.ffut vtlolif;J
I. 2ri Si n<X . I'
~ 811twstt.h's law- rl~ . -"~:,.,I
Cnar1~ , i~ f>1.eiuevic#

am. jNCro ICMSIM - iw.,.., I Cl

 l)u.4/ Natuae, of ~odiatloti le Mo.ttt,,,
~ ,&,11uitt1um K1'. utie ctttHf'f o( Pho~e/ec.thoKS

&, Thttt ~~old Wav,tu,tlA- ~ ~~

~ Tti.11.tehold f11t.q,1te~ l__jJ
1$- Et11sttftt 's Photoeltct,ci.c siua.t,011, I....1-J- =_h_v_,,,I IE, • h ( H, ) I I~ m ,;~ • H 1H ,/ I
hi = NO.Mk f U1-Htio~ , ~ ; P/OntJ:.< (OvtJto»t

~ Et1tHS~ Ir = hv
:

~I
•
~ ,tfowienltot1. p = me
=~I 01(.
A = ti
~
'-
wo.vf Ma.t1Uie of Po.1tticte
I A= -!;I I A -= J ~mK I IA=;}~ev I IA ~ '11AI
3
Ii = li • 6 3 X IO· " .Jo we / sec,
m, ~ 9 - 31 X. 10- JI Kt

~ 81'1'11'1 eqc.u:a,tio~ IA -= 2 d Sin e I

I~tt--~e ~ t I 0~ 1.1~ -.1 e ~ ~,
[ii A,]
=

..._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a ;;Q. IHCERTd:SHl · u...,. . I a.

 ';

Atoms
~ Atpt,4, Pak.title sco.tte.Kt~ Q.n,d t.UJJ...,.Tford. --'--- (2e)C ie)
NutleaA rnodel of tUom l.lrrEo 1f.. 1

~ R.elat,'o~ be.twtHt OM bit ~dt'us a~d efec-frt»1 volodt't

fo>t fuJd ~09t.>1 atom
/{ = e~
4n <gm v'
I
~ f(1'11eti't: e'1t11.j~ foJt HvrJ.>-o'tt-h o.t-om ~ Total I£ : k f uI
I
. lv,.t'rtj 'j
.....--1
5 -= -- el ----.
I
. _ 8 Tl Eo 1t

~ Bo•~•s aJo,v,,ic f.,lotlel 1111~h , 1¼-1

~ Velocil~ of £lec..t110~ It\ Slatr'onohv OJtbitJ

~ £1ttMft <>{ £/ect110M r~ sto.t(OMCl"'J aJtbits

r. -~I
~ lllov,l,•tlk t• fmissi .. o•d abso,,p£io• tra-,ilioni I,\ = l ~/ S AI

~ hlOllt "-llt\ilbth
It =R[~ -~ ]I R.. =-
n =-
iyd6tr3- c.o111~tont
quoKtu~ ttu.~u

~ lfW.tH1 St!hit.S
It " R[i1, -~ )I nl = ~I 3I 4 • ...

f t. -~JI
l
,,\
: R .-il :: 3, 4 , 5 .. . .

!$Pa scht 11 ~ e1,it s l = R Y\~ = L/, 5, 6

,,\

It
R )1.2 : 5 1 6 I 1 ...
=

~ /JfU/Y\d. .so,.,·,~ t 8 ., • ,
It =
R )1.1 :: 6 I I
 Nu r,lei
•
~ Silt o
f I R. = Ro A'h l O • ,s wi •,. 10 -IS m
1 rt11m1
11.1uleus 1\ 0 = l· -2 X IO

11 oMu : /. 66 I I Ju x c = 931 f-1/eV I l.l ~ atowiic .-UOH

x ,o •n Kt 1
111111'!:

;$- Mass etlt"1'J- I £ = rn c I ,e. Nutftoh 1JimJi'1 tni.1t91- l.i:1M ~ [z~e + { 11-z ) m,,] - M I
1

~ M ""'"1 £ " ""3/J I €b LI MC ' I IJ!, t1,;,,.c1,·"8 € n <ha'I p.,. Nu cl..., I l '" • t I
O

6 M : Moss cltftlt
.J!,. RuJN,11/o>td DHd Soddl Jo.w I N -:: No e. -At I
~ MOB 8ttt'1t'f telo#t'o" I~£ = I
f1 MC 1.

~ f,lo.l{ l1'(t IT: lai, 2

d
':.
0·~931 1 ~ llVthO f t {ift,
Ir·11 Ir = 0 .6931 r 1
~ ~ale of de co.~ 1~ -!~ I
= ~IR : Roe -~t I

0 kAl<SHA ~

s
N
 Sim.ic.ond,ut,toA. El1ct11on,·cs : "1au11ials,
1Jefius & g;mple Cl11a,ils
r :: f..lear.iaAi londur.tivitf
f =- Res i.s i i vi Lt
~ -,
,.-" -= - . - .- .
Metal!; ci = o
_ A,~ L/3 + le Ll -= £w..1·tte,, Cu,hAtVtt .S e wi.i co~dudoJ\ £J £ 3e V
A. 8 : ,1, Me tl.t t,,l,(A,At iJ t15 u lcdoh rt> 3ev
A,' = ColleuoA c.u.A,.ut.t

~ lent11 Oi'ode
~1r ih=u I
. =

~ ChattatttH.~tics of T11ansistoA p( ac) ~ [Lli,

6.i8 ., I/
CE
Jnpu.t Res ista~te R =[~
I ~JvCE
t:I
Ou.tf)UL Ru lctat1tt IP., "[ ~
_ Ll
VL_c.u J:, •
I ,
_ ~ AC Powur qoin ° p2 (ac) X lesisto,.u t;oi.

Cu,,,, 9'<1iM. ,·" lOt'H.-MOK

P!At Kt~ isfonu ~Oitt
lmitte11 Confitu-rotio~

~ Cofl,c fo11 -to- erniHer Volta8t .$- CuHJievit tno~ufu ll.o.tio ;: ' --'-~
.I I+ p
~ CuMttrtl Amp/ ift't.o.l1'o11 foct11t.

~ ~ I?1.e 'Y) - ,n'l.

h - i I ?'le ; no. of f1tee e.lect1ions , 11 11 ~ ?'lo. o( hofe,1 , '11; = .9 nbtiri~ic cah1t1·,,.
1

*Table : ~u M~tlh:f of Devices

C(JncentM.t/on

G,ate Log re log,, THu.JA t able

Sfmbol VOJtic,blt5
{J.) ~,
r,,.,,ut Output
(Y)

OR. ~=D-y A-ta ~ y

0
0

i
0
I
0
I
0
1
J
I

ANO :=r=ry A. 8 = Y
0
0
I
I
'0I
I
0
0
,
0

NOT A
--{»-r A. y 0
I
J
0

NANI
:~ v A,8 . y 0
0
I
I
0
I
0
I
J
I
I
0

NO~
::v-y AtA • Y
0
0
I
I
•
I
0
I
b
0
0
6 k<At~• t>td.t

..-----------awii. INCPTICMSIM·i...-,. . 1 Q.
<Alw<A~S i.,.>t~k ou.