Dynamics

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.
com

9 Two similar spheres, each of mass m and travelling with speed v, are moving towards each other.
9702/1/M/J/02
v v
m m
The spheres have a head-on elastic collision.
Which statement is correct?
A The spheres stick together on impact.

B The total kinetic energy after impact is mv2.
C The total kinetic energy before impact is zero.
D The total momentum before impact is 2mv.
11 A body, initially at rest, explodes into two masses M1 and M2 that move apart with speeds v1
and v2 respectively. 9702/1/M/J/02
v1
What is the ratio –– ?
v2
1 1
M1 M2 £MM11 ¥ 2 £ M2 ¥ 2
A ––– B ––– C ² ––– ´ D ² ––– ´
M2 M1 ¤ M22 ¦ ¤MM11 ¦
11 Two spheres A and B approach each other along the same straight line with speeds uA and uB.
The spheres collide and move off with speeds vA and vB, both in the same direction as the initial
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direction of sphere A, as shown below.
uA uB
before collision
A B
after collision
vA vB
Which equation applies to an elastic collision?
A uA + uB = vB – vA
B uA – uB = vB – vA
C uA – uB = vB + vA
D uA + uB = vB + vA
Dynamics
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

12 Two equal masses travel towards each other on a frictionless air track at speeds of 60 cm s–1 and
30 cm s–1. They stick together on impact. 9702/1/O/N/02
60 cm s–1 30 cm s–1
What is the speed of the masses after impact?
A 15 cm s–1 B 20 cm s–1 C 30 cm s–1 D 45 cm s–1
10 Two blocks X and Y, of masses m and 3m respectively, are accelerated along a smooth horizontal
surface by a force F applied to block X as shown. 9702/01/M/J/03
F
X Y
What is the magnitude of the force exerted by block X on block Y during this acceleration?
F F F 3F
A 4 B 3 C 2 D 4
12 A ball of mass 2 kg travelling at 8 m s–1 strikes a ball of mass 4 kg travelling at 2 m s–1. Both balls
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are moving along the same straight line as shown.
8 m s–1 2 m s–1 v
2 kg 4 kg 2 kg 4 kg
After collision, both balls move at the same velocity v.
What is the magnitude of the velocity v?
A 4 m s–1 B 5 m s–1 C 6 m s–1 D 8 m s–1
Dynamics

10 A mass accelerates uniformly when the resultant force acting on it 9702/01/O/N/03
A is zero.
B is constant but not zero.
C increases uniformly with respect to time.
D is proportional to the displacement from a fixed point.
11 A molecule of mass m travelling horizontally with velocity u hits a vertical wall at right angles to the
wall. It then rebounds horizontally with the same speed. 9702/01/O/N/03
What is its change in momentum?
A zero B mu C – mu D – 2mu
12 Two balls X and Y approach each other along the same straight line and collide elastically.
Their speeds are uX and u Y respectively. After the collision they move apart with speeds vX and vY
respectively. Their directions are shown on the diagram. 9702/01/O/N/03
uX uY
before X Y
vX vY
after X Y
Which of the following equations is correct?
A uX + u Y = vX + vY
B uX + u Y = vX – vY
C uX – u Y = vX + vY
D uX – u Y = vX – vY
40 cm s–1. They stick together on impact. 9702/01/M/J/05
60 cm s–1 40 cm s–1
Dynamics

10 A ball falls vertically and bounces on the ground. 9702/01/M/J/04
The following statements are about the forces acting while the ball is in contact with the ground.
A The force that the ball exerts on the ground is always equal to the weight of the ball.
B The force that the ball exerts on the ground is always equal in magnitude and opposite in
direction to the force the ground exerts on the ball.
C The force that the ball exerts on the ground is always less than the weight of the ball.
D The weight of the ball is always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force that
the ground exerts on the ball.
11 The diagram shows a situation just before a head-on collision. A lorry of mass 20 000 kg is
travelling at 20.0 m s–1 towards a car of mass 900 kg travelling at 30.0 m s–1 towards the lorry.
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_1
20.0 m s
_1
30.0 m s
mass of lorry mass of car

20 000 kg 900 kg
What is the magnitude of the total momentum?
A 373 kN s B 427 kN s C 3600 kN s D 4410 kN s
9 Which of the following is a statement of the principle of conservation of momentum? 9702/01/O/N/03
A Momentum is the product of mass and velocity.

B In an elastic collision, momentum is constant.
C The momentum of an isolated system is constant.
D The force acting on a body is proportional to its rate of change of momentum.
12 Two railway trucks of masses m and 3m move towards each other in opposite directions with
speeds 2v and v respectively. These trucks collide and stick together. 9702/01/M/J/06
What is the speed of the trucks after the collision?
A v B v C v D 5v
4 2 4
Dynamics

11 A particle of mass m strikes a vertical rigid wall perpendicularly from the left with velocity v.
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v rigid wall
m
If the collision is perfectly elastic, the total change in momentum of the particle that occurs as a
result of the collision is
A 2mv to the right.

B 2mv to the left.
C mv to the right.
D mv to the left.
10 Which is not one of Newton's laws of motion? 9702/01/M/J/05
A The total momentum of a system of interacting bodies remains constant, providing no

external force acts.
B The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the external force
acting on the body and takes place in the direction of the force.
C If body A exerts a force on body B, then body B exerts an equal and oppositely-directed force
on body A.
D A body continues in a state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon
by some external force.
10 A constant mass undergoes uniform acceleration. 9702/01/O/N/04
Which of the following is a correct statement about the resultant force acting on the mass?
A It increases uniformly with respect to time.

B It is constant but not zero.
C It is proportional to the displacement from a fixed point.
D It is proportional to the velocity.
12 What is the centre of gravity of an object? 9702/01/M/J/05
A the geometrical centre of the object

B the point about which the total torque is zero
C the point at which the weight of the object may be considered to act
D the point through which gravity acts
Dynamics

9 Which is a statement of the principle of conservation of momentum? 9702/01/O/N/05
A A force is equal to the rate of change of momentum of the body upon which it acts.
B In a perfectly elastic collision, the relative momentum of the bodies before impact is equal to
their relative momentum after impact.
C The momentum of a body is the product of the mass of the body and its velocity.
D The total momentum of a system of interacting bodies remains constant, providing no
external force acts.
10 The gravitational field strength on the surface of planet P is one tenth of that on the surface of
planet Q. 9702/01/O/N/05
On the surface of P, a body has its mass measured to be 1.0 kg and its weight measured to be
1.0 N.
What results are obtained for measurements of the mass and weight of the same body on the
surface of planet Q?
mass on Q weight on Q
A 1.0 kg 0.1 N
B 1.0 kg 10 N
C 10 kg 10 N
D 10 kg 100 N
10 A cyclist is riding at a steady speed on a level road. 9702/01/M/J/06
According to Newton’s third law of motion, what is equal and opposite to the backward push of
the back wheel on the road?
A the force exerted by the cyclist on the pedals

B the forward push of the road on the back wheel
C the tension in the cycle chain
D the total air resistance and friction force
11 In perfectly elastic collisions between two atoms, it is always true to say that 9702/01/M/J/06
A the initial speed of one atom will be the same as the final speed of the other atom.
B the relative speed of approach between the two atoms equals their relative speed of
separation.
C the total momentum must be conserved, but a small amount of the total kinetic energy may
be lost in the collision.
D whatever their initial states of motion, neither atom can be stationary after the collision.
Dynamics

10 A force F is applied to a freely moving object. At one instant of time, the object has velocity v and
acceleration a. 9702/01/O/N/06
Which quantities must be in the same direction?
A a and v only
B a and F only
C v and F only
D v, F and a
11 The diagram shows two identical spheres X and Y. 9702/01/O/N/06
X Y
Initially X moves with speed v directly towards Y. Y is stationary. The spheres collide elastically.
What happens?
X Y
1 1
A moves with speed 2 v to the right moves with speed 2 v to the right
B moves with speed v to the left remains stationary
1 1
C moves with speed 2 v to the left moves with speed 2 v to the right
D stops moves with speed v to the right
12 The diagram shows a cannon ball fired from a cannon. 9702/01/O/N/06
cannon cannon
ball
The mass of the cannon is 1000 kg and the mass of the cannon ball is 10 kg.
The recoil velocity of the cannon is 5 m s–1 horizontally.
What is the horizontal velocity of the cannon ball?
A 200 m s–1 B 500 m s–1 C 2000 m s–1 D 5000 m s–1
Dynamics

7 An object has an initial velocity u. It is subjected to a constant force F for t seconds, causing a
constant acceleration a. The force is not in the same direction as the initial velocity. 9702/01/M/J/07
A vector diagram is drawn to find the final velocity v.

u
X
v
What is the length of side X of the vector diagram?
A F B Ft C at D u + at
9 What is meant by the weight of an object? 9702/01/M/J/07
A the gravitational field acting on the object

B the gravitational force acting on the object
C the mass of the object multiplied by gravity
D the object’s mass multiplied by its acceleration
10 The graph shows the variation with time of the momentum of a ball as it is kicked in a straight
line. 9702/01/M/J/07
p1
momentum
0
0 t1 t2 time
p2
Initially, the momentum is p1 at time t1. At time t2 the momentum is p2.
What is the magnitude of the average force acting on the ball between times t1 and t2?
p1 − p 2 p1 − p 2 p1 + p 2 p1 + p 2
A B C D
t2 t 2 − t1 t2 t 2 − t1
7 Which statement about Newton’s laws of motion is correct? 9702/01/M/J/09
A The first law follows from the second law.

B The third law follows from the second law.
C Conservation of energy is a consequence of the third law.
D Conservation of linear momentum is a consequence of the first law.
Dynamics

11 A lorry of mass 20 000 kg is travelling at 20.0 m s–1. A car of mass 900 kg is travelling at 30.0 m s–1
towards the lorry. 9702/01/M/J/07
_1
20.0 m s
_1
30.0 m s
mass of lorry mass of car

20 000 kg 900 kg
What is the magnitude of the total momentum?
A 209 kN s B 373 kN s C 427 kN s D 1045 kN s
12 The diagram shows the masses and velocities of two trolleys about to collide. 9702/01/M/J/07
4 m s–1 1 m s–1
2 kg 4 kg
After the impact they move off together.
What is the total kinetic energy of the trolleys after the collision?
A 1.3 J B 12 J C 18 J D 19 J
9 Which is a statement of the principle of conservation of momentum? 9702/01/M/J/08

B Momentum is conserved only in elastic collisions.
C Momentum is conserved by all bodies in a collision.
D Momentum is conserved providing no external forces act.
7 Which statement about a ball that strikes a tennis racket and rebounds is always correct?
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A Total kinetic energy of the ball is conserved.
B Total kinetic energy of the system is conserved.
C Total momentum of the ball is conserved.
D Total momentum of the system is conserved.
Dynamics

10 Two equal masses X and Y are moving towards each other on a frictionless air track as shown.
The masses make an elastic collision. 9702/01/M/J/08
air track
50 cm s–1 30 cm s–1
X Y
Which row gives possible velocities for the two masses after the collision?
velocity of X velocity of Y
A zero 20 cm s–1 to the right

B 10 cm s–1 to the right 10 cm s–1 to the right
C 20 cm s–1 to the left zero
D 30 cm s–1 to the left 50 cm s–1 to the right
11 A car of mass 750 kg has a horizontal driving force of 2.0 kN acting on it. It has a forward
horizontal acceleration of 2.0 m s–2. 9702/01/M/J/08
resistive force
driving force
What is the resistive force acting horizontally?
A 0.5 kN B 1.5 kN C 2.0 kN D 3.5 kN
10 Two spheres approach each other along the same straight line. Their speeds are u1 and u2
before collision, and v1 and v2 after collision, in the directions shown below. 9702/01/O/N/08
before collision u1 u2
after collision v1 v2
Which equation is correct if the collision is perfectly elastic?
A u1 – u2 = v2 + v1
B u1 – u2 = v2 – v1
C u1 + u2 = v2 + v1
D u1 + u2 = v2 – v1
Dynamics

9 A ball falls vertically and bounces on the ground. 9702/01/O/N/08
The following statements are about the forces acting while the ball is in contact with the ground.
A The force that the ball exerts on the ground is always equal to the weight of the ball.
B The force that the ball exerts on the ground is always equal in magnitude and opposite in
direction to the force the ground exerts on the ball.
C The force that the ball exerts on the ground is always less than the weight of the ball.
D The weight of the ball is always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force that
the ground exerts on the ball.
9 A tennis ball of mass 100 g is struck by a tennis racket. The velocity of the ball is changed as
shown. 9702/01/M/J/09
20 m s–1
30 m s–1
What is the magnitude of the change in momentum of the ball?
A 1 kg m s–1 B 5 kg m s–1 C 1000 kg m s–1 D 5000 kg m s–1
10 A stationary body explodes into two components of masses m and 2m. 9702/01/M/J/09
The components gain kinetic energies X and Y respectively.
m 2m
direction m moves direction 2m moves
with kinetic energy X with kinetic energy Y
X
What is the value of the ratio ?
Y
1 1 2 4
A B C D
4 2 1 1
Dynamics

8 The diagram shows two spherical masses approaching each other head-on at an equal speed u.
One has mass 2m and the other has mass m. 9702/12/O/N/09
2m m
u u
Which diagram, showing the situation after the collision, shows the result of an elastic collision?
A B
2m m 2m m
u 5u u 2u
3 3 6 3
C D
2m m 2m m
u 2u u
6 3 3
the spheres stick together
9 A supermarket trolley, total mass 30 kg, is moving at 3.0 m s–1. A retarding force of 60 N is applied
to the trolley for 0.50 s in the opposite direction to the trolley’s initial velocity. 9702/12/O/N/09
What is the trolley’s new velocity after the application of the force?
A 1.0 m s–1 B 1.5 m s–1 C 2.0 m s–1 D 2.8 m s–1
60 cm s–1 40 cm s–1
and v2 respectively. 9702/11/O/N/10
v
What is the ratio 1 ?
v2
M1 M2 M1 M2
A B C D
M2 M1 M2 M1
Dynamics

12 The diagram shows two identical spheres X and Y. 9702/11/M/J/10
X Y
Initially, X moves with speed v directly towards Y. Y is stationary. The spheres collide elastically.
What happens?
X Y
1 1
1 1
X Y
What happens?
X Y
1 1
1 1
10 Which defines the weight of a body? 9702/12/O/N/10
A the amount of matter in the body

B the force of gravity on the body
C the number of particles in the body
D the product of the body’s volume and density
Dynamics

X Y
What happens?
X Y
1 1
1 1
60 cm s–1 40 cm s–1
60 cm s–1 40 cm s–1
10 A molecule of mass m travelling horizontally with velocity u hits a vertical wall at right-angles to its
velocity. It then rebounds horizontally with the same speed. 9702/11/M/J/11
Dynamics

planet Q. 9702/11/O/N/10
On the surface of P, a body has a mass of 1.0 kg and a weight of 1.0 N.
What are the mass and weight of the same body on the surface of planet Q?
mass on Q / kg weight on Q / N
A 1.0 0.1
B 1.0 10
C 10 10
D 10 100
12 Two experiments are carried out using two trolleys of equal mass. All moving parts of the trolleys
are frictionless, as is the surface that the trolleys move over. In both experiments, trolley X moves
towards trolley Y, which is initially stationary. 9702/11/O/N/10
X Y
After the collision in experiment 1, X is stationary and Y moves off to the right.
After the collision in experiment 2, the trolleys join and move off together.
What types of collision occur in these experiments?
experiment 1 experiment 2
A elastic elastic
B elastic inelastic
C inelastic elastic
D inelastic inelastic
and v2 respectively. 9702/13/O/N/10
v
What is the ratio 1 ?
v2
M1 M2 M1 M2
A B C D
M2 M1 M2 M1
11 The momentum of an object changes from 160 kg m s–1 to 240 kg m s–1 in 2 s. 9702/12/M/J/11
What is the mean resultant force on the object during the change?
A 40 N B 80 N C 200 N D 400 N
Dynamics

9 A particle of mass 2m and velocity v strikes a wall. 9702/12/O/N/10
2m
v
The particle rebounds along the same path after colliding with the wall. The collision is inelastic.
What is a possible change in the momentum of the ball during the collision?
A mv B 2mv C 3mv D 4mv
planet Q. 9702/13/O/N/10
On the surface of P, a body has a mass of 1.0 kg and a weight of 1.0 N.
What are the mass and weight of the same body on the surface of planet Q?
mass on Q / kg weight on Q / N
A 1.0 0.1
B 1.0 10
C 10 10
D 10 100
10 Two experiments are carried out using two trolleys of equal mass. All moving parts of the trolleys
are frictionless, as is the surface that the trolleys move over. In both experiments, trolley X moves
towards trolley Y, which is initially stationary. 9702/13/O/N/10
X Y
After the collision in experiment 1, X is stationary and Y moves off to the right.
After the collision in experiment 2, the trolleys join and move off together.
What types of collision occur in these experiments?
experiment 1 experiment 2
A elastic elastic
B elastic inelastic
C inelastic elastic
D inelastic inelastic
Dynamics

8 A body has a weight of 58.9 N when on the Earth. On the Moon, the acceleration of free fall is
1.64 m s–2. 9702/11/M/J/11
What are the weight and the mass of the body when it is on the Moon?
weight / N mass / kg
A 9.85 1.00
B 9.85 6.00
C 58.9 1.00
D 58.9 6.00
9 A body of mass m, moving at velocity v, collides with a stationary body of the same mass and
sticks to it. 9702/11/M/J/11
Which row describes the momentum and kinetic energy of the two bodies after the collision?
momentum kinetic energy
A mv 1
4
mv 2
B mv 1
8
mv 2
C 2mv 1
2
mv 2
D 2mv mv 2
10 A force F is applied to a freely moving object. At one instant of time, the object has velocity v and
acceleration a. 9702/12/M/J/11
Which quantities must be in the same direction?
A a and v only
B a and F only
C v and F only
D v, F and a
12 A car accelerates in a straight line. 9702/12/M/J/11
A graph of the momentum of the car is plotted against time.
What is evaluated by finding the gradient of the graph at a particular time?
A the acceleration of the car

B the resultant force on the car
C the kinetic energy of the car
D the power supplied to the car
Dynamics

13 The diagram shows a particle P, travelling at speed v, about to collide with a stationary particle Q
of the same mass. The collision is perfectly elastic. 9702/12/M/J/11
P Q
Which statement describes the motion of P and of Q immediately after the collision?
1 1
A P rebounds with speed 2
v and Q acquires speed 2
v.
B P rebounds with speed v and Q remains stationary.

1
C P and Q both travel in the same direction with speed 2
v.
D P comes to a standstill and Q acquires speed v.
9 A molecule of mass m travelling horizontally with velocity u hits a vertical wall at right-angles to its
velocity. It then rebounds horizontally with the same speed. 9702/13/M/J/11
10 A body of mass m, moving at velocity v, collides with a stationary body of the same mass and
sticks to it.
Which row describes the momentum and kinetic energy of the two bodies after the collision?
9702/13/M/J/11
A mv 1
4
mv 2
B mv 1
8
mv 2
C 2mv 1
2
mv 2
D 2mv mv 2
6 A body has a weight of 58.9 N when on the Earth. On the Moon, the acceleration of free fall is
1.64 m s–2. 9702/13/M/J/11
What are the weight and the mass of the body when it is on the Moon?
weight / N mass / kg
A 9.85 1.00
B 9.85 6.00
C 58.9 1.00
D 58.9 6.00
Dynamics

10 What is the definition of the force on a body? 9702/11/O/N/11
A the mass of the body multiplied by its acceleration

B the power input to the body divided by its velocity
C the rate of change of momentum of the body
D the work done on the body divided by its displacement
11 A car accelerates from rest. The graph shows the momentum of the car plotted against time.
9702/11/O/N/11
momentum
0
0 time
What is the meaning of the gradient of the graph at a particular time?
A the resultant force on the car

B the velocity of the car
D the rate of change of kinetic energy of the car
12 An ice-hockey puck slides along a horizontal, frictionless ice-rink surface. It collides inelastically
with a wall at right angles to its path, and then rebounds along its original path. 9702/11/O/N/11
Which graph shows the variation with time t of the momentum p of the puck?
A B C D
p p p p
0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t
11 An object of mass 20 kg is travelling at a constant speed of 6.0 m s–1. 9702/12/O/N/11
It collides with an object of mass 12 kg travelling at a constant speed of 15 m s–1 in the opposite
direction. The objects stick together.
What is the speed of the objects immediately after the collision?
A 1.9 m s–1 B 9.0 m s–1 C 9.4 m s–1 D 21 m s–1
Dynamics

9 A golf ball is hit by a club. The graph shows the variation with time of the force exerted on the ball
by the club. 9702/12/O/N/11
force
0
0 time
Which quantity, for the time of contact, cannot be found from the graph?
A the average force on the ball

B the change in momentum of the ball
C the contact time between the ball and the club
D the maximum acceleration of the ball
10 A group of students investigating the principle of conservation of momentum use a small truck
travelling over a frictionless surface. 9702/12/O/N/11
Sand is dropped into the truck as it passes X. At Y, a trapdoor in the bottom of the truck opens
and the sand falls out.
X Y
How does the velocity of the truck change when the sand is added to the truck at X and then
leaves the truck at Y?
at X at Y
A decreases increases
B decreases stays the same
C stays the same increases
D stays the same stays the same
11 What is the definition of the force on a body?

Dynamics

10 An ice-hockey puck slides along a horizontal, frictionless ice-rink surface. It collides inelastically
with a wall at right angles to its path, and then rebounds along its original path. 9702/13/O/N/11
Which graph shows the variation with time t of the momentum p of the puck?
A B C D
p p p p
0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t
12 A car accelerates from rest. The graph shows the momentum of the car plotted against time.
9702/13/O/N/11
momentum
0
0 time
What is the meaning of the gradient of the graph at a particular time?
A the resultant force on the car

B the velocity of the car
D the rate of change of kinetic energy of the car
11 Which row correctly states whether momentum and kinetic energy are conserved in an inelastic
collision in which there are no external forces? 9702/12/M/J/12
A conserved conserved
B conserved not conserved
C not conserved conserved
D not conserved not conserved
Dynamics

12 Two spheres approach each other along the same straight line. Their speeds are u1 and u2
before collision. After the collision, the spheres separate with speeds v1 and v2 in the directions
shown below. 9702/12/M/J/12
u1 u2 v1 v2
before collision after collision
Which equation must be correct if the collision is perfectly elastic?
A u1 – u2 = v2 + v1
B u1 – u2 = v2 – v1
C u1 + u2 = v2 + v1
D u1 + u2 = v2 – v1
10 Each option gives a correct word equation involving force. 9702/12/M/J/12
Which option gives the definition of force?
A force = energy divided by displacement
B force = mass × acceleration
C force = pressure × area

D force = rate of change of momentum
9702/12/M/J/12
v v
m m

B The total kinetic energy after impact is mv 2.
D The total momentum before impact is 2 mv.
Dynamics

11 Each option gives a correct word equation involving force. 9702/13/M/J/12
Which option gives the definition of force?
A force = energy divided by displacement
B force = mass × acceleration
C force = pressure × area

D force = rate of change of momentum
9702/13/M/J/12
v v
m m

B The total kinetic energy after impact is mv 2.
D The total momentum before impact is 2 mv.
11 The velocity of a car changes as shown. 9702/12/O/N/12
120
velocity
/ km h–1
80
40
0
0 5 10 15 20
time / s
What is the acceleration of the car?
A 1.1 m s–2 B 4.0 m s–2 C 224 m s–2 D 800 m s–2
Dynamics

13 Two identical, perfectly elastic spheres have the same mass m. They travel towards each other
with the same speed v along a horizontal frictionless surface. 9702/12/O/N/12
mass m mass m
speed v speed v
Which statement about the sum of the kinetic energies of the spheres is correct?
A The sum of their kinetic energies before impact is zero.
B The sum of their kinetic energies before impact is 1

2
mv 2.
C The sum of their kinetic energies after impact is zero.

D The sum of their kinetic energies after impact is mv 2.
14 A 1.2 kg mass is supported by a person’s hand and two newton-meters as shown. 9702/12/O/N/12
5
4
3
2 5
1 4
0 3
2
1
37° 0
53°
weight 12 N
When the person’s hand is removed, what is the initial vertical acceleration of the mass?
A 0.6 m s–2 B 2 m s–2 C 4 m s–2 D 6 m s–2
12 A ball of mass 0.5 kg is thrown against a wall at a speed of 12 m s–1. It bounces back with a speed
of 8 m s–1. The collision lasts for 0.10 s. 9702/12/O/N/12
12 m s–1
8 m s–1
What is the average force on the ball due to the collision?
A 0.2 N B 1N C 20 N D 100 N
Dynamics

15 A lorry of mass 20 000 kg has a constant resultant force F acting on it. 9702/12/O/N/12
It accelerates from 6.0 m s–1 to 30.0 m s–1 in a time of 300 s.
What is the change in momentum of the lorry and the value of F ?
change in
force F / N
momentum / N s
A 48 000 160
B 480 000 1600
C 600 000 2000
D 600 000 20 000
16 A stationary body floats in water. 9702/12/O/N/12
body
Which statement about the forces acting on the body is correct?
A The gravitational force is equal to the viscous force.

B The gravitational force is greater than the upthrust.
C The upthrust is zero.
D The viscous force is zero.
11 An object travelling with velocity v strikes a wall and rebounds as shown. 9702/11/O/N/12
Which property of the object is not conserved?
A kinetic energy
B mass
C momentum
D speed
Dynamics

12 A particle X has speed v and collides with a stationary identical particle Y. The collision is
perfectly elastic. 9702/11/O/N/12
X Y
v
What are the speed and direction of motion of each of the two particles after the collision?
X Y
A stationary v to the right

v to the right v to the right
B 2 2
v to the left v to the right
C 2 2
D v to the left stationary
13 A mass of 2.0 kg rests on a frictionless surface. It is attached to a 1.0 kg mass by a light, thin
string which passes over a frictionless pulley. The 1.0 kg mass is released and it accelerates
downwards. 9702/11/O/N/12
mass
pulley
2.0 kg
1.0 kg
0.50 m
What is the speed of the 2.0 kg mass as the 1.0 kg mass hits the floor, having fallen a distance of
0.50 m?
A 1.8 m s–1 B 2.2 m s–1 C 3.1 m s–1 D 9.8 m s–1
Dynamics

14 A lead pellet is shot vertically upwards into a clay block that is stationary at the moment of impact
but is able to rise freely after impact. 9702/11/O/N/12
stationary clay
block
mass 95 g
impact velocity
200 m s–1
lead pellet
mass 5.0 g
The pellet hits the block with an initial velocity of 200 m s–1. It embeds itself in the block and does
not emerge.
How high above its initial position will the block rise?
(Mass of pellet = 5.0 g; mass of clay block = 95 g.)
A 5.1 m B 5.6 m C 10 m D 2000 m
11 The diagram shows two spherical masses approaching each other head-on at an equal speed u.
One is of mass m and the other of mass 2m. 9702/13/O/N/12
2m m
u u
Which diagram, showing the situation after the collision, is not consistent with the principle of
conservation of momentum?
A B
2m m 2m m
u 5 u 2
u u
3 3 6 3
C D
2m m 2m m
u 2 u
u
6 3 3
the spheres stick together
Dynamics

12 A molecule of mass m travelling at speed v hits a wall in a direction perpendicular to the wall. The
collision is elastic. 9702/13/O/N/12
What are the changes in the kinetic energy and in the momentum of the molecule caused by the
collision?
change in change in
A 0 0
B 0 mv 2
C 2mv 0
D mv 2 0
13 The IKAROS satellite has mass 320 kg and moves through space using a solar sail of area 20 m2.
The average solar wind pressure is 1.0 × 10–5 N m–2. 9702/13/O/N/12
What is the acceleration of the satellite caused by the solar wind?

A 3.1 × 10–8 m s–2
B 6.3 × 10–7 m s–2
C 3.2 × 10–3 m s–2
D 6.4 × 10–2 m s–2
14 The graph shows the momentum of a cyclist over a period of 8.0 s. 9702/13/O/N/12
400
momentum
/ kg m s–1
300
200
100
0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
time / s
At time 4.0 s, she applies the brakes.
What is the resultant force on the cyclist during the period when the brakes are applied?
A 55 N B 200 N C 270 N D 450 N
Dynamics

10 Which of the following is a statement of the principle of conservation of momentum? 9702/11/M/J/13
A In an elastic collision momentum is constant.

B Momentum is the product of mass and velocity.
C The force acting on a body is proportional to its rate of change of momentum.
D The momentum of an isolated system is constant.
10 A stationary nucleus has nucleon number A. 9702/13/M/J/13
The nucleus decays by emitting a proton with speed v to form a new nucleus with speed u. The
new nucleus and the proton move away from one another in opposite directions.
Which equation gives v in terms of A and u?
A v = ( A – 1)u
4
B v = (A – 1)u
C v = Au
D v = (A + 1)u
9 A strong wind of speed 33 m s–1 blows against a wall. The density of the air is 1.2 kg m–3. The wall
has an area of 12 m2 at right angles to the wind velocity. The air has its speed reduced to zero
when it hits the wall. 9702/12/M/J/13
What is the approximate force exerted by the air on the wall?
A 330 N B 400 N C 480 N D 16 000 N
11 Two spheres travel along the same line with velocities u1 and u2. They collide and after collision
their velocities are v1 and v2. 9702/13/M/J/13
before collision u1 before collision u2
after collision v1 after collision v2
Which collision is not elastic?
u1 / m s–1 u2 / m s–1 v1 / m s–1 v2 / m s–1
A 2 –5 –5 –2
B 3 –3 0 6
C 3 –2 1 6
D 5 2 3 6
Dynamics

11 A 2.0 kg mass travelling at 3.0 m s–1 on a frictionless surface collides head-on with a stationary
1.0 kg mass. The masses stick together on impact. 9702/11/M/J/13
2.0 kg 1.0 kg
3.0 m s–1
at rest
How much kinetic energy is lost on impact?
A zero B 2.0 J C 2.4 J D 3.0 J
10 Two bodies travelling in a straight line collide in a perfectly elastic collision. Which of the following
statements must be correct? 9702/12/M/J/13
A The initial speed of one body will be the same as the final speed of the other body.
B The relative speed of approach between the two bodies equals their relative speed of
separation.
C The total momentum is conserved but the total kinetic energy will be reduced.
D One of the bodies will be stationary at one instant.
230
10 A moving thorium nucleus 90 Th spontaneously emits an α-particle. The nucleus formed is a
226
radium nucleus 88 Ra , as shown. 9702/13/O/N/13
230
90 Th
before emission
226 4
after emission 88 Ra 2 He
A The kinetic energy of the α-particle equals the kinetic energy of the radium nucleus.
B The momentum of the α-particle equals the momentum of the radium nucleus.
C The total momentum before the emission equals the total momentum after the emission.
D The velocity of the α-particle equals the velocity of the radium nucleus.
Dynamics

13 A lead pellet of mass 10.0 g is shot horizontally into a stationary wooden block of mass 100 g. The
pellet hits the block with an impact velocity of 250 m s–1. It embeds itself in the block and it does
not emerge. 9702/13/O/N/13
impact velocity of
250 m s–1
lead pellet
of mass 10.0 g
stationary wooden block
of mass 100 g
What will be the speed of the block immediately after the pellet is embedded?
A 23 m s–1 B 25 m s–1 C 75 m s–1 D 79 m s–1
11 A beam of α-particles collides with a lead sheet. Each α-particle in the beam has a mass of
6.6 × 10–27 kg and a speed of 1.5 × 107 m s–1. 9702/11/O/N/13
5.0 × 104 α-particles per second collide with an area of 1.0 cm2 of lead. Almost all of the
α-particles are absorbed by the lead so that they have zero speed after collision.
What is an estimate of the average pressure exerted on the lead by the α-particles?
A 5.0 × 10–15 Pa
B 5.0 × 10–13 Pa
C 5.0 × 10–11 Pa
D 5.0 × 10–9 Pa
11 An isolated system consists of two bodies on which no external forces act. The two bodies collide
with each other and stick together on impact. 9702/13/O/N/13
Which row correctly compares the total kinetic energy and the total momentum of the bodies
before and after the collision?
total kinetic energy before total momentum before

and after the collision and after the collision
A different different
B different the same
C the same different
D the same the same
Dynamics

9 An object of mass 4.0 kg moving with a speed of 3.0 m s–1 strikes a stationary object in an
inelastic collision. 9702/11/M/J/14
A After collision, the total kinetic energy is 18 J.

B After collision, the total kinetic energy is less than 18 J.
C Before collision, the total kinetic energy is 12 J.
D Before collision, the total kinetic energy is less than 12 J.
10 The graph shows how the momentum of a motorcycle changes with time. 9702/11/M/J/14
500
momentum
/ kg m s–1
0
0 10
time / s
What is the resultant force on the motorcycle?
A 50 N B 500 N C 2500 N D 5000 N
7 Two train carriages each of mass 5000 kg roll toward one another on a level track. One is
travelling at 2.00 m s–1 and the other at 1.00 m s–1, as shown.
9702/12/M/J/14
2.00 m s–1 1.00 m s–1
5000 kg 5000 kg
They collide and join together.
What is the kinetic energy lost during the collision?
A 1250 J B 7500 J C 11 250 J D 12 500 J
Dynamics

8 A resultant force causes a body to accelerate. 9702/12/M/J/14
What is equal to the resultant force?
A the acceleration of the body per unit mass

B the change in kinetic energy of the body per unit time
C the change in momentum of the body per unit time
D the change in velocity of the body per unit time
9 A ship of mass 8.4 × 107 kg is approaching a harbour with speed 16.4 m s–1. By using reverse
thrust it can maintain a constant total stopping force of 920 000 N. 9702/12/M/J/14
How long will it take to stop?
A 15 seconds
B 150 seconds
C 25 minutes
D 250 minutes
10 A tractor of mass 1000 kg is connected by a tow-bar to a trailer of mass 1000 kg. The total
resistance to motion has a constant value of 4000 N. One quarter of this resistance acts on the
trailer. 9702/12/M/J/14
When the tractor and trailer are moving along horizontal ground at a constant speed of 6 m s–1,
what is the force exerted on the tractor by the tow-bar?
A 0N B 1000 N C 3000 N D 4000 N
10 A tennis ball is dropped onto a table and bounces back up. The table exerts a force F on the ball.
Which graph best shows the variation with time t of the force F while the ball is in contact with the
table? 9702/13/M/J/14
A B C D
F F F F
0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t
Dynamics

11 A resultant force of 10 N acts on a body for a time of 2.0 s. 9702/13/M/J/14
Which graph could show the variation with time t of the momentum p of the body?
20
p / kg m s –1
15
A
10 B
C
5 D
0
0 1.0 2.0
t/s
12 A stationary body explodes into two components of masses m and 2m. 9702/13/M/J/14
The components gain kinetic energies X and Y respectively.
m 2m
moves with moves with
kinetic energy X kinetic energy Y
X
What is the value of the ratio ?
Y
1 1 2 4
A B C D
4 2 1 1
10 A body experiences a varying resultant force that causes its momentum to vary, as shown in the
graph. 9702/13/O/N/14
At which point does the resultant force have the largest value?
momentum D
A time
Dynamics

11 A golf ball of mass m is dropped onto a hard surface from a height h1 and rebounds to a height
h2. 9702/13/O/N/14
The momentum of the golf ball just as it reaches the surface is different from its momentum just
as it leaves the surface.
What is the total change in the momentum of the golf ball between these two instants? (Ignore air
resistance.)
A m 2gh1 – m 2gh 2
B m 2gh1 + m 2gh 2
C m 2g (h1 − h 2)
D m 2g (h1 + h 2)
16 The diagram shows a particle X, with kinetic energy Ek, about to collide with a stationary particle Y.
Both particles have the same mass. 9702/13/O/N/14
X Y
After colliding, X and Y travel onwards together as a single larger particle.
How much kinetic energy is lost in the collision?

Ek Ek 3 Ek
A 0 B C D
4 2 4
9 Two railway trucks of masses m and 3m move towards each other in opposite directions with
speeds 2v and v respectively. These trucks collide and stick together. 9702/11/O/N/14
What is the speed of the trucks after the collision?
A v B v C v D 5v
4 2 4
7 What is the principle of conservation of momentum? 9702/11/O/N/14
A Force is equal to the rate of change of momentum.

B Momentum is the product of mass and velocity.
C The total momentum of a system remains constant provided no external force acts on it.
D The total momentum of two bodies after collision is equal to their total momentum before
collision.
Dynamics

8 Water is pumped through a hose-pipe at a rate of 90 kg per minute. It emerges from the
hose-pipe horizontally with a speed of 20 m s–1. 9702/11/O/N/14
Which force is required from a person holding the hose-pipe to prevent it moving backwards?
A 30 N B 270 N C 1800 N D 10 800 N
10 Which of the following is a statement of the principle of conservation of momentum?

9702/13/M/J/15
B In an elastic collision, momentum is constant.
C The momentum of an isolated system is constant.
D The force acting on a body is proportional to its rate of change of momentum.
13 A wooden block is freely supported on brackets at a height of 4.0 m above the ground, as shown.
9702/13/M/J/15
wooden block
of mass 95 g
impact bracket
velocity
4.0 m 200 m s–1
bullet
of mass 5.0 g
A bullet of mass 5.0 g is shot vertically upwards into the wooden block of mass 95 g. It embeds
itself in the block. The impact causes the block to rise above its supporting brackets.
The bullet hits the block with a velocity of 200 m s–1. How far above the ground will the block be at
the maximum height of its path?
A 5.1 m B 5.6 m C 9.1 m D 9.6 m
Dynamics

11 A moving object strikes a stationary object. The collision is inelastic. The objects move off
together. 9702/13/M/J/15
Which row shows the possible values of total momentum and total kinetic energy for the system
before and after the collision?
total momentum total momentum total kinetic total kinetic

before collision after collision energy before energy after
/ kg m s–1 / kg m s–1 collision / J collision / J
A 6 2 90 30
B 6 6 30 90
C 6 6 90 30
D 6 6 90 90
12 Two balls X and Y are moving towards each other with speeds of 5 m s–1 and 15 m s–1
respectively.
9702/13/M/J/15
5 m s–1 15 m s–1
X Y
They make a perfectly elastic head-on collision and ball Y moves to the right with a speed
of 7 m s–1.
What is the speed and direction of ball X after the collision?
A 3 m s–1 to the left

B 13 m s–1 to the left
C 3 m s–1 to the right
D 13 m s–1 to the right
10 A firework rocket is fired vertically upwards. The fuel burns and produces a constant upwards
force on the rocket. After 5 seconds there is no fuel left. Air resistance is negligible.
9702/12/M/J/15
What is the acceleration before and after 5 seconds?
before 5 seconds after 5 seconds
A constant constant
B constant zero
C increasing constant
D increasing zero
Dynamics

11 Trolley X, moving along a horizontal frictionless track, collides with a stationary trolley Y. The two
trolleys become attached and move off together. 9702/12/M/J/15
Which statement about this interaction is correct?
A Some of the kinetic energy of trolley X is changed to momentum in the collision.

B Some of the momentum of trolley X is changed to kinetic energy in the collision.
C Trolley X loses some of its momentum as heat in the collision.
D Trolley X shares its momentum with trolley Y but some of its kinetic energy is lost.
10 What is a reasonable estimate of the average gravitational force acting on a fully grown woman
standing on the Earth? 9702/11/M/J/15
A 60 N B 250 N C 350 N D 650 N
11 A molecule of mass m travelling at speed v hits a wall in a direction perpendicular to the wall. The
collision is elastic.
9702/11/M/J/15
What are the changes in the momentum and in the kinetic energy of the molecule caused by the
collision?
change in change in
A 0 0
B 0 mv 2
C 2mv 0
D mv 2 0
14 What is the definition of the force on a body? 9702/11/M/J/15

Dynamics

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PhysicsAndMathsTutor.

The spheres have a head-on elastic collision.

Which statement is correct?

A The spheres stick together on impact.

Which equation applies to an elastic collision?

What is the speed of the masses after impact?

A 15 cm s–1 B 20 cm s–1 C 30 cm s–1 D 45 cm s–1

After collision, both balls move at the same velocity v.

What is the magnitude of the velocity v?

A 4 m s–1 B 5 m s–1 C 6 m s–1 D 8 m s–1

10 A mass accelerates uniformly when the resultant force acting on it 9702/01/O/N/03

What is its change in momentum?

Which of the following equations is correct?

What is the speed of the masses after impact?

A 10 cm s–1 B 20 cm s–1 C 40 cm s–1 D 50 cm s–1

Which statement is correct?

mass of lorry mass of car

What is the magnitude of the total momentum?

A 373 kN s B 427 kN s C 3600 kN s D 4410 kN s

9 Which of the following is a statement of the principle of conservation of momentum? 9702/01/O/N/03

A Momentum is the product of mass and velocity.

What is the speed of the trucks after the collision?

A 2mv to the right.

10 Which is not one of Newton's laws of motion? 9702/01/M/J/05

A The total momentum of a system of interacting bodies remains constant, providing no

10 A constant mass undergoes uniform acceleration. 9702/01/O/N/04

A It increases uniformly with respect to time.

12 What is the centre of gravity of an object? 9702/01/M/J/05

A the geometrical centre of the object

10 A cyclist is riding at a steady speed on a level road. 9702/01/M/J/06

A the force exerted by the cyclist on the pedals

Which quantities must be in the same direction?

11 The diagram shows two identical spheres X and Y. 9702/01/O/N/06

12 The diagram shows a cannon ball fired from a cannon. 9702/01/O/N/06

The recoil velocity of the cannon is 5 m s–1 horizontally.

What is the horizontal velocity of the cannon ball?

A 200 m s–1 B 500 m s–1 C 2000 m s–1 D 5000 m s–1

A vector diagram is drawn to find the final velocity v.

What is the length of side X of the vector diagram?

9 What is meant by the weight of an object? 9702/01/M/J/07

A the gravitational field acting on the object

Initially, the momentum is p1 at time t1. At time t2 the momentum is p2.

7 Which statement about Newton’s laws of motion is correct? 9702/01/M/J/09

A The first law follows from the second law.

mass of lorry mass of car

What is the magnitude of the total momentum?

A 209 kN s B 373 kN s C 427 kN s D 1045 kN s

After the impact they move off together.

9 Which is a statement of the principle of conservation of momentum? 9702/01/M/J/08

A Momentum is the product of mass and velocity.

A zero 20 cm s–1 to the right

What is the resistive force acting horizontally?

A 0.5 kN B 1.5 kN C 2.0 kN D 3.5 kN

Which equation is correct if the collision is perfectly elastic?

Which statement is correct?

What is the magnitude of the change in momentum of the ball?

A 1 kg m s–1 B 5 kg m s–1 C 1000 kg m s–1 D 5000 kg m s–1

The components gain kinetic energies X and Y respectively.

A 1.0 m s–1 B 1.5 m s–1 C 2.0 m s–1 D 2.8 m s–1

What is the speed of the masses after impact?

A 10 cm s–1 B 20 cm s–1 C 40 cm s–1 D 50 cm s–1

9 The diagram shows two identical spheres X and Y. 9702/13/M/J/10

10 Which defines the weight of a body? 9702/12/O/N/10