CLASS -12 .

Chemical
kinetics

Designed by 2¥ Bharat Panchal

-

Bharat Panchal Sir

-
bharat pancha 192 . . .
4. Chemical
kinetics . . .

Branch of chemistry that deals with the study

of reaction rates and their mechanisms .

⑤
Rate of Reaction change in molar conc .

of reactant or
product per unit time
R →p

Rale =
-
A ER] or 1- AID
It At

Unit
molarcohc.GRorp-mol.tl sect
Time taken or atm sect
for gaseous Rin

1¥ Average rate of Rxn * Instantaneous rate of Rxn

Change in molar conc .

of change in molar conc .

R or P of R or P at a
particular
during a large instant of time
interval of time
R → p
tax
ACaIf tins
doffs tddf
-

then
-
-
.
- =
. . =
.

aAtb B → cc
sins"
ha dde¥
-
=

""
ta AEE Ig a¥z3=+za¥¥
-
-
=

tf dat?
=
'

=
-5%17 .

:÷dE÷.si:8?..mT
-

Thi
 2X t 34 → 52

rate of reaction t deff Idea'T -1¥ deaf

-
-
= = =

rate of disappearance of X = -
dad
dt
rate of disappearance of Y = -
dad
at
rate of appearance of 2 = + DI
dt
ONCE MIN a reaction , 2A → Product the of A decreases from
,
conc .

0.5 Mol L I to 0.4 moi ti in Lo min Calculate the rate

during
-

this interval .

AE AEAI
Average rate = -

I At
) 005 mol.tl mint
I ¥-15
o
I
-

- -

= = =

=
5×10-3 mo LL I mini -
'

"
"
Q A -13 B → 2C, the rate of formation of C is 2.5×10-4 mol L -
is -
I

calculate the
Ci ) rate of reaction ( ii) rate of disable .

of B

Ans 2.5×10-4 moths

Given rate of formation of C
tdd# I
-
.
=
, =

of
fddeAf=-tzda¥=tIdaI
race reaction -

- -

rate
ci ,
of reaction
+
Iz DEI 21×2.5×10-4
=

dt
1.25×10-4
=
moths -
I

Cii ) Rate of disappearance of B

doffed Zdd¥
-
= =

3.75×10-4 Molle sect

=
3-2×2.5×104 =

92018 2 Ngos → 4 NO
, -102 ,
the rate of formation of NO ,

is 2.8×153 Ms - i .
Calculate the rate of dis .
Of Ncos .

A 2.8×103 Ms
Given , sale of formation NO
DINO
]
of
- '

, , =

of reaction
I dialed
rate

ttdzfd.de#a0s-3--EdTdNf
tf death
-

, =
=

? I +2.8×10-3=1.4×10-3 Ms -

I
Fatties
mmmm

C- influencing rate of a reaction

www.ww-wwww-w
www-
25

concentration -

Greater the conc . of reactants faster is

,
the rate of reaction .

*
Physical state of Reactant -

Reactions
reactants involving gaseous
are faster than reactions
containing solid
and
liquid reactants .

Temperature -

The race of reaction increases with increase

of temperature , for most of the reactions rate of reaction ,

becomes almost doubles with

every ios rise in tents .

¥ Presence of catalyst
A catalyst generally increases the
speed of reaction .

* Surface Area of Reactant -

Greater the surface area

of reactant
,
faster is the reaction .

# Presence of light -

Those reaction which takes

place
in the presence of sunlight, called photochemical Rxn
* Activation Energy -

lower the activation energy faster

is the reaction .

Rate law
murmur

rate of reaction
to the
is
directly prop.

product of molar conc .

of reactant and each

raise to the power their conc .
term on which rate of
reaction actually depends .

AA + BB → Product
s s
actual used a
B
"
B
rate of reaction X CA] CB]
 rate of reaction = K CAT CB ] ?
K -7 rate constant or specific reaction rate

rate constant is defined as the rate of reaction when

molecular all the
conc of . reactants is
unity .

Q Define order of reaction .

Ads .

AA + BB → Product It is the sum of the

3 } powers on conc . terms
& B
of all the reactants acc .

rate ACA)
'
CBTB to rate law expression .

9 → wir 't A Bt
w.r.tBP.TT
order =
At B ,

order of a reaction can be 0,112,3 $ even fractional .

"' I
-

Give order of reaction r = KEAT (B) order =

312
f- KC A) ZEB] Order =3

MIIKE Unit of rate constant for different order

K= (Mol L
- '
7th Sec I
-

'
hsec
-

Zero order K ( Mol L D i

Moll I
see I
-
- - -

- -

' '
first (Moll D Sec i
-

order K Sec I
-
- - -
-

(Moll D -2 Sec
'
Second Order K Mol Il
"
-
= -
-
I see

Difference between Order and

- - - - Molecularity
-

E*
Q .
For a reaction At B →D
,
the sate is given by
zale =
KEAT E B) 2

cis How is the rate of reaction affected it conc .

of B is doubled ( C. B.S E .
-
2015 )

Ciii what is the overall order of reaction it A is

present in large excess .

Anse ATB → p
2
Rate of reaction a- KCAIEB]
If conc .

of B is doubled 81 = KEAT CLB) 2

?
-
=
4 KCAIEB]
81=4×21
rate of reaction ,
becomes a times

dig rate of reaction ,

F- KEAT CBH
& A b present in large excess , the race law becomes
'd
8 = K '
EBI The overall order b two .

Q .
For a Rxh
2MHz # Na +3112
rate =
K
⑧
cis write the order $ molecularity of Rxn
cii , write the unit
of K

An Cil Order
given reaction b
of the zero but its
molecularity is two '
Lt ) Tec
-

Cii , since the order is two , Kemal -

I

= MOLLY sect

① Give order 90420120 order = o

I
K L mo I
I
-

see
-
=

=L
K = L mot
'
Sec
-
e

ATT Uf got Power E stent

T -
bat AT
vets
IT L

1 dnt I order 31T NIM

NinjaTipuM writing 23¥ speed ATE ,

Q write two factors which a Hed

-
-

rate of reaction
Ans Cil Temp dig catalyst Ciii ) surface Area .
.
IfnkgoatedRakEqnT
we were

first Order
- -
Those reactions which depends upon
one conc . term of reactant

R → P
Rate a R
'
-
d KERI
=
hat sit Down
-
der) Kdt
=

Try
both Sides
Integrating
SDI} kfdt integration
-
=

#
1-
In CR)
-

I
①-
= Kt 1- -
constant

j feel drei # 4Th Lahti

Tofyget
the I value of

iE¥Et put value of I

mea.io
-
In CR ] -
- Kt -
en Ro

en Ro -
lnR= Kt E. log x -
logy
en
Roz Kt
engage ]
=
=

£303 log If = Kt C- : ln =L 303-

log]

&3sETnEuTp- Caba
for Numerical
E-
23,91 log a- a K -

A -7 initial conc .
A K → conc
- .
left behind
.
a

{www
Zero Order Those
-

dent
reactions
on the
which are indepen
reactant
.

conc of
.
.

R → P

Rate of Reaction a CRJ

dead-

K =
AM
Both?
dt C
DCR) K dt ( Integrating ,

desert
-
-
-

www
-

Sd CR)
Kfdt =

Itry ME integrationconstant
# ②
To the value of I
get

try
|E,
put value
of I in
eq①
-

R = Kt -
Ro

- - - -

order )
Ro -
R = Kt
Ridged
1-Hal flifepeoiodctiIIt.is
Graph of Zero

in
I
the time which
- half of the reactant
'
reduced
T -1 Et
first order Zero order
1- = R = Ro 12 E- tyz R Rel z
tyz
-
-

,
,

Rod
t
23,03T log Rs t -
.
-
-

K
R

tye Ro Rs
tyz
Rez.x2
-

2.3%3
=

log
-
-

Z
-

±@L K Fierst
D@IuForgetuT half
on
life of first order is
the initial conc .
independent
of reactant

Q A first order reaction takes 30 Minutes for 50T .

completion calculate the time required for 90T com pl

.
. .

of this reaction

ARE tye 30 min

tyz 0¥93 k
063901 min
= =
g
-

tag
2.203T log
.
= a-
a x
-

&o3÷x3o log
=

go

99.7 min
dj3g÷gx3o log
= to = .

PseudoTuFirst0rdeoReactionmT
crew-wer

A reaction that appear to be of higher order but

follows first order kinetics under certain conditions

is called pseudo first order reaction .

"

In this type of reactions one of the

reactant is present in excess but other is present

small amount !
'
in

e.g Hydrolysis of ester

CH COO
, Cg Hs +
Hg O CHZCOOH tf tf - OH
(excess )

Rate K CCH COO

f Hs)
=
,

*
rate of these reactions depends upon the reactant
 in lower concentration
present .

.CH#uctofCatal4stwT
wirer Those substance which
change
chemical Rxn without
the speed of a
undergoing
any change in itself
- Catalyst increase the rate of
reduced
rxh
by providing an alternate path with

activation energy .

Positive
mmmm
Catalyst
which increase the
speed of reaction

Negative
murmur
catalyst exegete

which decrease the

speed of reaction .

ftp.fdef

Q .

Ang .

cuz COOCH, t H2O cuz COOH + CH ou

,
for a Ist order Rxn .

2.3ft log cadge

K =
At t
-

- 605
0.02311

12=2.3%3 log off

s I
-

At E- 305,

K=
93%1 log since value of Kis
0.30
= 0.02311 s
- I constant for fist order
kinetics .
Q A first order reaction is tot .

complete in so minutes -

calculate the value of rate constant CK ) In what

time
,
the rxn be got .

completed
Any Acc . to first order kinetics

6.386×153
2.39¥ log {¥ 2-3%3-1 gtfo
K -
- or K - = mini

Time required for 90% Completion of the Rin

t =

£3,91 log too = 2.30L log to =

360.63 minutes .

6. 386×10-3

Q .
And let sale of this rxn

• =
KEN me
clash
then
ftp.go.kco-is-ho.sn K C O -

153M ( O 30)
-
h

z (Ith NTI
or -
-

Again
¥ %Igo=kGi5mh
-

307M 151N K CO -

co -

m
or
ta
=

(f) 1n=2I
expression for sale law
'
z= KEN
2 Ed ]
,

fig substituting the values in experiment 6.)

'
0.60 M min I K CO ISM )2 CO 15M)
-

-
= -

or
K = O .
60 = 177.77 M
-2 min -
I

70225×055

mi: :: me
:i::÷::÷÷fm]
iii. o
-
-
"

Gift All the Best

Q calculate the half life of
-

a first order
reactions from their rate constant given below .

lit doo s e
-

Cii , 2 min -
I Ciii ) 4 years I
-

n
And Ci ) Half life , tyz
0¥93 ¥93 3.465 X 10-3 see
-
-
= a .

iii Half life sty

0¥93 0£93 0.3465 Min
= =
. =

Mi's Half life ty,

0¥93 0*93=0-17325 Year
-
-
=
,

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