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Dimmitt bharal pancha 192
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Electro -
Chemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry which
deals with the study of the production of electricity
from energy released during spontaneous chemical
reactions .
ELECTROLYTE
Those substance which dissociate into
ions in their
aqueous solution on
passing electricity
Anode
millime cathode are called electrolyte $ this process
I
" ' c- '
is known as electrolysis .
'
- - - - t t.
weak electrolyte strong electrolyte
-
etc
.
DEGREE OF IONISATION :
It is the ratio of number of ions
REDOX REACTION :
a chemical reaction in which reduction
(
gain geo ? $ oxidation close of eo ) both takes
place simultaneously is called Redox Reaction
(E"
smallest device which is used to convert
one form of energy into another form of energy
as a result
of redox reaction
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL electrical
"
heenheicagly
'
-
→
energy
ELECTROLYTIC Ceu :
electrical chemical
→
energy energy
-
L O A N
Tricks# . . .
¥¥o÷i¥iiim
'
glass tube
which is filled with a
FUNCTION :
•
It is used to complete the inner cell circuit
•
To maintain the electrical neutrality
°
To prevent the passage of one electrolyte into another
•
It is used to connect both the beakers .
Special case of DANIELL CELL :
the
tendency
shows
ELECTRODE POTENTIAL : It
of an electrode
to either lose or
gain e
-
when it is placed
in its own solution .
standard
Hydrogen Electrode )
5. H E
-
or Nrm E .
: It is device which is used
the
to eattculale standard electrode
potential of any electrode .
and I atm .
pressure be passed
into IM Hee solution in which
with
a
platinum foil coated
platinum black remains immer .
- sed .
Acc .
to IUPAC, stand .
red pot . . is standard electrode pot
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ELECTROCHEMICAL AND
ELECTROLYTIC CELL
ELECTROCHEMICAL ELECTROLYTIC
Electrochemical series : -
3HfayT with
Standard
Mg → - 2.36 u Don 't
cry unit attract civil
Ae → - 1.66 U Red " both E cute.
In -7 -
076 U e, HIT 3isf-iioiglkd.se# at
'
Cr -7 -
0.74W rust
Fe → -
0.44 V Applications -
Ni -7 OLS v
-
dec - -
comparing
.
reducing
-
cis In relative
Sh → Olov order
0%34
-
and
Pb → oxidsing power of element
of standard Cii,
.
-
H -70.0011
to -3kV
predicting the feasibility
fu → oxi .
of a Redox Reaction .
I to -5kV
→
potential Chi , calculation of Eocell
Ag
.
.
→ to.gov
Bretton Civ ) comparison reactivity
"
SOV
of
Au → +l -
metals metals
F → + 2- 87 V Cf or non .
# E'
cell
= E'
red
-
Eooxi calculate Eceee of
=
E' - ⇐ 2h12 neat 11 Cut Icu
cathode Anode
Eeeeee -
Fred -
Toti
ER
=
-
Eh
= 034 - C -
0.76 )
= l -
10 V
NERNST EQUATION
.
IF the conc .
e-
g
Mhteaq , Mcs )
0 →
the
.
Nernst e9 "
Ecmnym , Raff l"
{M#n+cag?
.
Ecmnym,
= -
T Tents 298K
'm
→
>
of e
nolose
. or
gain -0
FT Faraday constant
neo
AA + BB
> mmmm
At 298k "
Einen Eeceee ( MIM ENT
00h51 log
.
-
EAT 9 [ B) a
Eee eee O
.05 log
=
tox
-
Red .
GIBBS ENERGY :
ago . -
nfeoeeee AU = -
hftcele
-
-
AT EQUILIBRIUM !
they =
00h54 log Kc
Kc →
equilibrium constant .
RESISTANCE :
Ral
to its
•
Rx I i. e
A
is resistivity
Raha # where I
or R =p
specific resistance
or
of
G-
Ip =
say =
Kay
where k is
conductivity
Cell constant !
The
quantity Gais called cell constant .
't
given by G
get I K 't
axe
-
= -
CONDUCTIVITY '
.
gym § conducting
power of all the ions
produced by one mole of
electrolyte in a solution .
It is denoted Am
by .
Mm - K X l ooo
-
M
S Cmb
Mol -
I
Am It always decreases with decrease in concentration
for weak and strong electrolyte .
( or increase in dilution )
Am = Ani i -
e
Variation of nm with
( strong DEBYE -
HUCK EL RULE
electrolyte )
Ame Ani - AIT
And →
limiting molar and .
Am -7 molar conductivity
At constant c → cone .
shown
Dom KOHL RAUSCH 'S LAW .
Ain ( Hz COOH =
din CH COO
,
-
t din Ht
→ at concentration
l" ) Degree of dissociation Cy ) =
nom → at infinite
dilution
His Dissociation constant CK ) =
concentration
1- a
'
of
sub
deposited
w
29
.
liberated or
w ZXIXT 27 electrochemical
-
-
E- Current equivalent
t -
-
time
Z= wt substance
eq .
.
of
96500
Mass of Ag deposit = eq wt .
.
of Ag
Mass
of Ca deposit eq wt
.
of Cu .
Q. How
charge is required
much
for the reduction of I mot
of
't
zn to 2n ?
Aus 2nd -1 + Leo → 2h
Charge required -
- hf
=
2×96500
Eu Products of Electrolysis
The products of electro lysi
depend upon the nature of electrolyte being electro lysed and
the nature of the electrodes .
At cathode
-
Matteo → Na
At Anode Cl →
Iz Uz tee
-
TRICK
& H2O → H
,
+ Oz
at cathode at anode
I
t .
4
To get produce at To
get produce at
cathode : Anode :
① Reduction Pot of Hao 7 Red "
① oxi potential of Hao > oxi
-
bot .
do cations of G -
I
,
9-2 bot .
It etc
Eg Nat Kt , cast, Mg Aest .
,
, ,
So reduction at So oxidation of Hao
of Hao occur ,
② Olli .
Potential of Hao
② Reduction pot .
etc
Potential do other cations
.
oxidation
C. than cations of G -
1,9-2,4-13 ) so of
these ions at
CULT Agt Aust Cda ; zag
e.g ,
,
, anode .
seduction doesnt
So of H2O
occur at cathode
P.Y.CL $ NCERT →