3.

4 - Gas Laws

Ethanol and carbon dioxide are pictured below. They

: bent
have similar, but not identical molar masses.
or
b mcgee:
se
IEEE:
Femi
-

une

1. What is the hybridization on the O in ethanol?

a. sp b. sp2 @
c. sp3
Igor
'

I
2. What is the bond angle on the C-O-H bond in
Agenda:

to
ethanol?
1. Notes- The 3 Gas Laws
a. 180 b. 109.5 c. 90
HL: Gas Practice!
3. Which would have the higher boiling point and
why?
"
X
a. CO2 because the molecule is polar -
n

X
b. Ethanol because the molecule has
more
- LD forces only to big
①
c. Ethanol because it experiences
hydrogen bonding

*
-

d. Ethanol because it has a trigonal

planar oxygen atom.
-

4. Ethanol as a solid would be a...

%oni\p
a. Lattice b. Network SolidO
c. Molecular Solid

-
-
tetrah .

molecular bent :

geo
sp
's
- alle
-

geotetnftbriengtpyr tetrah
.

.
Let's talk gases... this is the AP chem equation sheet
chunk for this unit.

# visits

[
[
← tensity

± ]
E
⇐

We will need to really begin watching our figs now.

to
answer

+
Combined Gas Law:
1. Not in the equation sheet.
-

2. Nowhere in the binder- however- it reads... "graphical

-

representations of the relationships between P, V, and T are

--

useful to describe gas behaviors".

The combined gas law is a

nice way to keep those
relationships squared away in
your brain should you choose
to tuck it away in there.

T
n d
Direct pod T
proportion nd p

Inverse Vd P
prop p d
-

sa
m
e
 partiqksaritescapej-y.my
When a sample of oxygen gas in a closed container of constant volume is
heated until its absolute temperature is doubled, which of the following is also
doubled?
,
stuff Tx 2

)
'

¥
A. The density of the gas iona
B. The pressure of the gas → Pdt is
C. The average velocity of the gas molecule
propjet
X
D. The number of molecules per cm3 density lol
-

of
: force
Pressure to
impact due
walls w
.

collisions
.

V const
-
-

→
The reaction between NO(g) and O2(g) to produce NO2(g) in a rigid reaction
-

vessel is represented in the diagram above. The pressure inside the

container is recorded. Which of the following statements correctly predicts
const the change in pressure as the reaction goes to completion at constant
T temperature, and provides the correct explanation?
- -
-

←
A. The pressure will increase because the product molecules have a greater
mass than either of the reactant molecules. →
Notainuosedsystem
B. The pressure will decrease because there are fewer molecules of product
than of reactants.

€C. The pressure will decrease because the product molecules have a lower
average speed than the reactant molecules. >
speed temp =

D. The pressure will not change because the total mass of the product
molecules is the same as the total mass of the reactant molecules.

higher
¥1 e
-

ya f- ⑤
.
Ideal Gas Law:

I I
^^ another way to think about it for
before/after situations.

Big Reminders:
1. Temperature MUST be in K.
=

2. The R constant depends on the Pressure unit.

#
3. SIG FIGS!
 Example 1: A 2 L container will hold about 4 g of which of the following gases at
✓
0°C and 1 atm? mot
4g →
dif molar
mass

€Hl8#m#
a. SO2 b. N2 c. CO2 d. CH4 e. NH3
0491mW 28

PV NRT I

nlo.co#ot273)momlaars--mEo--.Ioog-n--O.O89mo/
-
-

Hate)Lz±)
-
-

=
0.09

Example 2: The chemical reaction below reacts 10.0

-
grams of aluminum
carbonate (233.99
-
g/mol) molar mass at a temperature of 25oC and a pressure
of 500 mmHg. What is the volume of carbon dioxide produced?
@

of
'
5Pa Al2(CO3)3 --> Al2O3 + 3CO2 t
↳ pv=nRT
,
=
V= ?
Isf
10g
= I

l9gAbxlmotA¥y÷¥Fa
233.90*0313 used
-
-

0.1282g!
if
PV NRT-

10.In128281/162.Y 36%4*11753 )
-

1500 mmHg)V
-
-

Isf gu
+
v.
425" .
Dalton's Laws of Partial Pressure:
o
First off: Partial Pressure is the amount of pressure a gas
-

would exert if it were the only gas in the container.

-

.
.

Each gas in a mixture will behave differently because the

particles are different sizes.
#

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure states that the total pressure

-

of gases in a container is equal to the sum of all of the pressures

-

of each gas (#2).

L #1

j
=
-
-

.
#2

We can also make use of the mole fraction (X) which is the
moles of a specific gas over the total moles of gas in the
container. (#1)
- = I mo l

Question: What is the mole fraction of

each particle in this container?

ii.÷: i÷÷÷::
X red

x.
 Example 1: We have one container with 24.0 L of nitrogen gas at 2.00
atm, and another container with 12.0 L of oxygen gas at 2 atm. The
temperature of the total mixture is 273 •
atm.KThey are mixed into a 10.0 L
.

container together. What is the total pressure? O ""

20pu.net ⑦
'"
t
Z

.si/Poiuoatn
① PV=ERTcnz ) µ

(2. ooatmll24.ir/--n( 0.0820611273) 1101=(2.14110-08206-11273)

=

PNE
tm

:÷÷¥÷÷÷÷÷
nous - → Pt -
-
Pw ,
+ Po ,

a - -

PTV --
ART
=
17401=(2.141-1.07)/0 -
08206×273 )

=l7l9atmJ
/ Pti
Example 2: An equimolar mixture of N2(g) and Ar(g) is kept inside a
rigid container at a constant temperature of 300 K . The initial partial
pressure of Ar in the mixture is 0.75atm . More Ar is added to the
container, doubling the number of moles of Ar gas in the mixture.
Assuming ideal behavior, what is the final pressure of the gas mixture
after the addition of the Ar gas?

A. 0.75atm, because increasing the partial pressure of Ar decreases

the partial pressure of N2.
B. 1.13atm, because 33% of the moles of gas are N2.
C. 1.50atm, because the number of moles of N2 did not change.
D. 2.25atm , because doubling the number of moles of Ar doubles
its partial pressure.
Collecting Gasses Via Water Displacement: Chem 't IT3
Gases can be collected directly or after a chemical reaction via water
displacement. You did this in chem 1 with the hydrogen gas lab...

The gas collection tube is

called a "eudiometer".
ometer

In this lab the gas is not pure, there is always at least some water
vapor present in the collection vessel as well- you can use the vapor
pressure of water to determine the amount of gas collected.
H2O vapor
←

-
O
←

temple
gaslroomp =Hg
collect 780mm @
Ex : a -
-
?
Ngai
PTgoom.j.I.no#f=7zo.8IHg
pvsnrt
PEE
-
 Last Slide- You Try It (Whiteboard.fi)
1. A gas mixture at 0°C and 1.0 atm contains 0.010mol of H2,

Lizard
0.015mol of O2, and 0.025mol of N2. Assuming ideal behavior, what is
the total pressure of the mixture?
# Po z
ace
PT =
Paz t t Pne

Pui XAPi

o.o.si#s)l atn/- Poz-PV-

1%47
-
-

2. A certain experiment generates 2.58 L of hydrogen gas collected

over water. The temperature is 20°C and the total pressure is 739.7
mmHg. How many moles of hydrogen gas is this?
RT

÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷
n

÷.
*. ""
.. .
.

Into