31-12- 2022

MAA
O 1 7 - 3 0 71 2 3 7 0

Chemi col Bond

betwee n wo
mol/10ns/cpa
afoms ot
mol.ions/

holds he
atom^s
Def frce which
Attarchive

agrtr
Source of torce: elechron ranster
sharinq /don tte,

ees bonds:
electrovalent bon
O Tonic/
Covalent bondA

covoulen t bond
Co oToinote

H bomd

M e t a l ic bo nd

fom ions:
b w to

L ioni z a i o n Potential

L Electron Afint
 potenthials
I.P x Successive ionizatHon
when
requried
Amount of enery

isoloted
loosely bownd eleckon
Most

Factors Tadius

Inner shell

Shailding Effect IP

AlleclHalf flled LPT

Sul
orbi tal

E.A.

an
elechron is added
Amonnt enerqY releape when

atom M f6Km pnón.

an isolated gaseouy
 Avmovnt dt enerey equred to remove the mos- loosely
1P

to forn
Oound elecron frorm an isolateB qaseous at9an

a chton.

Faetors
chargeT IP
e d neuclew.
O Charge
s > p >d>
Alled d-orbital
10 Half Alled/ Full
Shielding Effect

&(-ve) ons
1ons
How to torm +ve)
elecko pentived reqahit.
anion 5S
betuoeen tatiom&
Electrostatic attrachon

Called ionic bond

of omation df
formation of 1on ic bond
ionic bond.
t condiFions
What are

a + (-A)
Condihion to form &a
Ca (-U)
tie egy
 -Ve 1gCbond
AH I -A -y - will fom

ne onicbbn
elese i

of
ben tormali.
1onic bond tormaion
Tons tormahon Enereties

Tons ormatfon

LonS uare paise formaHon

R

R + Un Pairedd)
CPaired)
Tons Square tornmajon:

A
lo Square stabitity a ionic bondT
solidnts
Ceystal Energa
2NaC Cistal)
Na + a

r e c t with
9m mo eleetro
mol ot elecro posithie
gm
Crystad energ
Tegahve, energy relessed ot
X
energu
real esed en
AmonntSf

and torm
 4/o1/20
MAA
Bopn - Habber cyce

Natuva State t Crystel

cteEntolyy ot ferwing
rystal

Na)
bmhion) N Naa) Na
Dsaaiotio cA A C
Crystol
NaCS)

nac
=S+ I+D -A - U
erystal torm Zr
-ve ZT

summation AllAll eneray

ApPlicatiorn
calculation.
OCrysBak formathion Rnthalpy

a crystal l l torm
er not
)wheHhes

stabil tcryste
Determinjg the
Deter

Ma
Born Habbes cycle

Ma
Mg MaMg Ma

\ A .

Mg Mgb

S+I,+D, -A,-U

Mg
M

S , + I +I, + P 2A, Vo,o

p
-

No
Charectaristics pnic compounds

O Solids a t room temp raturt

High melting Points

) Hard & britte.

eg wo-ter. (H20)
Solu ble in polar solvent

Conductor ot electrocit
tast.
Moleculas reachion qre very

Do not i bit isonmerism

n)

(Viu)

Covalent Bond

(AB AB
AB Covelent

create share electron;

o w to
behweentoo ctmos holdsH
holds t
Net attracive orce
Sharing electron.
 Non-polar
Covalent
bond: Folous ottet)
Condition of formina
h e octet rule)
Gllows
Valence electron

Equal Elechronegativity
electrons. EA fo
(EA de sane
for e same
meleclee
Equal Shaing t

Covalent Bond
Pe lar

H
end, neaative end
ttwo erd. positie
Postially
of onic
o 8 covalen
nic& Covalent
properties
Compare the per

Conmpoumds

Covalent bond
nars & VIMolecular
reachon are

gas diquid at
or
very 9ow.
solid, oom temP
Melting roint l o .

brile
Neither hard
nor

so/ution.|
ble in organic
colu
Non conductor
direchianehi bit
/ Bonding isomer ism
 MaCl S 35.0
NaC S =26.o
I 176.0
CkCal)
(kcal) I 118.4 T 348.0

D 58.0 D S8.0
A - 87.1 A -37.0

-171.o
U -184 U Mgel) =

U (Mga.): -600.o

LXanp

TnSI,++A- U 17 - 18 klal
35 +176+ 87-9E

+D A -,
StI+T
Mq Go6
S3-2x87 -

35+176 +348
+
=

-157 k Cal
 Ceordinate Covalent boned Or
Pative ond

A 9
AB

A B
Donor ueptor

e sta rel
electrons
elecrons
o
bond in which bot
beth
covalent+
& Hu attom/iens.
ComiS trom 0e
pa
H
H-N-H Ligand Ponor Atony
NH[NH]
Ligands
Complex tom poumds
SOs, Os3 CN

H-bond
bomded to higkly tlectro hegaivL
D:Hydragen is sovalenHy electron pair
T h shaved
atom e-2 x o , N, F). strona dipole
is created.

Puled doser. asa esul+ a

IS

1 H ( H KX-4
-Helecpostofie
betwen 4m H-atom t toalsy
ath.
Da elecfro static
electro negative atom x (gN F) qd
onded +o highly
electrons on X in anothar melecules
a done pur ot
CAlled H-hdind
 Chers of H-bond
have high elecronegaivity-d
() Only (oN, F) which H-
a tthe H-be
capeble 4to torming
to foringte
are
Small etomic si2e at o
thatt MoTmad
MoTmaX
but much neaker
(Longer ehain
Covalent bond.
mumber f cessociche
associahe
Result in Long chain o a lasqe

molecues likeea iny mag nct.

bond directhion.
has bend direchon,
Like a covalen+-bond i

Spes&4-bond:
Ttra-Moleculas. Dter-Molecular.

3 diffevent moleculs.
b e f " same oleeula

No
H oL -0-i

2-Ntopheno 2- Nitro benzoic Aeid

Iee, HE, H0.

Chass. of H-bond compomds

High bending.
Dhgh Solubilit
1 Theytos m 3D Cry5tal athice.
 Chem
Date: 28/01/2023

MAA

h Week
Metallic Bond:
pecui las type dt bonding
electrom sea madel|
Delocali zed Electon.

++ + elecrostatie attrochon
-

+ - +- * Metallic ions.

electron sea
on the basis ot
of Metal
E Physical Propesties
(
madel lo eer s tate wgher
OReflectivity lighteneg electron
electron eg
eve)
emits
EM
e vcdiatiom.

Reflecii
delocalized electron
1Ductility & MaileabiliM
Con be beaten
meves but retusns
14 for different ShoR. i s 3itiom

delocalized eleeron, moves

Heat ansfer;
transfer energ

Elecic Conduti it
Z n dC

Hetronhoto electric Effect

Emission o