lopicLaBordíng

ha
he
is Toric

electfeostastfie
Bording
attheron fpce kericen ofie
and retre ions

bond toee inM0?3ho-i the edimn

2Hon does

-22

3Explan,hor o Clz
CI C2,3,
tms Sho àd-cre digran

7Cl c2,
12 23,35 Ma2 C2, C2%
17C C2,3,
 Mo
Ma
tom g aay 2et to fan

Each f 2-afoms tAns h e ead

2cr ions
The eleteo static Tpatin frce
betuleen M2 anà 2cl\ tor MCl
Sane for Nacl, Mo0 Na 20,Acla

Aite the peopewies of ionic

compounds
Sonic componds oxee solid aTroon
he emperue
hoe high relfng ond
he forem e n Pee
boilhms points

hey dissolve
qE
he-coh condt eleheicis when
notenor
hot in
dissobied
solid
f ater, but
 222
lopichoic Rarding
NGc NoChashieh
s rmatne
orRc poit
compouAnd
They toro Rant ioric strice
neqses a l5T of ererg break tre lattice

2|he
Why Ma0 hos a
loé raeing pit
active
The oTe
charges n M
dharges nNoC
atee
ore G
2 thon
ond
NaC1?

Ond
Ihe eedmostatt
and otnockon rcebeieen Pa
beiHeem NT Fucce
and Ci

3hg NaCl corducs eett nmotfen

dfssoved Siate no
nsoid?
soid staethe ons in ad
pos?tien in
They
nmolten
OPe roT alloved
or dissoNed
omo SitTRe

pe ee conaiion heens
oNing ons help cndu eledrich
4: Wing he Tor rala

Na Na
O0
5 Fovmula of he Compound N4 Arm ort

PO phaspheds PO phosphre, 04 s4lphat

pha
co Cowbonate s No nitnsteyd
OH bydroxide
5odium ehlossde?
PMagnesian
mAlunanium
5odian ide. Na
oxide
chloriàe .
CA10D
50,2suphie
Na C
e
Mg

o
NaC)

Aa0,
Naz 0
SMga

Caamsufyte Ca2 507 Co50

04vmmonium phos phate(H4),Po3
NH4)3PP4
nAlaniniurn carbona e. 412,C%.
AlC°)
 l1 222

opi cCovalet Berd

Nhat s
covalent bond?
een
The eecieostafc aTraalion fece
a eleeons
pos He ude? ond negshive pred paie

Hor the aloms re

bonded CO.3
The eledtestatic atocion force beten posie
nuclei d carbon ond oKygtna ond negNe shared

pair elecrns betHeen hem ,ho4hem geThe

eoulest bond

3hy CHA has loW meting ond boiing poist?

CH4 to ms Simpl moleulaR stuaupe

hey have Hesk nePmelecusb atteadion

Omal amoun enerayeqPed. beeok hem

Part
4 Khy He sunoble to conducr eectinjcttu?
In Hc there aee eledonsS harged
ba the ae attached So sinpl
Pafcles he tha
beteen tehns he Conn
5 ny diom chd
ison
has aNe high elting poînt
Diomon d allolrope of carbon
orns on covaleh sTPActue
Each carb on om fepnasoue covaent bords
th othe chbo aom omins
Hetoahedea STeuctpe
This cní nues Kroughoq he whee
dimord
The treue coya lent bond batween ETSs abms
makes the ns Co mpaa ad he STronges
oh EaFTh
substNCce
a 1o ghengy5 break Hhe Spuckpe
Hregun Rs
s used q ubicot
G:Wh
Geaphfte
s
geaphrte
O allotspe o carbon

oms gian COVlenf stoucre

bond
COrban tomforms theee ovalest
Each emains oee
3 sher cxrbon stomSy iheb eledfion
Nth
copbonWHh Hree srms Trigonal
and oo
One Where delocalised
hexagongl ayes
bind he eakly
elecrons
ag sides oVep

hen making
oee is oppfad

pealney
>a

d
sote and sippexy
0other tcan be Use as lub-iCon
thst
 822
lopic.Cosalent Bondin

1Why Co
flerene hos lod melling ond
bolfng point inspie d baingllctope
Conbo h fke dfornond ard aoophtte
CsO tulerene topms Simple molecular siucupe
coniaining 60 capbon afons in the moleeuk
hey have vieak ntenoesuap attrocefon oce
Srmall
amoun ot
enerayepre d beeak Them
Pare

2 |Whu fllepene
tter
is unode o
delocalised
corduc dedeicit
even howina elecTrons
In ulere carbon ctom toms thpee coalent
bonds iTh thbee oThee capbon afons
The outh electpon pemains see To
These eedrons pe alloled move Wihin the
6o caebon Tons the n
moleule"
nolecule to
The delocalised elediions/at move teorn ont onothe-
Fove thatr, snoT ble Tscnduct eednfct

Drra dot-ceoss diagram of NH,

N
Rtt lopic MefallicBr
Na Ma ond A ore Theee mdls

DDraN the merq|lic sfuckre sf Ma

Delocalised lecteons

OEplin he metalic bond in Ma

M arom loses 2
eecrons and becones
he s elecieon3 become debcalised: hen 3he
a Mg2t ons and delocalised decteons qee be4
Heaethee by eledrosktíc Brce qthaTon
This s hon the mealc bond isnM
RHhy is the memg point df Averykgh? C2
In Al, there apeSTeong eTallic bonds
de 3 brea delocalked es per A omA lot energy
poi A
neededto the bonds easising meting

hyAknad be betee orducor

will
condu eedrKrty EaehA oe
hahMa
Ne eledirons

gies up 3
es bat eachMg yp 2es ao es
and
SThese given uP es becone delooalised
nduet eledricky
Since. A has tpe delocalised

than M., s a bette conducoe

 13-I-22

lopiceaanc Chemist
rWeitee he hone and forsmmula kanes,
allkenes, qlaoh ols,
CueoC)
Alkanes Gtanta Akenes,LHAokos CHant
methane, CH4
methan,CH-OH
ethane CHeHn ehane CHCHehanel,cHa-CH.-oH
peoPane peopene, PrOpanol,
Ch cH-CH eH--CH= eH CH,-cH cH,-oH
botanes butene, butanol,
CHa-CH-c1-eH C-CH-cH=cH, CH-CHCHCH0H
pentoahe, pefehe, pesans
CH-CH-CH-cH,CH3 H-cH,-cHCH=CH, CHcHa- ch-cH
-cH-OHH

hexaneR hexene hexanel,

CH-CH-CH-CH,CHCH-CHrCH eH-ch-CH
CH CH-cH=cH CH-CH-cH,-oH

2Nh undiona goup

(
3 Aee
seriesf
fhe choaqchevasics harnologos

Wha are da copbon.s

S ond soneis Giveexqmple

 Molecoo Poe rruln CH
Empiical
Stoucruwd
=CHs
CH-CH-CH2-CHs
Dfs played h H C-H
soemens
cH3
CH-CHa-CH-cH CH-cHctta
8tane
CAho 2-roethyl-pmopne
CaHo<
7CaHio

CH-cH2-Ch-oH
Poopano-1 CH-c-Ct2
AIsomevs Peopan-2
The
compsutndshoina
b afevet steura
sane rrolerulor fomu
o orla ae ScRd be
Tsornerns
Ts phenomenn
celled
ench cthe
bkieen
isorrersm
e Corepoad
 T
E
R lopicReision Class
5.J22

Nome 4tollov-ina ionic Qompaunds

NaaO4 5dium Sulfate

bCa CoD2Caleium hydnoxide

OhBe- Patass iunm branfds

MocO Magnesium Carbonas

eNHNO, Ammonian NAte

Noitee the fopmulaof the foll-vfng

Alnoinistno Sultate A(504)

bAmononio Phasphate
= NH,Po
LendCIL) bnomide= Pb B-a
Teon CII) hlbride FeCl

Colcium Carbanafe- CaCOs

 Nenfe The of
ollovina organic copolhds

CH-cH33 Ethane
cHCcH=CH Peopene

cHsCH cHaCHa OH. Btanal

CHo Butane
aCthe Otene

Nete the tormuls df

follanina orgsni Com prand s.

o methaane CH4
bethene'. C2Ha
Pmopano. C H,OH
pentan CH2
penftre Cho