XCHEmICAL BoNDING AND MoLECULAR

Whal fs
STeuCTURE.
Octel Rule ?
An alem musl
poses 8 eledvom n ts valence Shell
by
ga ning
ganing ex
lnsing ax
Shaing er stasity s Called
etet vule.

2 WhEh ethe tuD lom ar Z" u mane

Cot2 mDre stable than
stable .uwlhy?
Znt fen. Reagen-An atem e
on th ned gas
mBretonou vatfen stable than he
atom er fen th pseudo ned ga»
(enouratien.
)Ca îned gas tonlau
has ,
Shell ihle 2 0 vatftn (nsof) n the valenty
ha peude fnel Confvatfen (ns'nd
Iherelove Cot more Stable than zn*a
Znta
3 on mAre
Stable thon d atem.
hhy?
ton has stable ectet ten
uratien.
Issap3s sp -Av etectronic ton\furatYen
atem døes nat hawe atet . tence d s more 9tabl
than cd

1Wh-Arqen dees net ovm Ara moleLule?

-Araen atem Centain 6table atet (enlfquratfen n i
Nalence shell. A (ant Shore tts eledrom Loth angthev
Per otom. St deeant ovm Ao moleLule.
5 A and B au tuue deherani atoms ohen deA AB molezaule
beuome tovalerl?
When he eleironegatuty dherence betuoeen the ate
A and 8 are ls than .7. So,AB moleule becomes
Covalen.
 lhai & neañl b loealyed otals
he abitals uohfch ana fhuslued h bend Jovmotfen
and they ave
lecaliged betuseen the tue nule a
bonded atems are dalled oalized erbtals.

Hod many Sfama and p bonds ane presenl n

Catta and (t CaHH.

|EI Cata tas 30bond ond 27 bonds.

Catu has 5 bonds and 17 bond .

8 here any chonge in he hubridSAotien atoran

and
and NtYeqen adems as a eAult e the olleuong
reaclfen Bs+ NH3 fh8Ntls ?
Belore the readien , hubr?dSAatlen e toron & sp ard
ater re0ifon it S p

Balr trogen it b sp3 belore and ater the veadioj.

XSTATEs D« MATTER : GAsEs ANo LrauTDs.

Wha are Tsotherms?
| he urves ploed between presure and volume eka|
gfven mas eh Gps al tonaloañl tempexdure is Called
eFven
Ssotherm.
P
600k
4ook
200K
 Ihe urves
plotted bluoeen volume and
tempexálure ál1 Censlont premure e aoaelile
Called TsoaA.

PPaPa
1OK 0OK
P

0OK 300k
T
3Wha are Toochavea?
he wves
platled beueen pressure and absoute
And
ture at tonslail volume abeute tempea-tempea
alled otheres'

,V2 3:
P
Ok 0OK 200K 3oOK uoo<

T-
4J Why the gas lonslañl R talled unfveveal gas tenilart?
he value ae gas tenalañl "p' Same all
4fs called uversal os qase. So,
gas tonslart .

S GRve he value Conzla+l n

a g deererl ut?
Unts e Unfvevsal gs lenslanl
R 0.0821 t.atm.mot
0-083 dm. bar.k mol
8.31h xtoeerge.kmo
8.314 . Kmol
2 Cal.emot

6 State Graham laus

a detuen
Graham lausAt tomta tempexdlure and premore
the a e
e dehusen eh gos nvetsely proportienal
10 Squae ool e % dety er molar mas.

r l M la) o
 Whfch a he qoses deHuse aater ameng Na O and ct?
Why?
CAlH q dRuseaster ameng Na Da Reason$ dl4{)
.

has leuo moleulaY oeght than Nao8) and e3a).

Heu many +mes methane
deHses kater than s0?
|-ACoYding o Gxahams lao e d m.
rCHu MCO Tuo Kmey dantwtau
M CHH
SOe
What à Baltzmann (oslanl ? Gve Hs nalue.
he Vaue agos onala+l per ene moleeule &
Called Baltzmann temtan e).

Value a K:
K 38 x lo evg kmole ule"
38 xio* J k mote cule
lhal 8& Rras Speed ?

The Square oemean e Squares aspees a

all the qos molecules reAent n gaA Called
as RM1S Speed ums).
Umg uuu3 +u
n Total ne.al moleules
U,ua ,u3 are ndfuidual Speeds.

lhat& toyle temperadure?

The temperoture at uhfch ameal
The gas behaves Jfke an
Rdeal gos and abes the gas laus ver d e vange

epreures Called Beyls tempexodure.

12)What Average Speed?
Average Speed the ratfe athe m al 9peeds
g motecules + o e +otal number e molenle

Uavg U+Uo Ug--- +un

n Total no.omolecules
u,ua,u3 ave fndfdual Speeds
13Whal & the mot probable Speed ?
the Speed
pememed by maxfmum number e
molecles 904 & called mest probable Spéed.
8 denofed ba Ump.
Ump 2RT M

9 Jhal & Compremibitity lader

Thelie eadual molar volume
aa gos to the
molay volume aa pexed gas under the Same
Cendftes Called lempreibelty ter
Z eal Z P
Vsdeal RT

5hlha & &Enl vaume ?

The volume tupfed buy mele a
Bne as'at tHfal
temperalua and ftfal pemure knauun as
etnl volume(Ve
6 hat & ttHl pYewwre?
The mintmum premua eqised +e JHa a »
at he u8tfcal tempeyluw Called as baftol
Rremore P
h y pamuu tAAker is ued fat taakhg aed en

(SS
Ai hfah alttudes admasphe-fc pasuna m.se,
walar b L at tatemperatuu Hen ce presu
Ceake ara ued a (aakhg lasd en hl.

lhad a Sudace Temiens2

The ace ailhg aleng the
Suace aa lqud
o sght angles 49 anytne lne' e unt length
Colled Gwace tensfen
Untdynes( l)
Whal& toeltei el ussfh? Gve ta ut.
v&esits Ceeifen he ovce lhen velecty
gradierl
radfenl untty and the area e Cerdad & unft
area

f nA du Ou
z dz
=
velotty qradYen
A area e lontadt

ST uts & .ms () pa.s

CGS un gm.t (en) peae.(P1)

X SToICHOMETRY.
in
Hauo many ne. amoles e guose are presei
SHOgs eguose ?
Gr e CH 180gms
= Given weht
NO.6moles
Garom mdeular ueqht

SHO - moles.
80
 Calcuulade the weght e O.I mole eSodim laxboae
NO.amoles Gtiven oeght 2 t 2 - ( q 20
aram meleulaY uoeght
Leght n8.amoles x GM
0.1x I06 =
0.6qm
3-He many moleuules el aucose are presei n
S.939 olutose
No.e molecules No.amoles x -AvegadD number
S2x
*6.003 x23 Mno
I80
22
2t-to
7 5 Ylo moleulea.
H he empiial amula ala tempaund da0.
Ib moleular wefght & ao. Callate moleular

oTmula
Male cular lermula tmpecal ormua * n.

My Soly
n Maleuudan Wt
¬mpirica lovmula hWt
30 +6-
moleular lovmula tta0) x3 --6+2
C3t6 O3
Balance the elleung equatfen bythe oxdatên
number methed. S2S|
CNos3 +pb Hooo{O
C +PblNos),
2(-JH 6C2)
3 unfts ncreage 2 +2 X-t

+ +3
a{No3)a Pb 2 2-4 =di
CY +PbNog >
2 (ly-2 t
un4s decreae

So balanced egaten &

Cr +3pb Noa CrNoas 3pb.
Wha volume el ta at STP eqired to veduted
O.745 q e Cu te gfve u and Ha0.
HSO
Balanced eauatfen 2+-& = 0

--9=G
ue+Ha C Ha0
KSoy
19. 92.4 = -2 =t6

39.5 gms e o Teqres 9.4L eHat

Kmmoy
STP
+ - & =o
O.19s qs e u eqie. &- =+7

O.795 x 02.4 0.04 L+ 2t-& d

-2 =t6
9.5

Whal a sedey lon Cept ? Ge example.

A chemica readn n ohh nuolves coth
xfdatten and Redutfen & Caled redex
Ceaaen hSOS
Ho-o-0

2 + + 2(-)+34

n th n exfdLaed and educed

X-6
3iha de uau mean hy 9grfai lures?
The meonfahl dfgi hN a ena ufth
Cextafnt ate Coled 6sanffenil rres.
6 208 has hree Sanflfeand fqutes .
vinmuhlel ucel(
Recepto The mediwn wl) ¬Lleted a pelludauk
s Coll ed Keceptev. aîv pelakos
be(enes eteptvt -fe
es
eathh w t peluuleut
t e
neciwrn wl
deod auir
im zy
niw oY Gaitms
 XTHERMD DYNAMMICS.
State t lous &the
thermadyamcs?
F&u tau t S+ate that the enerquun a proce
may be tranlermed
rom one Lerm nte the ether
bi S nefther eated ner detrayed"
s aue kaauh a las Conser vaten a
enex Au 9 t hl.

2Gfve he eqatfen that ove the relatfemhtp between

AU and AH?
The elatonshep betuoeen AU and At

A4 AU PAN
AH A d + AnRT
lhere
AH
change n thalpy
AU hange n frter nal eneg
enerqu
An npta) ne
R uvensal gas tonstart
T TemperatuBe
uhat & the relatfenshfp betuoeen Cp and ?
CP- Cy - R
lhere
p molar heal lopa t y at cønstañl premore|
C molav heal lapadty at tomtanl volume
3
R univergal gm tontanl.

StateHErd laus thermadynamits

Thrd laot The erhsopy a pure ard pere
Crystaline Subetance zere at abAolute Zero

tempexaiore. (-a73'c)

ST dT
What & entkropy? explan uofth example ?
Eropy The thevmodynamitoal a quantty
okith mea^ores "d&ovder nem" el moleule le
ardem nes el the System &Colled entopy "
& a State untfen &eteuive property.
dennted b S dhonge in ertop
denaed y AS
e Watex Vape
Sfte Soter Svapaun
Thevmody namicol «opreserdatien
AS vev AHe
T

enthop
Erthalpy
393.S kJ mal
Com buustFen a Coben
. Calulate the heat released
te Coa is
upon
upen emafen e 35.2g C o brom Covben
and dfoxgen qas
fovmaen aCo rom s lorben ond dbugen
9as Con be represented a»

C+O CO A -393.5 K3 mol

Heatrelea^ed en lormaten e uh qra e Coa
-3.5 k3|mol.
. He veleased en
hovmafen a35.0.qm o Cop
9A3.5
x 35.29

314.8 ka mol
. Couf-euf dC
to1-1 Satof
T
Pvestue Tt
c
o d facutlh-yy
(ounnk

y= AC
1pav
1pv
xplan GRbb enerqy.
The
he anDuril
a
whfch (on be
eroyawaflabte kom
yom ao Stem
pil to uel seYk at lontant
Gtem
tem
perálwu and tontant
premove olled ashb kiee
enera
aGGA+ TAg

CHEMICAL EGUILIBRIUM.
Whad a
temDgenea eqPb Fum 2
Homeaeneeu
The eqlfbrfum
reaiiem? ute tus

producs
Preducis are nuwhfh the weadaria and
te be fnSame phsfeal
physftal 9tate
State 8Safd
& ofd
hemegeneas equfbrtum
Ha Ta
Na +3Ha QNH3.

hlhat & tleteroqen eA

Hetergeneeu react fem? equbrYum! wrte tub
he
eqSLRum n ohfh the «ealarilh and
produt are n deereñl phyital 9Hodes
+ebe heteroqeneaus equfLPb*um SaRd
CoCB CoD+ Coa
NH HS NH3Ha9
Delfne eq£librfum tomtant
At a
fven tem pexatiu, the rafe eh pradud e
eqaPbrium
eqLbum oncentratiem apraduis to the produd
eeqRbrfum en cenlva +fem ' eattièr readat
Called etbrum tomtantKe
T r t e the velatten betuseen
kp and ke?
kp ke(RT)an
An
n .emoles gaseas produda -nÐ.0
moles egaseaus readans.
R Universal qas tonslail
T Albsalt tempexaliu
5 GfRve tuue chemfeal eqifbKum readem or Lshth
kp>ke?
kp Ke Rrjan
) 9NH3 Na+3a
An np- nr -3+1)-2
kp ke (RT)?
.kpke
S0a +Oa
An - n p nR o + ) -2 -

kp keRT)'
p Ke
6 GRe tuÐ dhemfLal eqPbrtum eoctens or ohih
kp kc?
E) Na+ 3tt2 2NHA3
An np -nR 2-+3) -2

kp Ke/RT)-2
. kp ke

SOqOa sO3
An np nR t 4 a ) - -

kp: ke RT*

.kpKe.
State the l a emam aden.
A*any Emtant the rate
ea hemfcal reatten,
0t a qfenemperatres i
dfretly
4e the Produd h e adtve mames proportièna
a he
molor Cen Centalens ethe readonls
at hal
fntanl
let us
losider a
qeneral veverstble yeaden
XB produds

rate k lnay

Ac10S BaSES.
haf meoil bfenfe produd e nater?
Pt a qiven
tempevatu the produd ethe molar
Cen Centraten a * and et dens n uater
nn an
any 09eA salilens alled Sonfe
pradud a a cater.
K

2What & the value e, kiw ? dal What au ut unis

At 5c denfc producl ehlater,
K x 1Ol4 mote/182
Untt mole|J t .

Wha s the
elhed e+emperatuve on ene pradu

the Hemperalure ncreases the degvee e

fonfsaten eoater n ereases Se the Senfc
Aodud e ater ncreases.
4 -AUl bromted bames ore leusis bose. Explafn
Brosted base means proten a.cepte9r and Le9
bose m eam eledben
dener. poin
Se Bronsted base, +e aceepta proten must
derate eledben poi.tence all bronsted toes
are leuls baaes

Ex NH3 H20.
Gve t u estam ples eSalt ohAAe a9eaus
Selites are basfc.
he 9ueAus dalilbm e Salts e ong tane
and uweak, acd are bife due +6 anfenfe
huobraly
Ex CHg CoONa , NaaCO3 kCN

Give tuub examples Salts ohose ayesus

agyeBus
Salitien are aafdfe?
The aqseBA selutien a a l t s etrong aid
and
and eak base ave alfe due te cotfenfe
kydbealse.
Ex

h a t 8 the pt e 8 Hd?
er) qfven adeSduttom la than on egual|
to to M , then uoe have to tonAfder the )YoM
ater alse.
Total ") = t68M + M
rom H , hWate

-ogt) -log(t Y6)

 -lg -7 to 62)
-o.0-7*i
-6.6
6.96.
3Cnlulate the p el to SM NaoH.
oH e gfven basfe Sollen &la than ev
eqal
to 'M , then uoe have te temider the loH) hrom
water ase.
Total (oH =
i6*m 4 t6'm (1 O.05m BaloH)
rOm Na0H , hlater
(OH)= O.oS 2m
OH . lxis"m O.1
pOH-leg lot) Aogrn)
- lagtI*io") -Iogcio
leg L-7 legto) iuy
10)
-[o.o4-7xTx1 x1

--6.6 p14-l13
6.96
p" 4-6.96 -7.04
The 9alubilHy produl e fget & t.6 xlomol
What & Selubilt?
fad s AB type eeledrolte pH o.0)mt

ksp S P-oy CH)

t.6xo - $2
9 (ly 10)
S t.6xt6 -t.065 lo moles Ltre. y1 2
ph2
10he Salubfts produal of zr{oH). .5 *i6"mol
Whad& Souk ?
Z lo E ABa type aeledro te.
(G3)
ksp - 493
4s° . 5 x T

l.7x to8

S:u.7x 8
S . 0 4 xio° M11.

XHyDROZEN AND ITs CoMPOUNDS.

D¬xplain he term SYN GAS".
Amiture eCo and Ha e Called uoter gos
&wed o the Sthes amethansl and
and
a Qumber etdbbatbem .Hence &alle
thess gas e Synge
O+9ta Coba
Codalt Ct30H

What & meanl by Ceal

gpco1en? -erplain wrh
elevan , balanced eguaten?
The proces eprodutng SYNGAS by n toal
& alled
att
a tok
temperature teal gasfcotien
C+HoO O Co +H
3What de yau menn yaule protelp ? GRve
the equatiën -to represer. the
audprotolys o
ater

The sell-fenising propet 6 l u å Called aute

-protal% . în +h8 water undergOA sel fonsatbn
4o herm tig0+ and Ot fons as
jotldua
 Afd Base
tonfugate (onfugate
acto case
HaO has a
kfgher botEng point han that
GAve reayen? eHas.
On the basi amolezular ma
al tta0 Tt
pafnt
.

botlhg
enpected to be teuoex than thal
e taS.
+Heusever, due to ther ele~tonegotfuty elo, the
magnitude
ehydegen bondfng tao b e gte
appreabte . Hence bclEng pofnt e tao l be
hfaher than tha a S.

XS-BLOCK ELeMENTS
ALKALL METALS.
D t e lompletely the eleiivonfc
and Rb? lonlfquadttn el k
Potasfum (k)- 19.

Rubldfum IRb31

3h
Why u alkal?
n nature?
metals nat leund n the ree Stade

AlKale metals ave larqe fn Se and eatl loose

eleckons. heralere they are hfahly Teadive ard
nat aund n ree Stote nature2.

3|Potasium Corbonate Cannat be prepared

prepaved by
b
Soluoru proces.Why?
The Solvary protes Con nai be extended er the
maa.dure e katOg betause KHCO U more
Seluble n oter.
Dostbe the
tmpertarnl uses
a a t Sedo (NabH)?
uedused fn Petroleum selfnfng
mixures putodn
manuatur2 Seap. per ad feal
SRLK, and a mber
a themfcalas tex+tle frdust
mexceAing tatien abres
Desube he
mportante uses
e Sedfum Cobenate
Naa o)? Sedium (oberate
e d n manuoduing a glas, 9p, b
and (oustc
Sedo, pape, pafnta,
land es and texdfle trdutrle;
sotenng afer .

6 GRve an tubb wse e each : Sadfum, JSthfum

Ahun. metal used to make alleys.
thfum metal wed n thermo nutlear readiens.
used to make
electro themfcal cella.
e s e Sediun
Sedium metal used
Ond Pb to make Na
alleys needed + make TEL hes a
O aatfkna1k
.

se
ge te petal.
fid Na meal & med a» a lalant in
breeder nuelear xeaiaA
oal

3What & Oxfdatfbn tate el n koa?

he Super Oxde Spefes s represented a 0, Sncel|
Cem peund neutval , the oxdaiem gtote
e
potbsfum b 1.
8 Why &oa para magnetie?
he
he
Super xfde O ö
poramagnettc becawe
eene
ene unpaied elezben rap mo fecudar erbftal,

XS-BLock ELEMENTS
ALKALINE E»kTH MeTALS
ha aro the tharader?s+fe telaws fmparted
by IA elemenls ?
he electron4 fnBexullfum and magneskum a r e
Hes
rong
Atrongly
ttence these elemens
baund +0 qd erted by lame.
de nat fmpad any lalau
te
theame. Due + lage aOmfc Sfze Ca, Sr,
Ba echhiE Calew.
o byftk red
Sr CGmsen red
Ba apple green
2Wha happes ushen magoesfum bu tn a ?
Magnesfum mere elebe
postfve and buwm
fth danglhg biliance n a te
ofve Mp
and Mgada
Mg+Oa> 2mao.
3mg+la MgsNa
S)Why 6 qypsum added te cemenl ?
he ppsse eaddna
ypsumte the temeñl &
+e Sleus dauun the
aSettng e the
preces
Cemen Se that åt gel Sukend havdened,
esofbe the
mportant wes a gufuk ne? (67
t & wed n.
putastEn al Sugar
>
manua curfng a dye Stula.
manuladwng eNaadeg hrom Na8H
> an tm
portart mater al er
eCeme manulactuiq
auo theStrudtures a Ej Becdat),
Bela(s
vapauvapaut phase Beda exfsts aa a dimer
d-Be Be-d
Selfd State Becda has thafn
a
ructure.

6Desoabe fmportance plaster

coxis e
The largel use
aplaster pai &m th
bifldfnq ndutry a» e l as
platers.
u e d lax fndus îmmablaing the aherted
po a gon ohere there i a bene rature
x)gprain Caloy h0. plakBev d palre.
yplnm.
a o u 2 Hho
Whfth a the alkaline eah metal (nbendtes B
hexmally the mAAt Stable ? Why?.
Among-Akalfhe eadh metals (orbenates Ba (®3
thermally most Stable. Reaon s GEze ah ea
more than other alkalfne earth metal cottem.
Catfenfe Sie ncr eases thermal tabflty
As the

also tncrases.So Bato3 & thermally more Stable .

 XP- BLOCK ELeMENTS 6
DWhy does BPa behave
BeReNN Farty
as a leus afd
BP a
eletron delfet moleule.frOund
a

h BFs here e enly 6 eledrons t

ha the
tendena te accept An eletben poi
ACCArdfg leusthee, eletrem pair accepte
e le afda. Hence 3F3 oehave as
leus
acfd.
9 boric arid a
protfe ad 9Explain.
Proten denar a protfe afd. orfe afd &
nat a protc atfd . But dt act as a leui a u

boccepthg an electvon pairom a hdvoxul

en
8loHt 9M,o OH) H03 0

h a l happena ohen borfc afd a heated?

Borfc auid lhen heated abeve 91ok
jerm meta
bov aufd. he en heatfng lerms borfe oxfdHe

+Hg003 -Ha0
310F HBD edhot BaOg
red hot Ba0q
A

Bove metabore borfc

acd Ocfd anhydride.
5xplafn fnerl pa ethea ?
he
the eluttañl al nS o
.
al

nfn bond hoTmatfon & Called fne paf ehed.

electron to take pa-t|

eg în q a -3 ehebits ti oxldaton fnstead o

*3 0xdafdn State due to nerT par eed.

' p b " 7 PLS

6Gve he lormula ah borarne .
lhat ds Commên
name?
The ermula a bexagîne 8agH
Ttemmen name i
n Organie benzerne
H
H H
because it & tostructure sith t
H
begene Keva aidt h 1s S

GRve the
omula.e e
a) ovax B telemarfte.
fov mula eBesa b Na
B0q .lota0
fovmulaa a(olemante Ca B 5HO.
8 Give tue ues a aluminiun?
A ued tn packng
Al wed n uteml makfng.
A &sed n hapfng a pfpes, tubes, ufre,ete

X GAReON FAMILY.
GRve the
Hubrfdfzatfen a(oben n
Co dRomend ) qaphfte l fullerened.
7n co Corben atem
undeigaa) Sp hubrfdsatfer
Oamend Cauben atem
undergacs Sp hyba
3h Graphfte Couben aiem
undergees Sp hubrdlSatfan
n ullerenee Catem hon Sp hybridiatfBn .

hat &
producer gas
Amfx-ture a Co and Na talled producer
3 Wlhy & e pafsenaus?
C ga hghly pets®naus becawe dt hasthe
alofty + jerm a Stable templex wth haemogla

-bn , .e (obexy haeme alabîn

Carbexy haemalabfn 900 tmes mere Stable
han Ox haemDglabfn
his prevenls Hoemeqglabin n the red bleed
Cepscles rom Cob exHgen avound he bedy
Ond reault n deoth.

lhat & allotvopy?

Ihe phenomenen a existence a an elemeil
dRHere phyiial orms hauîng Solar chemfcal
Propevlfes Colled allotro
Cyslalline allotrope olanben ave
Ofamand, Graphete
He dees qva phte undfen as a ubvicol?
Graphfte han laered Atxudwe hh he
d e LaeA e held teq ether by oeak
Vander waals erces and hence
be made to ton
SEp over ene anether. Thevelore graphfte ads a
a Lub cañ .

Graphte a geed tenduitor. Explafn?

nGraphte , each Cax ben sp haybrfded and
each Caxben hree
jevms Cevalen benda orth ether
theee Carbem ates, te erm hexagenal vnqs.
ine d h eledan
The
presenl ån pue P- ovbtal
ree and hence,qraphte & a Qsed Lonductor
eledvi&y.
l h a t & snthes& gas?
he mxture e co and ta knâun as Lnter gas er
S thea gas & ued n the
preparatfen a
methanal and Several hdvedarbem
8 fve he wse e Coa n
phetesntheaa?
Phatoynthes the process by okfch
qreen plant
Cenuerl atmospheie to fnte labehdbuates Such
a
lutose n preAence
Sunlht
hu
6 chlorophy!l6 s * 60 + o .

lhal are seIfCenes?

SRif cones are the ergono ALLfLen
palymers lentanng
Ra Ste repeatng unA. bese are Srthetfe tempurds )
Contafntng S-0-SE lnkage.
oGve he ses a SfLoney ?
hthe prepara-tfon a sELene rubb era , - f sealarl
reasen, eledrfcal mulatorg, fn SgRtol , (oametA,
o preave der prco tabrfes,etc.
Wte the use a 2Sm -sgealfte Sefon Mabile-5)
ZSM-S ä ne ype e zealte .. 8 used te onverl
alshas diredly fato
alfne.
13 hat b the e
aQu e
Salfd tO Called a dy fce . t & sed a

e aeran er rozen eed and fee cream

13eu atex qa prepared
A mirture ard Ha &
e co talled oter gas.
prepaxed by pamthg Ateam over red hot ceke.
C+Ha0 H734273K (otHa
He i
producer qo prepored?
Pradu Cer gas preaed y pomfng a over wed hat
Coke 2C+ Oa + 4Na 1273 R 9 to + HNa
5 S F b konun lhele sed nat. -¬xplafn? (12 ( )
SPl n a t betause set
2
has Snal
tH has Srno
GRF& Knan shele
accemedate Sfx large chlorfde fom,
gae.So,it Coanat
lene paBs al d fen and set*
he nteractbn between
nat veny Strong
T