Sanika S Jadhay

F.E Engineering Roll No-18. Diy-C

Basic Elecbrical Ergineeirq UTD No- A20TT11993
Paqe.1

AS5TGNMENT 3
Explain hous allernabinq vollage is qenevaled ?

An Allernabinq VolFaqe oan be qenerabed either

A
rotating a coil in stabonary mognehc Pield
Or a vobabng maqnebc Reld in a
Stabienary Coil. n both heCoses, he naqnehc
ConduCtors or coil and a n enmF
Aeld is cut thee
is incduced in Hhe coil ccovdi ng bo Foradays
of eic induchon.
Law electvomac
Concider a Rectaneqular Coil of N Turns oF area Am
and rotebirq in Anhi-clockuoise direchion wih anqular
veloc h of C raduans per Second in a uniForm

moqnehc Reld.
rodg

co.rod/s

y N Cal

cos ot

Camlin
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Cuthnq the Coil

Let pm be bhe max inmum Flux

Hhe XX Oxis.
Lwhen ibS axis Coincides Lith
cwt at
The Coil otates hroua a aana
ale
instat E
n
At Ehis instant h e Flux linking hth he CoilS
m CoS o E

Law of
AcCorcung to Farada
Lnduction,
Electromagneic
e= N do
dt

-N d Co cOSwE)

e N Pro o.sinwt
or EEm Sin wt e

here, Erm N Om
= maximum value oF induced e m . F

Em
20

swt

-Er
Sinusoida lave Form

lhen ot=O Sinot=O e =O

lhen sin = 1 e - Em
TE Hhe induced em s plotted
aqainst Eime,
sinusOIdad CaveForm S
obtained

Camlin
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a h a t are RMS and ANeraqe Val ues in AC Quanhhes ?

RMS or EPRecbve Volue of alkernaine CurrenE

Ars
is dePined as bhat Nalue oF steady current
Cdrect Current) ohich ail do the Same
amount oP
lok n Hhe Samee &ime O r u o w d produce h e

Same hecOting ePPect as uohen he alterna tina

Curreeht 1S
pplied For the Same Hme

RMS Value of Alerna1ng Crrent is given by,

2

TmS + m

Lms= Mean Nalue oF G

The Averaqe VaJue of an Alernathnq quonh i s deined

as e ArihmehC mean of adl Hhe values over One

ComplereCycle.

I n Case of a symmetrical al lenating wave Form

Cuhether sinugoida or Non-Sinusoidal) h e averaqe

Vadue Over complee Cycleis zero. Hence, inSuch

Case, hee average vdUe 1S obtauned ver haaF

he Cycle
e Averaqe Nolue of Hhe Currenb is even b

Tavg'+ia+

and RMS Value.

Averaqe Value
Fowq FChdt fmS
FCDa

Camlin
 Paqe 4
Poge
Dote:

3 xplain Hhe lerm PhaGe and Fouer Fachor

Ans OThe PhoGe of on Allernabing a n h y 1 e
t h e f i m e H h o t hos clopoed ince he quonhh

hos lost padoed hreugh zero point o f reerence

T is deßnec ashe Co@ine of Ehe anqle
behween he and Current phasorS
veltaqe
Pouler Fockor cos 9
ess f

9a l hat is bhe meaning of Resonance in eries irCuit

Ans A Crcuit containing reactance i sud bo b e

in resonance iP he
voltaae a crose he circuit
1S in phase coith Hhe Current hrough ib
At resonance Hhe Cireu Hhus behaves as O pue

resisbo and he ne r e acraance S Zero

Conider Hhe Series R-L-C

h e im pedance of he cir Cub is

Z-R+XL]Xc wwsm
R+joljoc
R+jaL GoC

V=Yensincot
A+reconance, 2 must be resisve
Therefore, he condi bi on of Resonance is
coL- O
CuC

JLC
F-Fo
ax JLe
lhere, Fo is he vesonanb requency oF the civcuit
C a m i n
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Colcuate he impedane oF Hhe Circuit

3 4-52
AWA.

Ars

Ful Rect Fed Wave is a t 70.O77 sF ibs Maximum

Q clipped
Naue. Find i ts Averaqe and RMS Value

Ans (

Nm
O.707Nm

37 7

O40 < V4
So v = Vn.Sin
O.707 Vm
= Vm-Sin 3 O<

Camlin
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Averaqe value of the laveForro

Navq vtorde
Ka
SinG.do+ 0707 m de

VSinG de
V4
3794
cos o.0[o
+cose
Vm (o.293+ 1-11+o.293)

Navq- O.54 Vm.

i ) Yms vaue of Hhe ave Form

Vems e ) -de
37Y4
vste ao+TV4f Co707V.ae
+
Sin G de
- Sin2 O.4998 e
4

-Sin a0
4

= o.3141V
VmS = O. 548 Vm

Camlin
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.1 Tuoo voltaqe Source have equa emFs and phase

duerence . hen hey a r e Connected in series
Hhe voltage i s 200V. b e n one Source iS reversed
Hhe volteqe iSS od Hheir embs and phase angle
ELO
Are
Ea =E x
E Ea =E
Ea

T80-X

E
hen tuwo Souraes are conneced in Series (

E EE+25E2 Cos 20o

E+E+2Ecos =20O
2E+26 cosX =2oe 40oOO OD
hen one Soure 1S Rever

E E 2E,E cosox 1 5 d
E E 2 E cos 15
2E-2E Cos x = 225

Adding eq O and
4E= 40225
E 1OoS6.25 7 (v
E = 1Oo. 2 8 V

2E+ 2E cos = 400OO

2012-5+20112- 5 cos = OOOC

Cos K = O. 998

8.58°

Camlin
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Coil having Neqliqible Resistance

ResiSta nee
8 An Induchve
O.1 Henry induchance S Connected
and Hei
5o Hz Supply-Hnd )Induchve
a200V,
a CroSs
Fms value of current 11) poer
Reactance i1)
IN)pouwer Factor
L= O.1 H
Ars
N= 2OOv

F 50 Hz
i)Tnduchve Reactance
XL 2x FL

27x 50xo.I
KL = 31. 4 2

11) rms value of CurrenE

I = 200 6.37A
31.42

Tms- 6.37A
) Power
Since he current lags behind He volkage yS
in Purely inducHve circuit 90
P= VI cos

=200 x6 37X cos (9O)

= O

iv) PowerFactor
p t : Cos o

Cos (90)
pf O
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A Coilconnecked acressa 25Ov 5o Hz suPply akes

currenE oP 1O A at o 8 laqqinq power Factor. h a t

uoTl be he pouer Faken by he choke coil hen

conneced across C 200N 25 Hz Supply

Ans V=25ov
F 5o Hz
R XL
I=1OA
Awvh
IOA
pF .8 Clagging)
25ov, 5OHz

Fa 25 Hz
Here
XL= 15-2

XL= 2 F L
15 2 7 x 50x L

L O.0477H

Pouer baken by he Gel choke co when Connected

200y, 50 Hz
CCroSS
suPp
XL 27T F2L
277x 2 5 x o.O477
= 7.49

Z R+XLa
20+7.49
=21 B62 20.53
Za 21 3 6 -
2o. 53
T=Va 200 =9.36A
Z 21 36

P VaT cos
200 x 9.36 x 20- 52 coS (20.53)

P = - 753 kN
Faken Hhe choke coil is 1-753 k
The Touwe

Camlin
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QoA CapaGtor ofF 35 UnFis connecked in series

coith a Nariable resistor. A Circuit is conneched aoss
So Hz. Find he vaue o Resicbor For the
condibion
sohen Hhe votaqe acress Capacitor iS the bauf
Hhe Supply volhaqe
Aps C 35 UF
F-SoH

2xFC 2Xx 5Ox 35 xio

Xe = 9o.946 2

XeI zI

Z 2 Xc

Z R+XE
(2x) R+ xE
R= 3xe
= 3x (90.46)

R 24813.95
R= I57.5 n
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1 A pure R, a choKe col anc Pure vesistor of 15.91 UF

Cre Conne c e d i n
Series acrosS he SuPp
Noltaqe 230 v ahcl Carries he Current O.25 A
Noltage acroSS choke Coil 1S
40y, Voltoqe across
Capacior
is SOv, voltaqe acrosS reSistor 1S 20Y Voltaqe acOsS
Combinabion oF R and choke coil is 45 Calcuuate supply
Noltaqe, hequenCY, pouoer losS in choke coil.
C I5 9 1 UF
Ars
I O. 25 A

Vcoil 4ov
Vc = 5oV

R 2oy
VR-coil = 45

15
DSuPply Valtaqe
R= VR 2 0 = 80
L O 25

Zcoil= Vcoil=4o = 6O
O.25

20
Xe= V =5o =20oO
O.25

ZR-coil = R-coil 45 =180

O.25

Zcoil x = 16OD

+ 2560O

ZR-Coi (R+ +XL

ZR-coil =(R+)+XL
180 (8o+ +X
(B0+)+XL = 324OO

Camlin
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Subtraching Eq O From Eq
(80+v- 6800
6400+6Orr 68o0

r 25

Subsbubra Hhe Value oP r

EqO
C2-5+ xi = 2S6oo
25593.75
XL 59.98 A
R++X X
B0+2.5+159.q8-200
82.5 - 4 0 . 0 2
Z =
169 2- 25. 88
V = ZI

=91-69 x o- 25
=22.92v
FrequeneuH
Xc=
20 2AFC
2 O0

277 Fx 15.91x iO
F = S0-02 Hz
i1) Pouwer loSS in he choke coil
Peeil= I
Co.25)x2-5
Pceil O.156W
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42 A Coil oF 2 ohm esistance and o.ol H.

Lnductance are Connecked in SeriesS oIh Capac tor

acrosS 200V What mus beHe capadtance

Order Hhat maximum Cuurrent Occurs aE

requency oF 50 Hz. Fnd alsoHhe Curret and

Noltagae a crosS Capac tor

Aps R=2
L O.ol H
V =20ov
Fo 5o Hz

iCopodbance
Fo
27JLC
50=

2rJo.olxc
C 1ol3:2uF

ii)Current
200 = IOOA

in) Vol taqe a eross Copacitor

Vco To Xco

2x FC

= 1OOx

27 x 5Oxio13.2xlo

V 3144.16 V

Camlin