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OSAW II
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11

l~HE ORIENTAL SCIENCE APPARATUS WORKSHOPS

,
. ,
76, HSIDC, INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, AMBALA CANTT-1330
01, HARYANA (INDIA)

Phone No. - 09466851455, 07206331769

 Ex12eriment :- To detennine the coupling co-effident of piezoelect
ric crystal
Eguip1nent used •. -
l . Piezoelectric crystal, five no. crYst81 of standaTd value mounted inside
a b~x
2. Resistance box 10- 100 ohtn '° .,
3. Inductance Box 10- I 00 ml-I
4. Capacitance Box 1nF- l Onf
•
5. AC Volttneter 0-10 V
6. AC Current Meter 0-5 mA
7. Frequency Source I Hz- 3 MHz

Fonnula Used:- Coµpling coefficient Kc= 1/Q

%~e· Q= 1/Rv l/C
.,. Hz

Series Resonance Frequency fs - l/2rr{fc Hz

Parallel Resonance Frequency fp Hz

Where = Ind6c~ance in Henery

C = Capacitance in farad
 R = Resistance in ohtn

Ct• C x Cm
C+Cm
,.
~r ,
Cm= capacitance. of piezoelectnc c1:7stal .
(measured Value with the qapacitJlllce tneter)
..

~)uality Factor :
Q = f§l fp- fs
-~
Where fs is. the series resonance frequency and
. fp is the Anti- resonance
f'requency

'fh_corv:- A quartz crystal exhibit the prop t.._

erty that when mechanical stress is
applied across the face of the crystal , a diff
erence of potential develop across
opposite face of the crystal . Th:is property
of crystal called piezoelectric effect.
Sin1illarly if a voltage applied across one set
of faces of crystal causes mechanical
distortion in the crystal shape.
\Vhen ulternative voltage is applied to crys
tal, n1ec~anical vibration are setup.
•These vibration having a natural reso
nant frequency dependent on the crys tal.

Although crystal has electro mechanical resonance, we

can represent the crystal
action by an equivalent electrical resonant
circuit as shown in fig. 1. The inductor
L and capacitor C electrical equivalent of the
cryst_al mass and compliances. While
. n~sis lance R is electrical equivalent of the
crystal structure is internal friction .The
shu nt capacitance Cm shows the
capacitance due to mechanical mounting of .pie
crystal. Because the crystal losses represen
ted by Rl is sn:iall , the equivalent
crystnl Q (Quality factor) is high typicall
y 20000 values of Q uptol06 can be
achteved by using crystal.
 Series and Parallel Resonance :- crystal as represented by equivalent electrical
circuit can have two resonant frequencies.
• One resonant condition occ~e ~hen tbe reac~ance of the series RLC leg are
equal (and opposite). For thi$'°the senes resonant tmpedence is very lo~ (equaJ to
R). .
..
l - ' l

.J The other resonant condision occur~ at 8 higher frequency when the reactance of
the series resonant leg equal the_r~~ctlve of the reativ~ of the. capaoitor Cm. thi9 i~ ·a
P~allel or anti resonance condisition fo the crystal. ·At this· frequency th~ crystal
? ff er very high i1npedenc~ to the external circuit. The graph between curren.t (I) or
1n1pedance (Z) are shown 1n figure 2.

Circuit Diagram
.
Ammeter (0-SmA,)·
'

L
voltmeter
Frequency Source 0-lOV)
(1Hz-2MHz) C

1Jl(()CEDURE :-
1. Make the connection~ according to diagram as sh9wn in fig 1
2. Co1u1ect the Resistance box, Capacitance box, Inductance box in series an~
connect this RLC series circuit with parallel to piezoelectric crystal box with the
!il'lp of connectipg leads as shown in the fig. · .
.) . Connect the. frequency source parallel to voltmeter and current meter 111 the
series with the circuit.
--

4 . N ow se Iect th e value of R L• C d piezoelectric crystal with the help of band

an
switch.
5. Switch on the frequency source and set .the voltage
(Amplitude) with th~ ~elp of
potentiometer as given on we front panel on the freq
uency source read 1t in the
voltmeter 0-1 OV. ,--, ·" .
6. Now start to increase freq~enc~ from lHz , ~e will •
see that current also start
increase in the ammeter at partI~,ul~ fi;equency.
7. Initially current will increase with frequency but at a part
icular frequency
current start to decrease. The freq. at which current
start to decrease is
called series resonant frequency at this stage current
will.be maximum but
impedance will be low. So circuit will work as a serie
s resonant circuit.
8. Now Ifw e are increasing the frequency continuously
current will ·
decreasing. Again at.a
parti?ular frequency (Higher frequency) current will .
start increase. TI1is is called anti resonant condition
and frequency is called
anti resonant frequency. This circuit behaves as a para
9. Note the value of R L C piezoelectric
llel r~sonant circuit.
crystal, voltage and current from the
circuit.
l 0. Fina lly plot the graph between thtfr
equency and current or impedance Z.
I l. Note the F 1 and F2 from the graph and calculate.
the coupling co efficient
with the help of fom1ula ·and compare it with theoretic
al value. •
Tab le no. 1 :
'S. no. Frequency(Hz) Current (I) mA Impedence Z = VII ( n )
-
I
2
")
.)

I
5

to(

b
--

Table no. 2 :
Capacitu'- 1ce of piez
oelectric cry sta1mea..
XT AL Frequ -
ency (Mllz).4" ·"
sured by the capacita
nce meter
Capacitance (pF) of .
Crystal :
1.843
3.276
.
,, ' 4 10.7
4.096 11.2
4.433 12.3
6.021 13.5
8.0 14.5
11.059 15.0
•12.9
Ca lcu la tions :
I

Plot the graph be

t\\1een frequency antl
impedence Z
Value of coupling co
efficient Kc=( fp -
fs) / fs
From the graph th
eTheoretical value
of coupling coeffici
ent Kc = 1/Q
fs = series resonanc .l.

e frequency
tr = anti-resonance
frequency
Sample Graph:
z

0
•f s
fp Fr eq ue nc y

--
 7

f
Observations:
-
RSelect
== ........ value ofR LC and crystal with Jhe help of band:SWitch
the ohm . -.

L == •••••• mH == ..........H .,

C == • •• nf== ..........F

Xtal = ... ... M1--Jz

V-=== ............... Volt

Q-1
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