LiceBending

Metals
Non Metals
are oxidized losing e of
are reduced gain é

You cart rename inns as molecules

On formula unit is used to indicate that ions are involved in lattice structure

ff.FI rule applied to elements tend to lose gain electrons

in order to get noble gas form

Melting Point bondstrength 9 M PM smaller

radius greaterbadstroy

Volatilityvaporization electrostatic
forge of f Volatilind

Electrical Conductivity
solid notations
Solubility ions dissolve in polo solutents water not in nonpoler solutents hexane
 I loss dssolve n i tabla I an pler I a es e

Lewis Dot Struct

ex

KP K 218181

L K P 3kt É
K
K

Covalent B
It is formed by the electrostatic attraction between a shared pair
of electrons and the positively charged nuclei

Lewis Electron Dot structure

Each element is surrounded by a

group of dots which represents the value
of the element

ex Fa Oz N HF

Fz
GF 2 7
of É 6 non bonding pair é re
gf 2 7
bontdingpaiT 6 lane pairs
of electrons
É
 pair Ze

Covalent Bond Strength

5 s
Bend Bondenthalpy at298k covalentbadlength pm
C 839 120
EC 614 234
C E 346 154

mo M 1.8 2 ionic
dipole moment non polo Saga
OC x1 8 polo
polar different atoms
Mtf O nonpolar

electron domain

Electra Domain electron density

Bonding electron Domain Non Bondingelectron

Domain
bonding e pairs is non bonding e pairs

HIII did
3 b e d
na
Fein In b é domain
 4 electron domain O O
Telectodomain

Rules to draw the molecular structures

according to the VSEPR theory

1 Calculate the total of valence electrons

anime add the oxidation number to the

2 If there is a charged particle é number
valence
cation t remove the oxidation numberfrom
valence e number

3 Divide the number calculated from 1 and 2 by 2 to identify the number of

electron domains

4 Place the atom with more bonds at the centre

5 Distribute the electron domains around the centre atom by usingUSEPR theory
LP LP LP BP BP BP

electrondomain
vaCoxidqd.am

Mdg of bands e.ms 3 bed trigonal planar 1209

gye.d p e.g ga ppm
2 Volpe 104.59
liner 1800
 NH
ex
NH
A 1st2 2p3V.E 5
total value of v e 5 1 3
UE y
E ked

3 bonding
then bandits

tetrahedral

is
y y bond ogle 109.50

107 30

NHI ion N7 Hin

total of ve 5 41 9 1 8é 4dom
tetrahedral

tr domain geometry
Iit
ed.ge trahedn

ingetetrahedret molecule geometry

bondangle 109.50

MEEEEE
i
HI't AXE
 2 C Hit
Had molecule 806 bonding
2
72non bonding
total of 7 21 16 he e d
ve
821 d
tetrahedral

H in e dy tetrahedral

mg V shape bert

1
s
1914.5.10

33
BH GB H

total of the v e 3 31 622 3pair

t t
all of em is bonding pair 3
B
H H e d g trigonal planar
gi trigonal planar
AX bond angle 1200
I
 4 Beltz Be H

2 12
v e
É
the bondingelectron
pairs

H Be H
It
e g linear

55 CO2 f 80
ve 4 26 121 8pair

C É e d 2
line
m.d.ge linear
bond angle 180 A Xz

CF É pjtt

t.ve 4 4 7 32
2 16pairs
É
e dg tetrahedral

y f y
if
mg tetrahedral
b a 109.5
E p

Axe
 7 438 H 8
3 bed
total ve 3 1 97 4
8,2 Inbed
e d g tetrahedral

M dg trigonal pyramidal

4 14 bondangle 109.50

ARE Short had

notation

88 SO 41.80 9
total v e 6 6 21
1 9 pair É get
AX Acc to

i.I s.IE
center atom
eopair

s spain
it span r

e d 3
e d g trigonal planar 1200

mg V shaped bent

bardenglect2P
 9 03 80

t v é 3 6
o
14 9 e d
O o

E NO AX
representation since
thereare no two diff
ate

10 Catty C C H

t.ve 42 1 4
Ive 6pain

ti

I c
I
H e
M g
e d
dg
3
trigonalplanar

b angle 1200

11 CO C C
80
t.ve 4 63 2 2
4 12 pair
2
C
É 0 e
e d 3
d g trigonal plaer
Mg 11

ba 7200
 122 NO GN 80
t 5 1361 1
v e
2241 12 pair

it
e d s
e dg trigono planar
M g
b angle 7200
AX

13 NO

t.ve 5 12 61 1 78 e g pair

ed 3

I
e dg trigonal planer
m.ge v shaped belt
ba c 120
14 CIO act 0

7 14 61 1
321
ve
16 pair

ed tetrahedral
Cl J
mg Ax
Q yn
O

155 505 4.5.01

f v é 6 13 61 2 26 113 pair
2
2

e.d 4
texrabo.
trigonal M.g
if to b at 709.50
pyramidal

166
SE ios gf
t.v.es 6 4.71
221 10pair

ed 4
g e d gitetrahydral

É mg v shaped
ba 109.5
 17 SO 4.5.801

v é 6 64 2 32 26 v e

ed 4
O e dig tetrahedral
11
Meg
b an 109.5

188 NH CAN H

t v.é 5 31
8z L pair

edit

H Yin Mig
e dg tetrahedral

trigonal pyramid
b a 21.09.50

19 NHI H
t.v.es 5 12 1 7 1 8
52 4 pair

if d 4
e

H e d g tetrahedral
H
ng v shape
b a 109.50
Summary

tetrahedral
eletron domain geometries
x x x

I
d
linear 0 trigonal planar
A t y
A
I
X V shapebat trigonal pyramid it
x

II

IF there is no any lone pairs on the centre atom molecule is

always non poler
i
 Londerforc lt
exists in all molecules

1 Number of electrons
2 volume size of the electron cloud

3 Shapes of molecules

Greater the number of electrons the larger the distance between valence electrons and
he nucleus

more é more polarized é which attracted less bynucleus

increases LondonForcesStrength

periodable 1ft polarization

P Lfs P B P1

lager the LISP

chain go B Pa
 ge
v a
d É
London forces does occur in every single molecule

It is the only force at noble gas and apoler molecules

London forces does occur at instant polarization occurs between molecules

Factors polarized é and molecule shapelgeonemetersth

Dipole Dipole forces

exists in all polar molecules

H bonding
Metallic Bonding