basics of

3 States of matter gases

gas
solid a liquid
aretrighat has mass c'occupy space share
gffigitition
iii i c

I
iii
Tt

ya
I
liquid ga's fatties
y
definitevolume emmetapatonIineiicEhegy itiant
indefiniteshape
qq.ec
gasparticles
A COLLISIONS w each other a against wall of container
elastic likerubberbondstheybounceback
bounce off each other
gently
B PRESSURE
II E
of balloon
gas wants to escape the walls
ballon gets
flimsy w time
particles exert pressure escape
gas
love freedom
gases
C compressed a expanded
don'tlike it sad happy they lovetospredout
Effusion speed inwhich gasparticles spread
 r p sp
g i
diffusion w I smell of cake and smell of perfume
gasparticles spread
mass of the gas affects heavier move moreslowly
I lightergasparticles fast
givesidentitytothegas

gases atoms noble

gases
molecules molar mass g mole
miso
I catiinqiox.at
imitatormatter roomtemp
s
befits'Evanisnd
roomtemp
d temperature itsjust a physical temporarychase
9 Temp I temp
R K E TK E
T motion I motion movement
T collision to collision
9 pressure I pressure
what is pressure forceexerted by gas particlesagainst
the wall of containers

3ÉÉÉm g
nge

Torricelli
invisible butwe canfeel it
atmosphere
to
I y y
 p
70 nitrogen
10
ft If niliscacomm
plains 760mm
760mm
opeettifit mex beach
how do you obtain gases
bythe displacement of water
late Fessed
Unitsorpressurein
latm 760mm Hg mercury Imm torr
atm 760 Torr latin 14.7lb in
I atm 29 9in of Hg P
atm 101 325hPa 1.01325 10 spa
101325 Pa
conversions
example study check pg 293 8 2

N 20 48 psi atm
atm 14.7 psi
3,141ps IÉm
48 psi
Ifpi
X
3.27 atm
I 3 3 atm
example study check 8 8 pg 294
467mm Hg torr atm
467
Imm torr 467mm 467 tour
 467mm Hs 0.614 atm
mHg so 61 atm
GASES
NOBLE GASES He atomic gases
behave close to Me non bonded
ideal gases Ar o attraction is minimum
Kr will NOTundergo change
Xe of phase
R
DIATOMIC GASES Hz sametype of atom
behave close to N z o bonded to each other
ideal gases g attraction is minimum
Fz will NOTundergochange
Cla ofphaseeasily will remain

Bra asgases for a longertime

Iz
REAL GASES
examples a made of 2 or more particles
CO carbon monoxide electronegativity plays a role
CO2 carbon dioxide theywill undergochangeof
phase easily whentemp
044 methane
apressurechanges
Cz Hy ethane
transformation
Cs Hy propane
Cs 8 1 I

C4 H lo butane Carbon based

18 Iffy gÉÉ nitrogen basedgases

y
NH3 ammonia

802 sulfur dioxide sulfur based

IDEAL GASES
o do not exist in this earth
o
only exist mathematically
they follow all gas laws
o do not undergochange in state
D
absolute zero O k motiondoes not stop
because realgases are made out of elections
does not
orbitals
FETT 97 in spinning
D pressure n
stop
mous
GAS LAWS V volume T temp
E
Fy k
BOYLE'S LAW
V
studied Pressure Volume
maintain Temperature constant
 readings

all gases can be compressed 100mi P

V atm
4 Pressure Volume I V2 80mL Pat 1.25 atm
inverse relationship V3 60mi P 1.50 atm
V4 40mL P4 1.75 atm
P V P V2
Study check g 3
Pg 296
rearrange CH y v 45.0mL
P Pz P 1.60 atm

V when P 744mm Hg
temperature is not changing make pressure units the same

lat m 760mm Hg 744 7 0.98 atm

always write the formulas T

 P V P2 V2 find uz f
Pt t 60
V2
Pa
V2 gg 4sme

application of Boyle's law V2 73.469

in LUNS I DIAPHRAM I 73.47mL
V1 PR breathing out
V4 Pt breathing in

HARLE'S LAW P constant

VLT
change

volume
I

Mtemp
Tvolume

tempt direct
relationship

study check 8.4 pg 299

T 806 273 26 5k T2 3706 273 3109
v 486mi v me

AIR MAN
 NI R MAN

TEMPERATURE SHOULD ALWAYS BEiNKEW

a ML 7 LITERS
2730
Formula
V2
It
Y X TE VE
4 1 310
VE 569mL

GAY LUSSAC LAW

Pat w constant volume pressure regulators
co no
at mmHg

PT TT PITI
volumedoesn'tchange
direct relationship K E M motions 9
check 8 S V 15 O L
study pg 301
T 550C t 273 3 2g ok T Co
P 965 Torr
PI 850 Torr

P Pe Pi ti
t
y
 I I P
x
Taki
I I
T2 Pax
I in
Ext plug

P2 X T2
T2
T2
850
288
torr
911 ko
X
ELL
convert to co IS 910C
I 16 C
combined gas law

I v
P atm
me
mmHg
L
P T Co K
PII X
transformational algebra
Ti
Pz x Ta
study cheat 8 G Pg304
IS OL He V2 34 02
T 250C 273 298 T 350C 273 2380k
P 68s
mmHg P2 mmHg

PI Pa
FIXE
 P2 2381
68smmggyyts.CI x
34.02

P2 34 4798 7
P2 241.36
Pa 2241 mmHg
studied Van moles
AVO grado's law pit constant

Ne atomic
put atoms
cooling
baths
they all have
is different for each element
weight
but they all have the same amount of particles

thevolumekeeps changing because s shape

gases take
the
avolume of the container its impossible
cylinder etc
tube
to get exact volume its dynamic convert them to
to then measure LIQUID
exact volume ticking
now place into graduated cylinder

mole of ANY 22.4L volume

gas
 I I In
ga
molar volume
liquid
422.4 g ozz x 1023particles
Tn moles TV

study check 8.7 pg 305

02 125 total
2
8.00g 4g
K SL vz L

grams to moles usingmolarmass

convert
It I Oz 16 2
32g mole
8 00g Ex 12 0902
37
X N2
ve V2
If X 37

V2 7 SO l of 02

STO
TEMP 2730 K 00C
pressure 760mm Hg atm
mole I mole
volume 22.4L 18km
 ideal gas PV nrt

P latm R 0.082064 athmolek

P mmHg R 62.4mm Hg mole k
moles moles via molar mass
n grams X L
Liters me 1,000
T ok co t 273 KO
example study check 8.6
vision
T 2 so c e choangentenmp
s
e
P 685mm Hg P Find
2
IF
IT x

P 68
PII x
9,2
2312
241 36
494,514T

Avogadro's law 241mmits

I
Oz gas V S 00L Mass
8g
L mass Sgt 4g 12g

Find the moles

8g 02 1339
5
2somous of Oz n
 X mole Or
12502 375m06s of Oz
Igo ha

0 X 375 V2

how many ML 7 50L x

100011 7,500mL

IDEAL GAS LAW FORMULA PV NRT

P atm R 0.08206
You k You will have to
convert volume L
P mmHg R 62.4 enmity to ML X 1,000

n
Emmott
grams
T Co Kelvin 273

8.9 V 7 ooh n
P 865 mmHg
T 24.0 C
865mm atm R O8
1 convert it
I convert co Ko
 completed
865mm Hs x Istommitg 1

T 240 27 3 297 ok Bang conversions

t
R 0.08206 athmole K

PV n RT
1 13 atm X 7.00 L

Pf n
08206191 6 972
n 324 moles
Option mn
k64
If n
fÉIYI
326 moles

STP VALUES standard temp pressure

value of P I at m
T 273 k or O C
V 22.4L
h I mole

values

v s or
grams
i
 gra

what we know mole 22 4L

12 It
52
4 0.25 moles
S.GL Nz x fly
Of Nz

0.25 moles N2 N2 2 1 14 2
grams
28g mole
25m06s Not 2
7go

given 1.20g of CO moles

Vinyl T 80C P 724mm Hg
R 62.4L
TIIIK
IIE
CO molar mass
12 16 mole
28g
1
1 20g Co 3 8 0.0428 moles
 g Co l
28g
3 S F 3 S F

4 2814
Vin 432
4
V 1.0365
I 1.04 rounded
DALTON'S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE

Prefigure P t Pa Pst Pa antitg

mixture of gases
different masses different K E

total P
cyclopropane oxygen
P t Pe P total
73mm Hy t P a 1.09am equalize
the units
I Immity tumult
1 09 atm X 760min
I atm 828.4mm Itg

73 X 828 4
 p 755.4mm Hg
755mm
Hg

V Hz
in L

ZAI 6 HCl Zaid 3 Ha

12 8g Al
P 715mm g
Al T 190C 2920k
27g mole 273

3
12.8g x 15 425 42 711
moles of H2
PV NRT
use this Tryin
Ve
nyt formula

ve
nfv.CH j7 gu
v

12lo
18

Cheat sheet