7.

Catalytic properties

2 z0i It 2504

21 t Fe Felt t Iz
Ife't t 5208 aso
te't

Mainly d-block elements or their compounds are used as a

catalyst because

(1.) They show variable oxidation states and to form

complex.

(2.) They provides larger surface area to reactant for

reactions.

(3.) Catalysts at a solid surface involve the formation of

bonds between reactant molecules and atoms of the
surface of the catalyst. This has the effect of
concentration of the reactants at the catalyst surface
and also weakening of the bonds in the reacting
molecules(the activation energy is lowering).
8. Standard Electrode Potential :

sub
Mcs Meg Mtg

It IE
tho
Mag Mtg
DHHE n't

Standard electrode potential depends on sublimation

enthalpy, ionisation enthalpies of metals and hydration
enthalpy of metal ions.
Mt M

Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn

Max
Is Minn

Cu
T O
Malia Zn
r

Mn
Ti

At no
 Mst Mt

Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn

Minn Mark I

Co
Mn

Fe
t O
V

Eating
Ti or

At no
Q. Why is Cr²⁺ reducing and Mn³⁺ oxidising when
both have d⁴ configuration ?

AI i Colt f g3t
RA d
d4

i
it past lait
d
I
FEI FEI
Cr²⁺ is reducing as its configuration changes from d⁴
to d³, the latter having a half-filled t₂g level. On the
other hand, the change from Mn³⁺ to Mn²⁺ results in the
half-filled (d⁵) configuration which has extra stability.

As well as standard electrode potential of Mn³⁺/Mn²⁺

is much more positive (+1.57) due to much larger third
ionisation energy of Mn.

Q. Oxidising power order :

th ta

tf
1. VO₄³⁻ CrO₄²⁻ y MnO₄⁻

VOI
6 6 6
2. CrO₃ MoO₃ WO₃

on CA
O P O K Positive charge density
Some important compounds of d-block :
6
Potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇) :
Preparation :
3
Feo Cryo t NazCOz t Q

Chromite
ore I

Magro
t Coat
Feroz

to filtered
a TE
Feroz NazCroy

Na 2Nat
2119260g t at Croft
the

Fatio
NqCrz0z 2h20
crystals
NazGOf A 2kg KzCrzOy t 2 Nae
Soi Soi Soi Join

Trystation
KzCrz 7 Mace
Sor

1 Crystallisation
Kilroy Crystals

Primary standard soil

Note :

The chromates and dichromates are interconvertible in

aqueous solution depending upon pH of the solution.
Conversion of Cr³⁺ into Cr⁶⁺ :

the
Cr't t t Nacht Nazcroft
X Green tyg yellowfin
doit

Cr't Narcroft Nazis

Naftali
t

O B O J t 20h

BO t tha

Naz Got
Cr't Brat tho than
NAB

Cr't t 5205 IT Naing t 2505

Note :

Reactions and test of K₂Cr₂O₇ are already done in Salt

Analysis.
Potassium Permanganate (KMnO₄)

Preparation :
4
Mn Oz t Kot t Or Kao KNO
Pyrolasite
D
y
6
t tho ka kno
KzMug t
I

Electrolytic oxidation
Neutral orslightly
in alk medium
acidic medium and
filtered win I
Kintno

E I
Mroz KMnog
Conversion of Mn²⁺ into Mn⁷⁺ :

i Mu't t 5208 tho Mug 250

tho

Big Mno Bist

dit tant t tho

imitt Ptt
iiit Oz t zhao Mnoft Pb no

tho

innit Pby t 4 Hug

Mnof 2Pb No

Pbo Pba t tho

innttPbzO4t6Hng DMnot3PblNos t3th

Pbo.Pboo
Note :

Reactions and test of KMnO₄ are already done in Salt

Analysis.

Home work :

Complete sheet of d-block