Ideal Gas Egtn

PV n RT

D
R
Pf
V Axl
R
Ey
R F
Xxl
A nt

R
If
Work done
ht

if n 1m01
t R work done mol per kelvin
is the
per
R unit 3 Jmot K

ergmot K
Cal moi Kt

R
E
Case I In SI unit
2
D 1 013 105 Nm or Pa
3
V 22 4L 22,4 10 m3

h 1m01
T 273K

R 8.314 Jmot K
case I In Cas unit

R 8.314k lotergmot K
 Case III P Latin
22 Lil
n Imo
T 273 K

R 0.0821 Latmmot K

Case II 1cal 4.184J

R 8.314 Jmot K

R 1.987cal mot Kt

Ite Yalue of R
R 8 314J molt k
25
R Latmmot K
0.0821
t
R 1.987cal mot K Z

Kinetic Theory of Gases

I Postulates
1 All gases are made of tiny particles called as molecules they are

of similar shape and size I Assume gas molecules as point mass

27 Volume occupied molecules is

negligible as compared.to
by gas
the volume of container in which it is kept

Yg Volume of Container
Available space

I 2 2 10 8cm

23
8 3cm molecule
V2 Ti 43 Ti 2 10
 23
Vnz 3.3 10 cm molecule

23
1m01 Na Cm mo l
Na molecule 3.3 10 x

20.16cm

22.4L 22400cm
Assume if at S T P Vavailable

22400 20 16 cm
too
emptyspace
22400

99.91 empty space

3 The molecules inside the container is in random motion and

collide with each other and with the walls of the
they
container
elastic
4 These collisions are perfectly
momentum is conserved

b
5 There are no force of attraction of attraction w the

gas molecules

due to
6 The pressure exerted by the gas molecules is

its collision on the walls of the container

7 Kinetic Energy of a
gas depends
on only and only

on the absolute temperature

Derivation cubic unit cell with

l
edge length
mole L
gas
cute

2
 2d distance covered
I collision is

one collision
Change
in momentum during
2mV

time for one collision

of one

molecule of gas in X axis

diff
t
Hy
n no of gas
molecules

m mass of a gas molecules

P Pressure exerted by the gas

Y Volume of gas
 y

consider a
gas molecule

in a cubic container with

I unit
length

m mass
of a
gas
molecule

l length of the cube

c e y
n no
of gas molecules
Vic speed of the gas
U Usat Oyj t
Uzi molecule when

magnitude axis
moving in sc
Uy speed of the
gas
02 UE t
Ug t Uz molecule when

it a
gas molecule is present moving in
y
axis
in a cube then the

probability of its speed uz speed of the

gas
in all the direction can molecule when
in E axis
b expected to be same moving

02 30,5
y

A collision 21 distance covered

mug in momentum
muse Change
Pf Pil
Ea e 2m
s
Usct
 Consider al particle in Sc axis
moving
one collision with a speed
with Using

time taken
for that I collision

Kmbc
24
F
11 4
Usc

F
meld
Force exerted
by I molecule in X axis
1 collision with speed of Usc
during a

Assume U 3 Us

45 1342

F up
3 me
Force I
due to molecule
t my 0,2
Force due to n molecules

Iu t
street's 314
uituitust
the IN turn
 where N no of gas molecules present

F I E m s

wit wit Ust Un

Um 5 N

where

Ur root
mis
mean square velocity
Net force on I wall due to all molecules

F
I met viii s
P 13mF Utm.s
I l l 13 V

I mIUm_
Pr
t
m N Ur m s

2
P pressure of gas 1 Pa Nm

v Volume i e space available m3

m mass of a
gas molecule in kg if SI
N total no
of gas molecules

Ur root
m s
mean square velocity
 Pr 3 Uim's
MNsissies

where s

U Volume of gas
molecule
m a mass of a
gas
Gas molecules
N total no
of
tune
U.m.si Etug
root mean square velocity
Calculation of K E

For I molecule K E I m 6,2

t m UE t
t mus't tmw
E t mu t

K E Em
Ui't wit Ust tony n

K E
Im UIm.SN
K E Im N U
Ems
from kinetic
gas egth
Pu m Mortis
myosins
1
3 MY Urins

For Ideal
If 32
PV
gas
RTCForImol

KE
3 RT

molecule
for I mot of a
gas Na

KE 3 RT

For n mo of a
gas

KE 3 n RT
Na KE
For I molecule

III
Im
Kfa
If
KE for A molecule

T
KE
ZENA
K
where k 1 38 d a
Boltzmann's const
 From kinetic
gas theory
Ite
1 U wit Unf
Ur m s
N

Im Ur.ms
N
2 Pu
2

3 K E Im N Ur.ms

4 KE RT for I mole

5 KE
La T for a molecule

23
where
Ig 1 38 10
K

Mlaxwell's distribution Curve

iii I enact exam Gaseous state

Ig marks range no
40 marks
of students

O 10 V Low very less

É
11 20
Average max student
Li
30 Average
31 40 less
very low very
 Gas of container with
molecules same
type present in a

4 Ua Us
different speeds
Maxwell's Egth

T É 4T
If E Rt
v2

A
t.dz A u
I
FYI where Mm 44411 S
feel mm

Explanation for Tempt

I dfg fraction of particles
t t t t t t t t t t t t marks
t
I 40

Similarly
If du L Speed of
particles
du gas
Change of speed

If ul is the speed of N no
of gas molecule
IN particles
the particles lying in du speed range
Unit speed range particles
the
particles lying in
Note unit speed range
If is the no
of particles in

the no of particles in
Unitspeedrange fraction of pasties
Total no ofparticles

dI fraction of particles
 most probable speed
Ump
at
point
day 0

Me
mespeed possessed
today the max
by
fraction of
molecules

Ump se

speed
at
point
dtgÉ o

rt
d A e ay 0
do

é
af an v
Yayoi
o

A
BII
e zu o

t
A e z
0,1 o

2
VII o

2
IF
u
EI
 Jeff
Note Ump

Area Under the Curve

Area under this curve

total value of y within

A
y the curve

q yds
DC 0

the curve
Maxwell Curve Area under

fraction of molecules lie

in unit speed range

4 If A
u and 10 do

u u do

this curve
Total area
of
Total fraction of molecules

I
Note Total Area under the Maxwell distribution

curve Total fraction of molecules

1 Always

9 Find the area under the curve for Nz gook

and Oz 700 K
N2190014 700k
Oz

At
u
M u

Son Irrespective of the

type of the
gas
and at tempt total area will be
any
always I
9 Find the area under the curve for
at 700k
64gQ2

A
Sol n Area under the curve

Total value
y
Total
dah value

Total no
of particles
6342 2m01 2x Na particles
64g Oz n

at
Case I Maxwell Curve for same gases

different temperatures

Consider a gas with molar mass M at different

T Tz T Such that
Temperature

KTzCTz
Ump

Ump JT
KTzCTz
Ump Ump Ump
 ixia

I
Total area under the curve at T or Tz or

L
constant value

To maintain the curve with same total area 1

with in
increase Ump
As Curve Increase
Length of
decreases
so height of the curve

if Max fraction of molecules decreases

Case I
Curve
for different Gases at the same

temperature
Consider gases Hz 291m01 and 02132g 1m01
at 700K

Ump

Ump Em

Ha 02

Ump afm Ump Em

Hz Mm I 02 Mmt

Umpf Ump t

i
i
tie At

Ump
cos
it
 Area under the Curve

17 Area of whatever has been

any graph represent
plotted in y axis that too the total value of it

Y
IN 71
total value of y

f
Area
yax
Area of the curve

Maxwell Carve Area under the Curve

A traction of money

4
lie in the speed range
U and v du

vs

Total area
of this curve

Total
fraction of molecules

Total III
11
Note Total Area under the Maxwell distribution
curve Total Fraction of molecules
II Always

For 02 700k For Nz 900k

ti
HE M

v us

Irrespective of the
type of the gas at
any
tempt total area will be always 1

as

A If total no of
particles in the
container in
U unit speed change
Area under the curve Total no of particle
 at 300k
g 16g Chg

A
III dog

Total Area 1 Total area no of particles

no
ofmot L mole

NI particles

case I For same

gases at diff Tempt
Consider a
gas with molar mass ml at different tempt
Ti Te T such that T TET
p Ump
Lff
Greater the Tempt Tz more the value of Ump

i
 Total area under the curve T 1
Total under the curve 1 Constantine
area tz
To maintain the curve with same total area with increase in Ump
Length of the curve increases L

Height of the curve decreases re

Max fraction of molecules decreases

Case II
Curve
for different Gases at the same

tempt
Consider two different Gases he Nim 2gmot and 02132gmot

at the same tempt

Hz Oz

T Ump
Eat FF
them form is more the Ump of Oz is less

tempt T

dit I
l

i I
Umpoy Untrez