section 5

5.1 Density
了

iifEP igm lgi.hn er 1g ⼼

f
1ooo 191m3

in Measure the density

as
regular solid
m
balanulscak V
ulwh

rnleshapedsolidfm
birrqular V
bd.nu scale
immerse the solid into water
measure the volume
of water replaced
m m.in
C
liquid imV
measuring cylinder

5⼼了Pressure

p 点
⼆
For solids

For liquidsi
phpg
hydro Iii machine 液压机
tuning pressure

Duty liquid
but they hardly change their
volume
Liquid can change shape

Calculation
吾 宝 ⼆
 nanometer ⽓压计
和 训啊

Ǜ
pghtat 5
gas supply pressure ⼆

lt Solids liquid andgases

Deurne the arrangement and movement
of particles in a solid
liquid and gas
in a regular structure
solid
fled
vibrate at fixed pain
h ngether
liquid f atoms can move from one place to another

atoms are separated 乡 relatively large distances

gas f atoms are in constant random motion

Internal Energy is the total kinetic energy and potential

energy
of all the particles that make up the system
I tht temperature atoms move
fast k Einen
Hang finesse
cause a change atoms increase separation
of state Tiwa
 snares
Chang of g I
Siu
Go 冷却 何
颷囖囐 鑾 意 涮 ii
change

son melting
freezing 凝固
solidification

Cooling Curve AB temperature decreases

T Nt Be change of state
B a CD temperature decrees
t

5.5 Specific Heat Capacity ⽐热容

specific

䠩
o imd
i
wg.i
man t
change
of temperature 的

thermal
energy

c
 why water is used for keeping our house warm

specific heat capacity is large

of water

⼼ mo T
when he same amount
substance
of thermalwater
energy for certain mass
of temperature change of is small

soap water travelling a long chance to our house it

can still keep a higher temperature that used to
keep our
hour warm

5.6 Ideal Gas Molecules

particles model kinetic theory of

of gases guy
are in a constant state
The particles in a
motion
gas of random
The particles in a gas collide with each other and the
name
inferring any of Ǖ
斵
箭
The temperature is related to the
of gas
of molecules avera es
As the Kinetic energy of The molecules increase the taperata
of the gas in areas
use idea about molecules explain why thingas produce a pressur

when the particles collide with a wall of their container

the particles exert
āfiānhugtp ⼆
点
there is a pressures
Kelvin sale
absolute zero 273
k C 273

Calculations
of gaspressure
Boyle's Law RN pzxvz.cat constant temperature

pressure Law 1
年 2 ㄒㄧㄤ i in Kelvin