Energy U extensive i

Only Difference are

important
thermo tendency to Equilibrium
Small of parameters U V Ni m
The mo
initially fo mac o scale

postulate I There exist Independent

particular States Equilibrium of history
States of
simple systems breakdown
If
that microscopically are not in thermal
characterized completely
Equilibrium
by the internal energy III
never in
Motets extensive
equilibrium
other variable like but choose

dipole moment gene alisable

To be in equilibrium the system must
be transitioning between all possible
microstates consistent with constraints
wall is restrictive
constraints e w rut volume
T i i

i G
f4
n i r i
j
a
i r

Piston in you restive

 Ice melts more
cube

be
quickly while running the
co
ice propeller
heat flow

watermiff energy causes melt

other observations
Eisen

In a plastic vessel ice cube melts

less quickly than with metal vessel
different mate ials pea heat
differently
If heat flow 0 Wall is restrictive
to heat
adiabatic wall
If heat flows unencumbered nonrestrictive

diathermal wall

change energy ofsystem by doing

a
work on it or
adding sub heat
observe Adiabatic torque p
walls du
t
HA
treasure
SPDV
Flo v
w w
 Risky 4
U goes up U b
reversible Irreusive
Counterclockni
Clockwise Q
Propeller U goesdoux
up
goes up
change Mole
E
E tEz

i
irreusible V YtVz Nulty

OU El
If we know we measure
Wo k done 0W Heat ou ow

dWm Pdv quasi state process

show