HeatConvection

quid 1 Random molecular motion diffusion and

2 bulk fluid motion advection

To Ts To

87g E
boundary layer

Heated Surface
Random moleclear motion diffusion near the

surface
Heat conducted into Bt swept by the flow
away

Classificationoflowection

1 FORCED CONVECTION
To Ts
purr Bower
Fay
to
JI
 2 FREE OR NATURAL CONVECTION

Buoyancy TY St

IS t
air

3 MIXED OR COMBINED CONVECTION

Sensible heat ex in internalenergy

change change
the fluid
of
not related to change ni
phase of the fluid

Latent heat change in phase

exchange

i
l
m

droplets
Condensation
S lamp
 S
Surface temp
4 Newton's law
of
q hA Ts To cooling
E free stream temp
M
Convection heat transfer
coff
h depends on
1
surface geometry
2 nature of
fluid motion
3 thermodynamic properties of the fluid
4 bulk fluid velocity

theremin
forgases hosts
50 1000
for liquids
Forced Convection for gases 25 250
50
for liquids 1201000

Convection 2,500 100,000

wf phase
change

THERMALRADIATI D
T OK emit thermal radiation
 2 Electromagnetic waves photons

3 Does not require the presence a medium

of

Solids that are opaque to thermal radiation

H
no transmission

surface phenomenon

E emitted thermal radiation

M
II
7
Ts

IEma.johad emittedby
a blackbody
Blackbody perfect emitter
Stefan Boltzmannlow
For a real E E TT
surface 0 Stefan Boltzmann
constant
8
E emissivity 5.67 10 WMIK
O S E E I
GE viradiation
radiation nicideul
surface fromother
a

ME of
surfaces
 Itt

Gabs a G O d t
p
absorptivity
d on
depends

nfadalion
IMfnaa ve

Vacuum or medium does

i not intervene w radiation

It
s

Surroundings
Ag

Surface is assumed to be a
gray surface
a e

Net rate heat transfer

of sad
L G A
fong the surface
9rad E
W
w

energy energy
 energy
hogtied
leaving
E E Eg Ts EOTs
G O Tsin

EETs so Tsui
Man Guy
9rad Eo Ts Tsui v

Ginn h Ts Ta

quad he Ts Tsar

he EttstTsm Ts't Tsui

It

MA Ts To t EAT Ts Tsui
q Gant 9rad

IfhaTsm To

q Ts To t EAT Ts To CTstTn IT
 q s s
W homeACTS To

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