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Semiconductor

Band theory
Bang gap
Eg
B
MAC
egtpav.is sh

Insulator
Concentration
N
Neha
has 1024 atoms
semi cond
An intrinsic
Ne 1081m
mi
per spring
is now doped p type
It
Calculate new Ne Inn
6
1081ms 10 X 1024 10181ms
Ni Doping
holes a doping holes
Intrinsic 10 10 3
1018 Me ME
So Nha 8
Conductivity
velocity
Drift
E Electric field
Her I
j conductivity

e
ne
neg
mobility
neeMethuen
Forfend O
DIODE

Diffusion
ht
I

Fdiff Current
Depletion
hinders MnFy h Drist
et
diffusion
Drift
HIIIII

KILN Potential
Barrier
n type p type n type
p type

Forward
Biased
incr
YEE Reverse Biasing

Diffusion Inert
Depletion layer
shrinks
insist
fg
in insist
é th
Recombination
of
constantly created
New e h pairs
everywhere
recombine but
Old e h pairs
outside depletion layer
only in depletion
Electric field
separates them
layer
Characteristics

V
Yunee
07 V for Si
0.3 V for he
Find current if diode is

ideal
puffy
i
ii Si based
in Ge based

i 10 2 5A

40 9
23 4.65A
2071
i

4.85 A
025
10 912
went
G
Tkr through zener

Effie
104 has
of zener
511
Up
5
i 103 5A
glov31
I is A

lot
Éffir
It
i i i
2Gt
went
Q
Ftr through zener

Effi
104 r has
If Zener 511
VB
diode is in breakdown
Assume
A 12 513 A
i 517
in
ÉPÉE i i in 202 A
a contradiction
There's is
Assumption wrong
is not in breakdown
Diode
t
Miki
in Irie
Vpiodelix3r
tofig 3
Retifier half
q y
wave
rectifier

wave center tap

3 Effy
full
rectifier

i
to D C
AC

ten t
ten smooth
d To make graph
use capacitor

EMMET team
C Changing of
capacities

Dis Discharging
discharge of capacitor should
time for than time
be significantly greater
Ac supply
period
of 2
RC 77
Time const C

ten
A rectifier has input of frequency
What should be approx
5043
smooth
range of capacitance for
R tour
D.C output
28
Re
I
C
E
RC
C 0.2mF
C
Expo or 100mF
I 10mF
or IF
Transistor doping
lowest

Biased
herward

small
it is biasing
small ament forward
even after is thin
base very
because
is small
Base currentsmall
hence
remains

common base
e tend to jump from
into

F É
emitter directly
collector So this
buttery encoring
rwm
Common emitter

EÉÉI

High current
less current
skiff
p in
BE
ECP
pup
npn

Ic IctIB IE
2
2
B E
calculate Ye
1000s

g
stand
it
20 50 looorxima VB
Vet
is reverse
31 V Base Emitter biased
VE YB
Biasing of Transistor
Input
1 Base is available
If output
is available
2 collector
If roles
3 Emitter can change

II
output
Input FILM
VBB Vcc
KD
output
Input
FILM
VEE Vec

ID

T
HA
VBB VEE
Transistor as CE Amplifier

35
RBE Rin

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Jin I But
BBI sin Yin
I BIB BS in B Yin
Four Rin

Rout four VinB


rout Rat

Voltage gain
Your Vin BRout Power gain
Ring
Current gain
Tout sin
P pl Roff
CB Amplifier
Jin Vin Rin

sin iÉF_Vout Rout


Ie LIE

Litt
Vi On Jin
Lout

Hour Low Roar Vin LRour Rin


A Row Power
Voltage gain
Ring gain
Current gain 2 Rout Rin
CC Amplifier
I Vin p

TEN IE FB
E
so Jin
TT
gyyy Four Lin

Four Rout Vin


Vous
B Roye
Voltage Gain BREE Power
Gain

Current Gain BK BE REE


Transistor as a. switch
In CE Biasing
VBB A
IBM

MITT Re
Vow
I T Esch

Vin VELI Vourt

Your Vee Icrc


Vout Cutoff Vin TO Imo
Transistor
I is not
conducting
or it is
Eve
off

in Active saturation
cutoff Region Region
Region
Vin high Irs high
out
Saturation
Lehigh Transistor
is conducting
orison
I
Collector
Emitter
I have same
i or
voltage
in Active saturation they behave
cutoff region Region like short
Region circuit
Vout
is
P E
item

this region

in Active Saturation
Cutoff Region Region
Region
as switch in
Vout Transistor saturation
Cut off
as amplifier
i Lyasistor
in Active region

in Active saturating
cutoff Region Region
Region
LogicGates
OR NOT
AND
X
A Do
D
ABI X B
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X AB
B X A X
X A
A B O O o
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0 0 t t
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t t t t t t
NAND NOR

Do
X F X

B
X AtB AB
AB ATE
X
B X
A
B X O O
A
1 0 0
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1 O O 1 O
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1 I 0
I I 0
XI X NOR IAAF
Y
I
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I 0 I

0 1 I
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CABICABT
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AT AT
ATB ATE
A It ATB

AIA BTR
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Identities Atb AB AB B

AA O At A 1

Ita I
Circuitsfortogicates
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1 X 1
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in this
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Vigmprovour
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Vines
UFO
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o

5
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vin
saturation
win condition for
has properties of
saturation
well as active region
as

Von 0 P EEL
Vac Fro
EÉÉIIÉ
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0 5 Tex 1000
05 1 I 5mA
MBE Vin IBX
05 1 I mA

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