20 Ol-2021

NAME ATHIRA P I

RoLL NO G19

SUBJECT ENG1l/NEERING1 PtiYSIc

(PHTIIO
 ATHIRA PI
IG11

A mechanical braling Ayte

tem can b e modlled b

electut cincut Consicn

the damped osillatior o

euctric cnCuit

K2
R
w

hen k a eeloed and k2 Ja- en the

geks changid t oo t e n i i a l dfenena

canactto

cqual o the CMF h e battry).

E shech
acitet now
The ehar
k and cloe naciio dischanga
No epen
and u'neluctona
iesiStana

charq on tpeito7 at ime t

th
fchot's voltage las
r
IR
Ld +
o
+

L dclt R +
=
dt

de
dt
dl
d t
d
 2 ATHIRA PI
1619

= 2 k , te )
inq dhs cRuatton with

c t t- + k .de +Co =O, uwee

uctnical Qwantity Mechanical uantit

Dsplacerment, *
tharqi 2

vetocity V
Cwrent
Recepo ca o F e
Constant (
Copacitance C)
R Daop coeffeaent,b
Resistce
Mcus m
Ineuctance,L

de+te + 2k d +ca«* =o

2k de +
t? =o
at

2
The
The undomeniad requenayo wibalion
bralin o
strelched 5Lrung

Jaus

n! he nocuLct h and ngth o*

ouded

seenemt ) eanslcint,
brad
ancl m linea
Teion
clenity )
Contcmti

Cand
 ATHIRA PI
G19

hen and constants

I nd law:

a Constont ouidud and m

constant Le n ditect onoional
he Ot tenaon the
inar dlenity
and
ubating *ent uwhen

wbrattno Seq e n t emslants

n x Jo
a cnstant - mouidsd and
ate
Constons e
invese
the SuaIC Leot lineo
T rlional
ament hen

clensiy
the
ibrating
Conslonts
Cund

An ait Ledae AASeelg shap1d thun

-consiatin pticall lam

G2 laced in
lass lates Cni and ALLch

that at erd dhuy

at thi othen
tontact
and
alugl anb

prece
h OT thun
en

CJirt Belween 1he 2 laleS -au

hen the e elg lumt'nalcd

 4 ATHIRA PI
1611

beam monochromatic ight

uithb analUl

altrnate
that i incident noimally

dork and rcqht inge3

On oblained the
and
odoly laud
unges
thuknes s then
. test a
ha eQual
Cne clstod t d
the uj
oucally plane not be
csill
Cand eqln
then the aulaco
amad thu
TheLcst t oished
plone
desined
nece dure
depeated tl the
ablained.
plane hess

4 The 3D eRLation

t
t
v

callud anlaian
1erato

u cRnatim is
3-D
The solulion

-st
ae kz 7 t kyy
t

ae
,i ( - cot ) |
 ATHIRA PI
1619

here
along XY, 7
and K one unit vecto1s

iespect vel
is the position vecto
 ATHIRA PI
619

o the
he 9l t d}kaction doened
uaulenqths mesent
auaunqth
a
emilted
in the ght
lonqst
lang th ditmactd
the ines
ahd Tha
oLeu}Fratton
oth qreakst angle -diHraetcd cth
line s sho1tcst cauuknqth
-d octio Thus Eomfponint
munumum
ange o acted into
ecolus (spectral lines )
anqula hesibors Chich les B -n the
dtlerent
poUce 9he
pectum
The ratanq eqation

d sino =nA

Sin e =VA N

tentiatirg,
do N dinneiSI ve nove2
Cos

nea ui Aecond adu

i

o t inst heuLcled t h e
hen Comnaud
is Srrall
of dhnacho
unql

5 octo mraswte
o ack da mping
he mea wTe O the abrlity
body J hnecluco MCNumuM muoben

0uleations eomina clo nest

 ATHIRA PI
619

nerng atomudd
2 2nx

EmurgyLot o a henicd
- tIT
totul enurg E E
Avera
=
e

ouen dusipahom JA

Auera
x

=2x * e
-t/T

27 x
7 EET
ET
T

27 .

= a, T

hene o =

, t

Two t hich tutalL

2N 2
osulatton noduced Ohen en
nurmban

wducos 7 o initial ene

Ce
 ATHIRA PI
619

7.aConsicdu the dnansve7se uibration Jon

o
unnfoim atnctchd sling nauinq sion T

at ount
When the alnong uckud

ulse that tranua

t roduceels .

alomq the stnin

Sio

Tsin
7

Considn two peiqhbouring oints P and

d i s tance Az The
sepanated y aSmall
Pancd P ddiected The
at
Jension
tensian at P: anc P
vettca COmpenenb
and
the
TIn O cohurte
Sin O,
and
T
at
P
nd
|Pa
Cingles ade
he longunt

cdh h th houeonlal
 ATHIRA PI
619

al toru taeline the Small

The nezultant
element

F = TSin TSin -(D

Small
Snce Oanc O ver
Sine os Tene o

D> F= T(Tan O2-Tan o,

thu C Au at a
We no that
aLoe
ton

tane

unctico both positioY and -Gme

ince is a
Ce Cn citr

Tan = and (an2

cla+0%

en
F T( it )
th elument PP hauing enqth ax

T
m Dx

m eng th ( lincan
shne m

demity
 ATHIRA PI
619

Usinq
Usinq taylors theotem and neglecLtnqhqhen

actos we Can Onte

+0L

ubtitutinq this

2 =

Th climensjon

M
L MLT

ecomes

This is
 ATHIRA PI
I619

= 3 xlo co3 (84 xlo3t+ 23 Xioz)Vm

() mnitud 3xio m

ii) Fnequen
= 8 4 xIo' ads

2T

8 4 x1o
2x 3 4

I:337 Xio' Hz
H2

337 x lo H z
Fyguenc

in) Wau ngth :

K = 2 3 xio

= 2 3 XIO

2 3XIo

M
2.24 X/o

u u l ugth 2.24 X1o m

 2
ATHIRA PI
619

i) h a u velociy

veloccty , V= A

13
331 x lo x 224 x 1o

299 87000d mls

q (a) The decnease in the itucls an

orui lator iaused

disapita dissifhatiuu
Such on
oces callud as
o
olcillatot called as darned hanmonu
oullatoi

Heu th oca eguatuon us

ma=
-

C -b dz

da
dt z +6 tcz = o

Durcinq

b
olt clt
 ATHIRAA PT
13
1611

Hene k oa Constant O1 clampir eto

k =

> Anquler e tho dapn

2
COo C

lutiom

= Ae «E
we ssune that

Ae

ol = AC
dt

A et+2k Axe + Aet

A 2 k * t o o )) = o

Soluing
+ o

st

Oven dampinq CaseP (k>so)

equilubruiuo
fle the y Co s

olop non 0sallat

p c norlc eq Dead bret glvenomelcr

 14 ATHIRA PI
61

undun dampeed

Ce -E)

iJooe

CO

T h olutten

2 = A Co t + 3Sin>t

= A

a a t-o

cll =°

Co wttBjnut) e
d A
-et B t
te A-Sin at xo t C xo

O = - Ak 1 B
 A THIRA PI
I5
I61

The
r C t = (a co ott + a sin o t ) e-k6

-kt
a eke C Gk Sin w -
ae Co wt+

-kea (o co1 L kSins t )

-kE F Co Coo Sin w )

= sin o co Lst

t + C o Sinst D
a sin o co

=
e
- t E

ao Sin t t )
hiuocue ncbor Sint +)
hows hat .oulUatu cbout cQuillihiuro
osi m

-kl-

A Sin H

Th
to

man
ill

and min mpluols

oith in

il 6
- kl-
Cmd
 ATHIRA PI
619

er and peuiodic

Dead xat qa luanometo

Siople hndulun uiAC w wd

(b nm =I9 Ixlo

l o N/m

Anqular e n e y esthoct
lami
lo
IXiO3 oxio3 -o
lo2 ad I
 ATHIRA PI
IG1

LAnqulan eueme ith damrrg

9991
11 vad

(a) Fene's dachon Foanhoen curachon

-ar Souce aned cur

Sowcee and reen

at enite dstonce are at inite diskan ce

Convergng lens
No lens is used

lane wauu ront i

Spherceal Cylidica btauncel
Cauufront u obtained

*etualtyth sewr nd

aCnEen -hlaco d a l

th col plenes o
les wAtd

Scncen

ScYen
ptue
 18 ATHIRA PI
619

ct
(6)Ahenamenon a h o t e r dtaon
slub Aide cor
Acwal
laccd ide

demonstnaled ditraction ating

co-iaetion ating carsist-l a r r g e
nano panall sub
numbe tot etneme
Ther
penanatte b eQual onaq
J
pest atrq ulictrmo
Cmd tansmiJion

plane tnans mii)fo .

acd uling ne ines at

eual dutorce On an Ortically l a n glan

la ith cluamond
u panminm etin
uscd in laboratánilres
rucay
ulsd
o ratnhq Contauio 6oo0 n s lem

A thin layen J eleclin Solutimn is

T oued vuuled
*sbng
handarns,
hen stphe o elatn alatns h

moundcy i n
etseun glam plat lo -obtain Ananm i)ism
ng Gnd
inq aqeinst Slvered
purau ulitino
 19 ATHIRA PI
619
Cmalinq equatioD

Aet long no ot
D hanall slit

A O

and
Width o the tnanscncnt

AB =a and Bc = b

+ ) =d called atn9 elument

N - alo of lines e mit lengthb)

N= d atb

ron
CN
hath S = CN SinoF
atb
Sin e d
Sin e CN

EN
ab

Contzue-hue nloewne

San od
=

nDA eRatiom
 20 ATHIRA PI

Sin o = nAN

o(b) = s896 x 1o - l O

D O 30 Cm

R m

Dn 4pRA

D n ==4nR
nRA = 4x 5 x x 5894x id
P
2
O 30 x td x o:30 x 1o

= :31

(a) Neton's ing

monodhromatic sounCe

endeud auallt4 h Cmvegnq una

Th carn Aght incudent

-o la tke
at elactcd dun anc

micl a pegemivnt

plno Cenver lc
) alap)
 21
619

Jhe beam w relecktd

at Cnd
thi tw dd

glam hlek

Consi)H
atral cdank ancl
utng cth
h
Tuntrol clark
spol

Let be th hroness the an

n th
Coreshoreur dan Radiu
Cwuatwu

e e ssior en minimunn da

2 Ht

Since ht incicdent nomalu Y IS Smal

Co)=I

P = 1 ( e fih)

2E -
 ATHIRA PI
22
1619

VConsiclin 3AC

Bc Ac+AB

R =R-t)* +Tn
r4t - 2Rt +1n

2RE = so2

socell t neglsckd)
(t is vey

2R
-O

Suhhbe 'n

nR G n=o,',2,

Conten

-nd au lenq.lh

Let D Jh diarnet cre ofnth cluk nhg

 ATHIrRA P.
23 61

Dintk) == 4(ntt) RA O

n+k) he ol ot ate3hrq9

Fitor and

4 n + k )RA - 4nR

kRA

Oeu length
KR