CHE MICAL KINETICS

chemical paiiale
chemical kincte
* Lmhotat haton
the eaction (sreed)
rata
deqends upen
and tin.
with
mechaDsm of te
Deals
which yedicts the

1. RATE OF THE REACTION:

PA Conc.
Conc.
A increase
decvease

Lreactant) (produci)

thie chang un coeentiation

Rate
W.r.t Tine concentration
dz mol s-!
dt
ExPRESS ION: Conly in balanced ez)
RATE
À + 2B t 4D
(alwoys)
’ conc reactart decreases conc- produt
(-)

increaSes.
moority

-d lB] tdL]
dt 2 dt 3dt 4 dt

* To be exesscd for \ mole

 Exome:
N t 3 H ’ 2 NH3
-d [N] -d[H) a[NH
dt 3 dt 2dt

a|N.o] +d [No.)
2. dt 4 dt dt

Ha + I, 2HI

-d[i]
dt dt 2dt

FACTOR'S LNFLUENCING THE RATE

INFLUENCING
REACTION:
Concentraticn of voactants:
ecive colision
Highur Conc. effecwe
(Haster produrt forrmation)

H
hige

2 Temnate:

Lnceae in vale ot rxn.

50 C ’ tastn rxn
28°< ’ louer
 Reactant
Natue ot (te3tn
3 < R - I tate)
’ fasten rals
Reactine melals

4 Suhae
Langen swface aua, faston
rate of reacien

Radialion :(In form of enengy)

5
oadialien , yanton
Highor
the guocion.
INSTANTANEOUS RATE OF THE Rx:
nata
dehincd as caig

eatant puredut at a yaticulon

R P
- dLRJ dLP]
dt
AVERAGE RATE OF A REACTION:
I us dsinsd as ie
chanqe un
Coneitali
yredut at a guren
It final conc.
iniial conc.

- A[
At ta- ti

QUESTlONs:

4 NH3 t 501 4NO + 6 H0

an
s.calculata
ric eida s 3-6x10 mdl '
the ata
the vata t hormalienGiven.of walon
Sol:
+d[Hao
-d[NH). - d[o] +ALNo 6 dt
4 dt 4dt 5 dt

-d[NH] + dLNoJ
4dt Kdt

d[NHJ
LNtaJ 2.4xl0-3 mol 's.
dt

4dt
3Kdt 2

|-8

d[Hao
dt

dt
 the reaclien
2- For 4NO t O
2. N, ór
rxn
the ata
+d[No3 ml s. Calculat t
dt
eesson un oms

Sol: + d[No] + dLo]

2 dt 4dt dt

d[Naos). Lx\x0*
dt

dt

RATE LAW: (gives

(9M eke expvesS,jon o
Conc: o
how vate
veactan ts) derud

Ordot: o, 1, 2 ’ an.
Order: 3 ’
1 cemp\ex rxn
1
A
Pd
 the nwelued
in defucd
as
chenucal a *Qden
es
rxn. the oYdor whexccallid
yoens, exenunlial
the ún andand L all tc
saised the
to suaclarls
n cf
orcaclien chanical any t
K[AJ"18] r-
fAB]! ra
Produt bB + aA
’Prsdut B +A
LAW: RATE
vxn) ot(Rate
veacant
*Ladeqondait
6
COnc
eMp:o (i) HI 2
atue
ot ()
K[AJ'B]' r-
sn tk
Pd & t A
 KEACTION:
ZERO ORDER
the realion
the vato ot
If roactants
the
rxn
otdon adesr
Rat law:
Groph:
rote

Ex:
h& H t T,

* Photichamical
ORDER REACTIoN:
FiRST
If dequdat
Conc.

called first ordes

A’ product
KLAJ'
Ex:
Nuclearhusen , Nuclear fusien.
ordo

2 Hz0,.
2H0 t O
Ccy
 *AJL latochenical rxn ae zero ordot
JLodiaadiuc fist
4ost orda

w-rt B

Urnut ot rat:
do mol s
dt
Zero order: r=Ko

first dou: r K, Ca
secand oden :
UNIT OF RATE CONSTANT:
()

() rKi[A)
mol

LAJ mol

K
[AJ'LBJ'
mol s-!

(mol )
K, mo s
 to hind
lind the
Genenal homua n-)
,I-n
hn mol

n /): I- 3/2-l
mol

n=3:
Ks = mol
2

K, mol
CONSTANT:
D/B and RATE
RATE Ad

RATE
RATE CONSTANT
us the sped with It is a
It
which the reactants ceslant in the rate J
and is dehind as te
yaodudts. ate ot a reaction wken
the concantraien ton
unty
en e
It depands pcn the It is inderindent
iial cON tial
reactant. reactant
*'s uit ús aluays | It wit diFands
elenentay sley, ovdon Har woleru larity
and moleculavity are
3
numerically eayals

MOLECULARITY: (only for elemena rrn)

(ore- she)
Hsw no. of molecules n

sngle sl vreation
IA Pd ’ dnimeleculariti
2A Pd Binaleuar
MoLECULARITY OF REACTION:
|Whe no.of uactig specics wohich collide
sinultärccusly to i alout a chaital
called umeleulait
D\B MoLECULARITY AND ORDER:
MoLECULARITY ORDER
It s the noof ocacling It us Sum of power ot
sqecus undlrgog colisíon conc teums çn ta rate
un the elemonasy veactionaw.
aqplicalde caly ter aniae both for
elemarlay Maatien elamenlay comlen reactiot
thuoutical Ordon us dotiunued
eximnlaly
It ub alwaus a whole 6 Ordon yaod ot be a

Canet be a non-oaerwhole numben.It can

hae eaclinal value» also.
Order can hae a
Molbculavaty cah nere
zero value.
be Zeo
 zero odor Vxn.

Example for
H
ht/u30k
N + 3
Pt

ordor rxn
First clz
SO
() S0, Cl,
NHz + No
() NHå NO2
ran:
Second ordo

D2NO, 2NO t Oz
24I
(D H+L,

PSEUDO FIRST ORDER RXN:

S5.5-)

|CHgCOoCHs t TH,0
CHs C00H + CzHs OH
Expectet:

’ As H act a
calalyst, the oatt
Concontiatien
’As anly I moe out 55.5 moe ot H0
rencti, cenc- is fowd to be nil. Hencl
rati daqds. uaon oily ostor

Pseudo ata conta

 LNTEGRATED ReTE ExPRESs1ON:
. ZERO ORDER RxN:

- d[A)
dt
A -Kot +c

To find ci
t-0

Ko: (nJ-)
Substilg
GRAPH:
[- A] -Kt
-Kt dn LAnA. (9:
slope (-) ve
(A)
 a-X dog t
a 2.303
[AJ
dog t
2.303 K,
(A) -Jog LAJ dog 2303
t
K,
t
int0:
suh At
+C kit - t) dn
at h.-
dt
A
RxN: ORDER FIRST 2-
 HALF- LIFE PERIOD OF A FiRST ORDER RXN:
The
eaclicn iss called halt -lide qeried
Eg
’ 0-5 9

’ 509

K, = 2303
dog

2-303 dog
ty a-a/

- 2303
dog

ty 2303. dog 2
Q- 693
9nit

Why tye for a hist dor eaion is

inilial Conc.
undepndirt
icd
Half -Jine yoicd the ime nacded

ct unitiai cscetalien:
 tor Zeo ovdon Vxn: Granh:
As ty2
ty 2K A

HALF - LIFE PERIOD ScALE:

lty 15/
50
’87.5/.

2ty2 25

12-5
tsox ty
6.25
t1s/. ty

I AA ot don eaction takes 120 min

for 157:7. comlction . Caleulate it, tad
15

= |20 min 2.t

tso. 120
60 min
2

Haly- lihe qoiod tor

20 min . Calculata
44.47. ?

1200 min
3 The hall ite ciocd hor a it oden
Gden rxn

us 4os . Calculat the tin oeg incd yon

comliing 81.87- 5 /

tsus. sty
te1.5 7= 3 X4o > 20s

4 Prove taa.a . \o ty.

hi 2:30. dag
dy a-l

log l00- 44.9

k, 2303 dog
t

K, 2303 loq o

2303 3 dog lo
t

2-303
tinq7: Ki

2.303
Ko 2:303 log dog 2 ’
l00-5o
t

3
tso O. 30

taq.4.
 PROBLEMS:
decomnoilion st Naos in Ccly at
Lhe tudiud in
31% K has lan
is
233 mol . Ator
Conc.
2-08M Calulat
it Suduces to
ata is
4NO2 t O2
2NOs
d[N.o]
2dt
(2-08-2 33)
184

r : 0.25
368

mol nin-!
Y 67x \0

the rn?
NO in

udt
d [NoJ
dt
d [No] 2-68 x
lo-5
Mol
dt

2- Ldenliy of seaclion em
 () K-2-3xI05 mol" s (nd ordo)
ordo)
3 Wuta the unit, costant.
(i) 2 order i) ovdor:
hailb3
mol
mol mo s!
mol,a

4- Rata rxn:

t- KLAJ[B] LC]".
xn when.
What uguld be te rata of
rata
() conc. of C is doubled.
(0 conc. ot A is halfed.
Ci) Conc. of Both B avd C are doubled.
(i) conc of A, B,C are tripled.

NoTE PoNT:
() For Zero orde rxn

docOAse in Conc- -’ no change in ralo

Inoease or
First ordor rxn:
(D for
increases n tines Sate alco unese
If COnc.

times.

2.r- K,[LA)
 rxn:
(ii)For Secend orde
increase
n times, vata
COnc

by n time

K.E
(i) For

Br- Ks [2A]

8. A dost det rxn has a rate censtant 55x6

Calculate its dalf-ife qied
ty o843.
O-643
ty S-5
x

ty, O-126 xo S
 207 Comletid in
10 min. Calculata
757. Comletion of tee rxn:

Sol" k, 2.302
kog
lo (00- 20

Ki 2302 loa 5.

K, 2.303 |.2,5

K,= O.L303X 0.O964

K0.0223 min

K,= 2. 303 og
t

t 2.303 Qog
ki a-J

2.303 |00
t dog 00-15
00223

2.303
tz
0.0223
dog

2303 0.602|
t
O-0223

t2:303 x 27

t- 62. 18 mËn
lo- First
ordo rxn comflatia
wil t it take to
How dong
tie
607. ot the rxn

I Tee dal-lile hoiod hon a radio ache

53130 yeas. A
wodin teal aierat hod only

Esimata
Ans:
0.693
ty,
K;

k, 0.643
5730yeaS