InsulationcriticalthicknessfercylinderI

aouwsusaaqfwec.tn
rcr comtteeffect

Spherical
k
Rtnsp
hI ri

Volumetricheat generatin

stab
ha 1 I
Imax

Clip L
T

nah
µ l
i l
no
l q T

t
alast Kadfel

ho TCL Te
z L

t 1cm
0I I E t
E TEL
cylinder
Tcr t t Qi Criers
 2. Steady 1D heat conduction: Fins

HX
M
Min h m steam

8 am

Sources: Sunny steel enterprise Ltd., Engineering Systems Magazine,

World Wildlife Fund, Jurassic Park

heat transfer applications

Fins are used in a wide variety of
as well as every day life
lawnmower
eg Air cooled motorcycle cylinders
Condenser tubes in refrigerator

dinosaur fins
Elephant ears to convection

used to enhance a heat transfer from a surface due

increasing the surface area

by
heAbaresurface fin bare
baresurface
i e decreased
1
fin he A thermal resistance
Fins particularly useful when h ow
e.g naturalconvection airete

Te
a n
he
q
a 7
For Cts Te affined 5
cooling Cts Te
unfin

We define the thermal resistance

fin
I
Rfin hcAfMf
I

finsurface
f inefficiency
area
o
Mfc I
short
fins with high thermal conductivity

nf large
long fins
decreases
Mf
2
 offfor a wide variety of
commongeometries
Objective derive

and boundaryconditions

Cte in thickness
Fins are thin in one direction
a
we assume that the temperature rainthidmisreglegike

Tae only Ttt CU r

Einfin Ta
heTe
I
hot
f f yActra
peony Q n ton
off
i
ca l
Is J
p car
f I
TB
TB fin base temperature
L
finlength
Aofincross sectional area core

P finperimeter Cote
convective HTC
he
Te ambient fluid temperature
3
 heposecta Te
9
antent EAda.ae
Is
On

At steadystate

qAdn hopoacted Te
qAdaeoe

Divide by 8k and let ON 20

dgeCqAd hapten Te o

and order O.DE in TCU

need two boundary conditions

B Cil Base temperature known

TCd o7 TB 4
 Bc 2 convective heat transfer at thetip

Ack didsee Ache CTca 4 Te

q1L
However
since Ac PL typically
we often Ignore the Heat transfer at the
tip
DT
i e
Tala o

An even simpler result is obtained the fin is

if verylong

infinitely long such that

Lim TIN Te
N 200

TCL Te

5
 T

TB
Convective tip
𝑑𝑇
−𝑘 ቤ
𝑑𝑥 𝑥=𝐿
= ℎ𝑐 𝑇 𝑥 = 𝐿 − 𝑇𝑒
Te
x
X=0 L
T

TB
Adiabatic tip
𝑑𝑇
ቤ =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑥=𝐿

Te
x
X=0 L

TB
“Infinitely long fin”
𝑇 𝑥 = 𝐿 ≈ 𝑇𝑒

Te
x
X=0 L 6
GeneralSdution

let D Tca Te for convenience

p2 HIP
and
K Ac
0 DE becomes

d20 P20 0
q
const
for p
O c e
Br Pm
t Ee
or

O B SinhPat BzcoshPd

B C l Cbase

067 013 TB Te

7
8
9
10
plate
across
no T distr
thicknessElwidth

it
Q

I c
z

fins with
for pin fin apply to all
Expressions developed
constant crosssection Ac

Ac t w
2C Wtt
p
Mac 2Cff It E

If w s t
tf It
11
 Example 1: Fins to cool a transistor
am
I
An array of eight aluminum alloy fins, each
3 mm wide, 0.4 mm thick, and 40 mm
long, is used to cool a transistor. When the
base is at 340 K and the ambient air is at
300 K, how much power do they dissipate
of the combined convection and radiation
on
heat transfer coefficient is estimated to be
8 W/m2K? The alloy has a conductivity of
175 W/m K. Assume the heat loss from the
fin tips is negligible.

Gein aluminum fins cool transistor

Const
Ind power dissipated
by
8fins crosssection

Adiabatictip he_const
O 003M X ooo 4M 1 2 0 6m2
Ac o

P 2 o 003 m t 0.0004 m 6 Syco 3M

h 16 I m t
B 259 m s f

16.1mi x 0.040M 0.644

L
p
y fin tanh o 881
0.644
12
fin
 Mfin Elfin
fin Max

fin max h pl TB Te
Afin
for adiabaticfin

4
8 Fk 272 10 m2 340K Zook
2
8.70 Xco w

7 67 10 w
fin Mfin fin max Csinglefin

For 8 fins

8 0fin 0.613W
total fins

13
Infinitelylongfin
surrounding t Tt a

Temperature distribution

0cL o TCL Te
as A

Apply B.C to 1st form

D c e e
Ad

Base OB Get get at Cz

f Cz OB G

Tip Oh gem 1 Seth O

as L so
o

9 0

s G OB 9 0

OCU Boe
or
Oge
Tca Te
e H f feat
TE 14
Criterion
for using infinitely long fin assumption pls I

co or above
Example 2
hc=3 W/m2K
9 t = 0.5 cm
L=20 cm 9
w = 2 cm
99
s
2 J plate fin
I
s k=50 W/mK

perimeter
2 2 10.5 5cm 5 10 2M 2
p
0.5cm X 2 am cm 2 1 10 4m2
Ac
5.48mi
B
l 10 I
pl
not an
infinitely long fin

15
For infinitely long fin

HeatDissipationRate

Oifin base kAcdd

a

KA CTB Te ftp.ace
BY
N 0

Elfin KAP TB Te

FinEfficiency
Mfin actualheattransferralefromfin
finimax heat transfer rate if entire finwere at TB

Mfin Qt kAcBCTB
hottfin TB Te
hcAfin TB Te
After rearranging
qin
IT

16
 Pin-Fin Summary
we assumethat
General solution: tempgradis in 1 theden
directiononly along

ℎ𝑐 𝑃 on intxtbk
f
Bi his co
then it is thinenough
𝛽=
f
𝑘𝐴𝑐
= 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡.
𝜃 = 𝑇 𝑥 − 𝑇𝑒

𝜃 = 𝐶1 𝑒 𝛽𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −𝛽𝑥
or
𝜃 = 𝐵1 sinh 𝛽𝑥 + 𝐵2 cosh 𝛽𝑥

Boundary condition #1 (base condition):

𝜃 0 = 𝜃𝐵 = 𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇𝑒
Adiabatic tip (or negligible heat loss):
dT
𝑇 𝑥 − 𝑇𝑒 cosh 𝛽 𝐿 − 𝑥 Ia la L o

= B C for adiabatictip
𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇𝑒 cosh 𝛽𝐿

𝑄ሶ 𝑓𝑖𝑛 = 𝑘𝐴𝑐 𝛽 𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇𝑒 tanh 𝛽𝐿

tanh 𝛽𝐿
𝜂𝑓𝑖𝑛 =
𝛽𝐿

Infinitely long fin:

𝑇 𝑥 − 𝑇𝑒
= 𝑒 −𝛽𝑥
L a 𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇𝑒

𝑄ሶ 𝑓𝑖𝑛 = 𝑘𝐴𝑐 𝛽 𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇𝑒

1
𝜂𝑓𝑖𝑛 =
𝛽𝐿
17
 he
Convective tip: neattransferis
continuous tip
attire
ℎ𝑐
𝑇 𝑥 − 𝑇𝑒 cosh 𝛽 𝐿 − 𝑥 + sinh 𝛽 𝐿 − 𝑥
𝛽𝑘
forgeneral =
𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇𝑒 ℎ
cases cosh 𝛽𝐿 + 𝑐 sinh 𝛽𝐿
𝛽𝑘

ℎ𝑐
sinh 𝛽𝐿 +
cosh 𝛽𝐿
𝛽𝑘
𝑄ሶ 𝑓𝑖𝑛 = ℎ𝑐 𝑃𝑘𝐴𝑐 𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇𝑒
ℎ
cosh 𝛽𝐿 + 𝑐 sinh 𝛽𝐿
𝛽𝑘

BC at the tip

KAcdata heAc Tch Te

In
thermal
conductivityofthefin TCL notknownyet
base boundary condition
tipand
obtain solution
after applying

Note he
I adiabatictip

pL I infinitely long fin

s
similarly

18
Bonus: specified tip temperature:

𝑇𝐿 − 𝑇𝑒
𝑇 𝑥 − 𝑇𝑒 𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇𝑒 sinh 𝛽𝑥 + sinh 𝛽 𝐿 − 𝑥
=
𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇𝑒 sinh 𝛽𝐿

𝑇 −𝑇
cosh 𝛽𝐿 − 𝑇𝐿 − 𝑇𝑒
𝐵 𝑒
𝑄ሶ 𝑓𝑖𝑛 = ℎ𝑐 𝑃𝑘𝐴𝑐 𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇𝑒
sinh 𝛽𝐿

19
20
OverallfineffectivenesI
many fins but Mfin Efinfocus on a singlefin
Engineering surfaces typically have

qFJf efine an overall effectiveness

for the wholesurface

fin overall Qtotalifin

total no fin
surface
wtofins
9
heAunfin Tb Te t MfinhcAfin TB Te

heAnofin TB Te

Efronoverall Aunfin t MfinAfin Ano

fin

Anofin total area w o fins

Afin total area

of alt the fins
Aunfin unfinned area
ofthe finned surface

21
 Finned surface
W
L D

Include
only if tip is
𝟐 not
𝑫 adiabatic
𝑨𝒖𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒏 = 𝑾 × 𝑯 − 𝟗 × 𝝅
𝟐
𝟐
𝑫
𝑨𝒇𝒊𝒏 = 𝟗 × 𝝅𝑫𝑳 + 𝟗 × 𝝅
𝟐

𝑨𝒏𝒐𝒇𝒊𝒏 = 𝑾 × 𝑯

23
Fins of varying cross-sectional area

24
 Rearranging

r d'T h d1
Tra
t
Ir RITT Te o

where
p 2ha
Fk
Introduce z
4 O
2 pr D Ta
TB Te

22dL t Edd EO o
Dza Iz

We will use adiabatic

an
tip BC
Tcr _r TB
z pm L

dirt E o d
Iz o
p

25
26
27
Table 3-3 provided for adiabatic tip condition with
corrected fin length

29
 "Corrected fin length":

Typically the most

case
generalized

approximation

OfcomL adiabaticLa

where he is the corrected

finlength
Ly Ape

This is typically a good approximation

near the
for small 7 variation
tip i.e when mL s I

30
 Example 3: Cooling of a fin transistor
An aluminum annular fin is used to cool a
transistor. The inner and outer radii are 5 mm
and 20 mm, respectively, and the thickness is

20 mm
0.2 mm. Calculate its efficiency and the heat
dissipated when its base is at 380 K, the

5 mm
ambient air temperature is 300 K, and the
estimated heat transfer coefficient is 8.2
W/m2K. Take the conductivity of aluminum as
205 W/mK.

Given aluminum annular f in

finds Qfin
q.ae
Assumptions he constant over fin
adiabatic tip
for annular
fire
B 2k
2 8
22 400M 2
205 0.2 10 3
20 m l
p he 8 2
0.00241
BK 207205
therefore assume adiabatic tip
31
Fin efficiency

Mfin are K Cpr I

CRI I Cpr7K Cprd
Cri 47 KoCpr 7I Cpr I.io Cpr Kfpb
20 X Oc005 0 I
Pr
pry 20 0.020 0 4

I K
p r Io Ko

0.111.0025 9.8537
0.05012.4271

O 4 o 2040 2 1843

Mfin 0.944
rate
The heat dissipation
isothermal fin
efficiency x dissipation rate of ideal

fin mfinxh.CATCRE rf TB Te
1.46 370K 3004 32