ELECTROMAGNETIC MATERIAL Pioneering 21st Century

Electromagnetics and Photonics

PARAMETERS & RELATIONS http://emlab.utep.edu

FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS MEANINGFUL PARAMETERS

These parameters are fundamental to These parameters isolate specific information about fields and waves into
Maxwell’s equations, but it is difficult to single quantities. They are more intuitive than the fundamental parameters.
conclude their effect on fields and waves.
Electrical Permittivity, e Refractive Index, n The ordinary refractive index no is the factor by which
the phase of a wave slows down inside of a medium.
e  permittivity e  e 0e r n  no  j  mre r
e0  free space permittivity The extinction coefficient  quantifies growth or
er  relative permittivity er  1 For non-magnetic decay of a wave due to gain or loss, respectively.
(dielectric constant) materials: h E z  e  jk0 nz
e  jk0 no z
e  k0 z
e 0  8.8541878176 1012 F m er  n h  n
2 0

Magnetic Permeability, m
m  permeability
m0  free space permeability
mr  relative permeability
m0  1.2566370614 106 H m
Electrical Conductivity, s
s  conductivity (1/Wm)
Two Sets of Electrical Properties
Real permittivity e and
real conductivity s e  e   je   e  s j
or
Complex permittivity e e  e
Frequency, Velocity, and Wavelength E  z   e g z  e  z e  j  z
f  ordinary frequency (Hz)
  2 f  angular frequency (s 1 )
0  free space wavelength
speed/oscillation growth/decay
m  m0 m r Impedance, h
Impedance h quantifies the relationship
mr  1 m
h  h   jh   h h  between the electric field E and magnetic
e field H due to the coupling in Maxwell’s
equations.
h  E0 H 0
h0  m0 e 0  376.73031346177 W  free space impedance
h   resistive component h  amplitude relation between E0 and H 0
h   reactive component
h  phase relation between E0 and H 0
Propagation Constant, g Loss Parameters P  z   P0 e  P z
e   s  The absorption coefficient P
g    j   jk0 n  P  2
describes decay of power.
The loss tangent tand
Wave velocity growth/decay speed/oscillation describes decay of power.
c0  1 m0e 0   attenuation coefficient  m 1  P  z   P0e d k n z 0 o

v  c0 no 2 2
 k0 n  wave number  m 
  0 no  wavelength inside medium
 1
d  2 no 
c0  f 0  299, 792, 458 (m/w)  speed of light in vacuum  k0 no