01

Electric Charges
and Fields
Quick Revision
1. Charge is the property associated with matter
due to which it
produces/experiences electric Also, =9x
4 TTE
10 N-m/C
and magnetic effects. There
are two
types of where,
charges namely positive charge and negative Eo =
permittivity of free space
charge. 8.85419x 10 C/N-m2
Charge is a scalar quantity, it can be added and In vector form,
subtracted as a number. Its SI unit is coulomb
and its dimensional formula is M° L TA.
F 1.492r or F =-
4TtE r | 4 TCE T
2. Conservation of Electric
Charge During any 5. Relative
Permittivity It is given by the ratio
process, the net electric charge of an isolated
system remains constant, i.e. conserved. In E
e (absolute permittivity of the medium
simple words, charge can neither be created
nor be destroyed. where, e, is called relative permittivity of the
3. Quantisation of Charge Charge exists in medium with respect to vacuum. It is also
denoted by K, which is called dielectric
discrete amount rather than continuous value constant of the medium. It has no units.
and hence it is quantised. Mathematically,
charge on an object, g = t ne, where n is an
K or e, = vacuum and e= K e
integer and e is the electronic charge. F medium
where, e - 16 x 10 C. 1 14,4a
F
4. Coulomb's Law It states that, the electrostatic medium
47t E K
force of attraction or repulsion acting between
two 6. Principle of Superposition of Electrostatic
stationary point charges is given by
Forces states that, the net force experienced by
F= . 4192 a given charge particle g, due to a system of
4TT E r
charged particles is equal to the vector sum of
the forces exerted on it due to all the other
>F
charged particles of the system. i.e.
91 +92
F Fot Foa + Fos t.+ Fo
where, q, and q, are the magnitudes of
is the distance of
stationary point charges and r F
separation between them in air or vacuum.
02 CBSE New Pattern~ Physics 12th (Tew
(Term-)
where, Io = r - ; Fo=force on g, dueto q, Electric field intensity at P
Similarly, r,0 = Io -r, Fo, = force on g, due to
E-
4 TE
The magnitude of the electric field at a
Pis given by point
7. Electrostatic Force due to Continuous
Charge Distribution
Ifq>0, i.e. positive charge, E is directed
The region in which charges are closely spaced away from source charge. On the other
is said to have continuous charge
hand, if q <0, i.e. negative charge, Eis
distribution. directed towards the source charge.
Electric force at a point due to alinear 11. Electric Field due
charge distribution is given by
System of Charges
to
IfE is electric field at point P due to
the
F-4TE L
system of charges, then by principle of
superposition of electric fields, we get
Electric force at a point due to a surface E E,+E,+ E, E,
=
+.+ =
E
charge distribution is given by
Using Eq. (i), we obtain
F o odS
4Te, E-i =l 4tEo
.
Electric force at a point due to volume
charge distribution is given by or E-
4TTE, =1r
F =ofpa 12. Electric Lines of Force Imaginary curves
4 TUE y To
drawn in electric field along which an unit
8. Electric Field due to a
charge Qat a point in positive test charge tends to move.
space may be defined as the force that a unit
The tangent to a electric line of force at any
positive charge would experience, if placed at point gives the direction of electric field at that
that point.
point.
The charge which is producing the
called source charge and the
field is 13. Electric Dipole Two point charges of equal
charge which magnitude and opposite nature separated by a
experiences the effect of source charge is called
small distance altogether forms an electric
test charge.
dipole.
9. Electric Field Intensity A charge qo 14. Electric Dipole Moment
experiences an electric force F, then electric
field intensity at that
Magnitude of electric dipole moment is equal
point is given by to product of
magnitude of any charge qand
F
E = lim separation between two charges (2).
9o o
P q(21)
where, g, 0 means the test charge g, must
be small. 2
It is a vector +q
quantity and its SI unit is NC
10. Electric Field
Intensity due to a Point Direction of electric dipole moment is taken
Charge from negative charge (-g) to positive charg
9 (+g). Its SI unit is C-m and it is a vector
-----

quantity.
CBSE New Pattern ~ Physics 12th (Term-)
03

15. Electric field at any point on the axial equilibrium, i.e. when 0, =f and 6, = T,
line of electric dipole givenby is
W2pE.
2pr .Work done in rotating the dipole from the
Eaial
4Te, ( - P position of stable equilibrium to the position
When I<r, E 12p inwhich dipole experiences maximum torque,
ie. when 6, = 0° and 0, = 90°, W = pE.
4TE
Direction of electric field at any point on
21. Potential energy of electric dipole, when it
makes an angle 0 with the direction of electric
axial line is along the direction of electric U=-pE cos = - p E
field,
dipole moment.
22. The electric flux linked with a surface, when
16. Electric field at any point on equatorial
surface is held normal to the direction of
line of electric dipole is given by
1 uniform electric field E, Ao, =E AS.
E P
equatorial 4TE, (r+ P)2 areavector of surface makesan angle with
the direction of uniform electric field E,
If 1<<T, equatorial 1 bi A0 = EAS cos 0
4TtE
In vector form, A¢ =E- AS
Direction of electric field intensity (E) due to a 23.SI unit of electric flux is N-m /C and CGS unit
dipole at any point on equatorial line is is dyne-cm/stat-C.
parallel to dipole and opposite to the 24. Gauss's Law The total electric flux linked with
direction of dipole moment.
closed surface S,
17. When I<<r, asial=2 9E d S =
Eequatorial E
18. Torque on an electric dipole placed in where, gis the total charge enclosed by the
uniform electric field is given by closed gaussian (imaginary) surface.
T=pxE or T= pE sin silT825. Electric field intensity due to an infinitely
electric dipole moment, long thin straight charged wire at a
where, p =

distance7,
E =electric field
and 0 angle between p and E. T E
27tE
Minimum torque experienced by electric where, is the uniform linear charge density.
dipole in electric field, when 0
=0 or t;
26. Electric field due to a thin infinite plane
T= Tmin =0
sheet of charge with uniform surface charge
Maximum torque, when sin 0 1 0 density o at any nearby point
= TT/2, T= Tma pE E=
Dipole is in stable equilibrium
in uniform 28,
and E for thin non-conducting plate)
electric field, when angle between p
when angle
is 0° and unstable equilibrium, and (for conducting plate)
6=180
uniform
19. Net force on electric dipole placed in 27. Electric field due to two equally and
electric field is zero.
charged parallel plane sheets of
oppositely
20. Work done in rotating the electric dipole charge at any point,
from 0, to 6,, W =pE (cos 0,
-

cos 0,). E (between the two plates)

from the
Work done in rotating the dipole
to unstable and E -00 (outside the plates)
position of stable equilibrium
 Objective Questions
Multiple Choice Questions (a) 1.6x 10 1 (b) 6.25x 10
1. If a plastic rod rubbed with fur is made (c) 6.25x 1027 (d) 6.25x 10
to touch two small
pith balls suspended 6. Charge on a body is g, and it is
nearby, then which figure shows their used to
final configuration? charge another body by induction.
Charge on second body is found to bea
after charging, then
(a (b)
(a)=1
Q2
(b) e (c)s(d) 2
92
7. Force (F) between two charges varies
(c) (d)
with distance (7) between them as

FT
2. A comb
through one's dry hair
runs
attracts small bits of paper. This (a) (b)
happens because
(a) comb is a good conductor
(b) paper is a good conductor
(c) the atoms in the paper get polarised by the (c) (d)
charged comb
(d) the comb possesses magnetic properties
3. One metallic sphere A is given 8. The unit of electrical permittivity is
positive
charge whereas another identical (a) C/N-m (b) N-m/c2
metallic sphere B of exactly same mass (c) N/C (d) N-V/m
as of A is given equal amount of
9. The force of interaction between two
negative charge. Then, charges q = 6 uC and q, = 2 uC is
(a) masses of A and B still remain equal
12 N. If charge q = - 2 uC is added to
(b) mas of A increases
each of the charges, then the new force
(c) mass of B decreases
(d) mass of B increases
of interaction is
(a) 2x 10N (b) zero
4. In nature, the electric charge of any
(c) 30 N (d) 2x 10N
system is always equal to
(a) half integral multiple of the least amount of 10. A charge q is placed at the centre of the
charge line joining two equal charges Q and
(b) zero The system of the three charges will be
(c) square of the least amount of charge in equilibrium, if q is equal to
(d) integral multiple of the least amount of (a)-0/2 (b)-0/4 (c) +014 (d)+0/2
charge
11. Two point charges A and B, having
5. If the charge on the body is I nC, then
charges +Q and -Q respectively, are
how many electrons are present on the
placed at certain distance apart and
body?
CBSE New Pattern ~ Physics 12th (Term-D 05

force acting between them is F, If 25% Charge at A is in equilibrium, then the

charge of A is transferred to B, then
ratiowill be
force between the charges becomes
9F 16F
(b) (a) 1 (b) 2/2
9
(c) 2 (d)
c) (d) F

17. The force between two charges 0.06 mn

12. Two particles of equal mass m and
apart is 5 N. If each charge is moved
charge g are placed at a distance o f s towards each other by 0.04 m, then the
16 cm. They do not experience any force between them will become
force. The value of is (a) 7.20 N (b) 11.25 NN
m
(c) 22.50 N (d) 45.00 N
(a) TUEO
G
b)G 18. When the charge of a body becomes
half, the electric field becomes
(c) (d) 4Te,G (a) half (b) twice
4Tte
(c) thrice (d) No change
13. Two point charges placed at a certain
19. Forces exerted by a uniform electric
distance r in air exert a force F on each
field on an electron having mass m, and
other. Then, the distance r at which
proton of mass m, are represented as
these charges will exert the same force in
a medium of dielectric constant Kis , and F, respectively are related as
given by (a) F,=F.soioy ordi (b) me
(a)r (b) r/K m
(c) r/VK (d) rVK m
(d)
m
14. An object A has a charge of-2 uC and
the object B has a charge of +6 uC. 20. A positively charged ball hangsfroma
Which of the following is true? silk thread. We put a positive test
(b) FAB-FBA charge go at a point and measure
(a) FaB-FBA
Flq0, then it can be predicted that the
(c) 3F- (d) FaB=4FA
electric field strength E
15. Electric charges of IuC, -1uC and 24C (a)>F/q
F
B and (b)=
are placed in air at the corners A,
Crespectively of an equilateral triangle
ABC having length of each side 10 cm. (c)<F/q
(d) Cannot be estimated
The resultant force on the charge at C is
(a) 0.9 N (b) 1.8 N 21. In the diagram shown below
(c) 2.7N (d) 3.6 N
P

16. Each corner A and Chas charge q, and

on the each corner B and D, has charge
-9 of a square ABCD of side
06 CBSE New Pattern ~

Physics 12th
2th (Ton
(Term-1)
(a) field strength at point Pis less than field
strength at point 0
26. Which of the following is not a
(b) field strength at points Pand O are equal ofelectric field lines? property
(c) field is more strong at point P and less (a) Field lines are continuous curves
any breaks. without
strong at point 0
(d) cannot be determined from the figure (b) Two field lines cannot cross each other
(c) Field lines start at positive
22. Two unlike charges of the same at negative charges.
charges and end
magnitude Q are placed at a distance d. (d) They does not form closed loops.
The intensity of the electric field at the
centre of the line joining the two 27. The figure shows some of the electric
charges, 1 field lines corresponding to an electric
(b) 8 0 field. The figure suggests
(a) zeroe
4Tt E,d
60 40
(d)
2 me,dbd s lo sp 4Te d WB
d blot s
23. Two point charges +8 q and - 2g are
located 0 and x
at x =
L, respectively.
= (a) E>E>E (b) E, = Eg = Ec
The location of a point on the X-axis at (c) E =Ec >Ep (d) E =Ec <Ep
which the net electric field due to these 28. Find the correct diagram of electric
two point charges is zero, is lines of forces for
la) 8L
negative charge.
(b) 4L (c) 2 (d) L/4
24. Figure below show regular hexagons,
with charges at the vertices. In which
case, the electric field at the centre (a) (b)
zero?

(a) a (b) q

(c) (d)
-29 29 e bl-2g-
(c) a (d) q 29
-20 29 29. An electron enters uniform electric field
25. A charged particle is free to move in an maintained by parallel plates and of
electric field. It will travel value E Vm with a velocity u ms
(a) always along a line of force the plates are separated by a distance
(b) along a line of force, if its initial velocity is metre, then acceleration of the electon
zero in the field is
(c) along a line of force, if it has same initial
(a) te ( b ) e

velocity in the direction of an active angle

with the line of force
(c) te (d) Ee
(d) None of the above ma
CBSE New Pattern Physics 12th (Term-) 07

30. The given figure shows tracks of three 35. An electric dipole with dipole moment
charged particles in a uniform 4x10 C-m is aligned at 30° with the
electrostatic field. Which particle has direction of a uniform electric field of
the highest charge to mass ratio? magnitude 5 x 10* N/C. Calculate the
magnitude of the torque acting on the
dipole
(a) 10 N-m (b) 4x10 N-m
(c) 10 N-m (d) 10x10 N-m
36. The dipole moment of a dipole in an
uniform external field E is p, then the
torque (t acting on the dipole is
(00 T=pxE (b) T=p-E
>X
(c) T=2(p +E) (d) T=(p +E)
(a)1 io snil siim (b) 2 TT
(c) 3 be(d) All are equal 37. An electric dipole is placed in an
uniform electric field with the dipole
31. Charges t 20 nC are separated by axis making an angle 0 with the
5 mm. Calculate the magnitude of direction of the electric field. The
dipole moment. orientation of the dipole for stable
(a) 10 cm (b) 10 cm equilibrium is
(c) 2x10 cm (d) 10 cm (a) t/6 (b) Tt/3
(c) 0 (d)t/2
32. Electric charges g,g,-2g are placed at
the c o r n e r s of an equilateralA ABC of 38. Electric flux emanating through a
side L. The magnitude of electric dipole surface element dS = 5 i placed in an
moment of the system is electric field E = 4i +4j + 4kis
(a) q (b) 2qer 9 (a) 10 units (b) 20 units
(c) 3q o (d) 4q
(c) 4 units (d) 16 units
33. What is the angle between the electric
39. What is the nature of gaussian surface
dipole moment and the electric fieldline? involved in Gauss's law of
strength due to it o n the equatorial
electrostatics?
(a) 0 (a) Scalar (b) Electrical
(b) 90° (d) Vector
(c) Magnetic
(c) 180
(d) None of the above 40.The gaussian surface for calculating the
electric field due to a charge
34. Let electric field due to a
E, be the distribution is
l and let
dipole in its axial plane distant (a) any surface near the charge distribution
E, be the field in the equatorial plane (b) always a sphericalsurface
then the relation between
distant ' , (c) a symmetrical closed surface containing
E, and E, will be the charge distribution, at every point of
(a) E, =4E (b) E=2E, which electricfield has a single fixed value
(c) E, =2E, (d) E,=3E (d) None of the above
08 CBSE New Pattern~ Physics 12th
(Tem)
41. Flux coming from a unit positive
out (a) in Fig. (iv) is the largest
charge enclosed in air is (b) in Fig.(i) is the least
(a) e (b) (e,(c) (47te,) (d) (c) in Fig.(i)is same as ig. (i), but is smalle
4Te than Fig.(iv) aller
42. A charge q is placed at the
point of (d) is the same for all the
figures
intersection of body diagonals of a
cube. The electric flux 46. Eight dipoles of charges of magnitude
passing through each
any one of its face is are placed inside a cube.
electric flux coming out of the The total
(CBSE SQP 2020)
(b) Sg (c) q cube wil
(d) be
Ep 3e
43. The electric flux through
(a) de
(b) 16e
a
closed Eg
gaussian surface depends upon e
(d) zero
(CBSE Delhi 2020)
(a) net charge enclosed and permittivity of the 47. Two parallel infinite line
medium charges +
(b) net charge enclosed, permittivity of the and -are placed with a
medium and the size of the separation
distance Rin free space. The net
surface
Gaussian
electric field exactly mid-way between
(c) net charge enclosed only the two line charges is
(d) permittivity of the medium only
(a) zero (b) 22
44. A point charge + 10uC is at a distance TCER
5 cm
directly above the centre of a (c) (d)
square of side 10 cm, as shown in TCER 2TteR
figure. What is the magnitude of the 48. Two plates each having an area A are
electric flux through the square?
5 cm
kept parallel to each other at a short
distance d. They carry charges +Q and
Q, respectively. The electric field in
the space between the plates will be
(a) 0/e,A (b) eA/0-d
(c) E0/A-d (d) 0/2E,A
-10 cm 49. An infinite line charge produces a field
of 18 x 10 N/C at 0.02 m. The linear
a) zero (b) 18x10 Nm C charge density is
(c) 18x10 Nm'C (d) 18x10 Nm'C a) 2x10 C/m
45. The electric flux (b) 10 C/m
through the surface (c) 10' C/m
(NCERT Exemplar) (d)10 C/m
50. A long cylindrical wire carries a
positive charge of linear density . A
+q electron(- e, m) revolves arounditin
Circular path under the influence otthe
(i) ii) (iv) attractive electrostatic force.
CRSE New Pattern~ Physics 12th (Term-D 09

The speed of electron is (b) By convention, the charge on an electron is

(a) voc r0 (b) v cr
onaA taken to be negative.
(c) The fact that electric charge is alwaysan
(c) vo (d) vo1 integral multiple ofe is termed as
quantisation of charge.
51. Electrification by rubbing two bodies (d) The quantisation of charge was
together is due to transference of experimentally demonstrated by Newton in
... from one body to the other. 1912.
(a) ions (b) electrons 57. The spatial distribution of the electric
(c) holes (d) positrons field due to charges (4, B) is shown in
figure. Which one of the following
52. The point charges each equal to 1C
statements is correct?
exert a force......... mutually when
they are placed Im apart in air.
(a) 10 N (b) 9 x10 N
(c) 100 N (d) 9x10N A

53. Two spheres have their surface charge

densities in the ratio of 2:3 and their
(a) Ais positive and B is negative [Al>|BL
radii 3: 2. The ratio of the charges on
them is (b) A is negative and B is positive lAl =1BL
(c) Both are positive but A>B.
(a) 3:2 (b)4:2 (c)2:3 (d)2:4
(d) Both are negative but A>B.
54. An electric charge q is placed at one of
the corners of a cube of side a. The 58. Figure shows electric field lines in
electric flux on one of its faces will be dwhich an electric dipole P is placed as
*** shown. Which of the following
(b) 9 statements is correct? (NCERT Exemplar)
a) E,ao092

(d) 9 t oo l
(c)
24E A 20
55. According the Gauss's theorem, electric +p
ield of an infinitely long straight wire is
inversely proportional to...

(a) distance (a)The dipole will not experience any force.

(b) diameter (b) The dipole will experience a force
(c)radius o eMnolhosA 8 towards right.
) surface charge density
(c)The dipole will experience a force
towards left.
56. Which of the following statement(s) (d) The dipole will experience a force upwards.
is/are incorrect regarding the point

charge? 59.Match the Column I (electric lines of

is always given by force) with Column II (types of charge)
(a) The charge q on a body
positive or and select the correct answer from the
q =ne, where n is any integer,
negative. codes given below.
10
CBSE New Pattern Physics 12th rm
2th (Termy

Column I Column II
A
P A pair of Assertion/Reasoning MCOs
equal and For question numbers 61 to
76, two
opposite statements are given-one
charges labelled
Assertion (A) and the other
Reason (R). Select the labelled
B A pair of these questions from thecorrect answer to
codeles (a), (6),
and (d) are as given below
positive (c)
charges (a) Both A and R are true and R
is the
correct explanation of A.

C. (b) Both A and R are true but R is

A single correct explanation of A. not the
positive (c) A is true but R is false.
charge (d) A is false and R is also false.
D. 61. Assertion When we
S. A single produce charge q,
negative
on a
body by rubbing it against another
charge body which gets
a
charge q, in the
Codes process, then q, + 9, = 0.
A BCD A B CD Reason Charge on an isolated system
(a)p (b)rq P S remains constant.
(c) r s p (d) r s 62. Assertion When
P charges are shared
60. Match the Column I between any two bodies, then no
(type of
Column II (electric field) and body)
with charge is really lost but some loss of
select the
correct answer from the codes energy does occur.
given Reason Some energy
below. disappears in the
form of heat,
ColumnhI
sparking, etc.
Column II 63.
A.
Assertion At macroscopic level,
Infinite plane P
sheet of charge quantisationofcharge has no practical
27TET consequence and can be ignored.
B. Infinite plane Reason 1uC charge contains 10h times
sheet of uniform
thickness
2E0 electronic charge e approximately.
Infinitely long I. O 64. Assertion Mass of a body does not
uniformly charged Eo decreases, when it is
straight wire negatively
charged.
Codes
Reason Charging is not mainly due to
AB C o t o ) sc dlhd 02 transfer of electrons.
(a) q p uule 7rury fertol he
65. Assertion The gravitational force 15
(b)r q p nr b dominating force in the universe.
(c) p r g ker
Reason The coulomb force is
(d) q p
than the gravitational force.
 RSE New Pattern Physics 12th (Term-) 11

66. Assertion
At
the centre of the line 73. Assertion If a dipole is enclosed by a
ioining two equal and opposite charges, surface, then according to Gauss's law,
E =0. electric flux linked with it will be zero.
Reason At the centre of the line joining Reason The charge enclosed by a
two equal and similar charge, E #0. surface is zero.

74. Assertion In a region, where

67, Assertion A point charge is brought in uniform electric field exists, the net
an electric field, then electric field at a
nearby point may increase or decrease. charge within volume of any size is
zero.
Reason The electric field is dependent
on the nature of charge. Reason The electric flux within any
closed surface in a region of uniform
68. Assertion Acceleration of charged electric field is zero.
particle in non-uniform electric field does 75. Assertion Upon displacement of
not depend on velocity of charged
particle. diueib charges within a closed surface, E at
any point on the surface does change.
Reason Charge is an invariant quantity.
Reason The flux crossing through a
69. Assertion Electric lines of force cross closed surface is dependent on the
each other. location of charge within the surface.
Reason Electric field at a point does not
76. Assertion E in outside vicinity of a
superimposes to give one resultant
conductor depends only on the local
electric field. charge density o and it is independent
70. Assertion Away from a charge field lines b o f the other charges present anywhere
weaker and density of field lines is on the conductor.
gets
less, resulting in well separated lines. Reason E in outside vicinity of a
20
Reason Only a finite number of lines conductor is given by
can be drawn from a charge.

11. Assertion On going away from a small Case Based MCOs

electric dipole, electric field decreases. Direction Answer the questions from
Reason Electric field is inversely S8 77-81 on the following case.
distance from
proportional to square of
Electric Charges
an electric dipole.
physical property of matter that in an
causes
The
12. Assertion In a non-uniform electric it toexperience a force when placed
a dipole will have translatory
as electric
field, electromagnetic field is called
well as rotatory motion,
charge. Electric charge is a characteristic g
electric field, that accompanies
fundamental particles,
Reason In non-uniform wherever they exist.
dipole experiences torque only.d
(CBSE SQP 2021)
12 CBSE New Pattern Physics 12th (Ton
erm-l)
The process of charging a neutral (b) decreases slightly by a factor of
body by
bringing a charged body nearby it without 9.11x10 kg
making contact between the two bodies is (c) remains the same
known as charging by induction. (d) may increase of decrease

Figures given below are showing the 81. The value of charge on a
body which
sequential steps of charging a conductor carries 30 excess electrons is
permanently by using the process of charging (a)-4.8x10- C (b) 48x10-C
by induction. (c)-4x10- C (d) 48 x10c
Direction Answer the questions from
82-86 on the following case.

Charge between Parallel Plates

Surface charge density is defined as the
Fig. (a) Fig. (b) Fig. (o) charge per unit surface area of surface charge
distribution. i.e. dq
o = -
77. When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, it dS
becomes positively charged because Two large, thin metal plates are parallel and
(a) protons are transferred to silk close to each other. On their inner faces, the
plates have surface charge densities of
(b) electrons are transferred to silk pposite signs having magnitude of
(c) protons are added to it
(d) electrons are added to ittmoenAe 17.0 x10 Cm as shown below
78. Which of the following method can be
used to charge a metal sphere positively
without touching it?
(a) Connect the positive terminal of battery
and float the other end of battery.
The intensity of electric field
(b) Rub it with a piece of fur. at a
pointis
(c) Bring a negatively charged rod near it and
touch it to ground for some time. E-
(d) Rub it with a piece of
silk.bnG ons3 where, E permittivity of free space.
79. We have two bodies with charge g, and
82. E in the outer region of the first plate
9 on them, then 9, tg F0, signify, (a)17x1022 N/C (b)1.5x105 N/C
(a) q, and q, are equal charges
(b) q, and q, are equal charges with opposite (c)1.9x10 N/C (d) zero
signs 83. E in the olate
(c)g, and4, are equal charges with same signs
outer region of the second
is
(d) q, and q, are not equal charges
80. If an object is positively charged,
(a)17x10N/C (b)1.5 x10N/C
(c)1.9 x10 N/C (d) zeros
theoretically, the mass of the object 84. E between the plates is
(a) increases slightly by a factor of (b)15 x10 N/C
9.11x10 kg (a) 17x102NIC
(c)19 x10 N/C (d) zero
CBSE New Pattern~ Physics 12th (Term-D
85. The ratio of E from right side of plate B
at distances 2 cm and 4 cm,
is
respectively
(a)1:2 (b)2:1
(c)1:1 (d)1:2
86. In order to estimate the electric field
due to a thin finite plane metal
the gaussian surface considered is
plate,
(a) spherical (b]cylindrical
(c) straight line (d) None of these
Direction Answer the questions from
87-91 on the following case.
Electric Field Lines
An electric field line in general is a curve
drawn in such a way that the tangent to it at
each point is in the direction of the electric
field at that point. A field line is a space
Curve, i.e. a curve in three dimensions.
Electric field lines are thus used to
map the electric field around a charge or a
configuration of charges.
lo di
Field lines showing electric
field of a point charge
The density of field lines is more near the
charge. Away from the charge, the field is
weak, so the density of field lines is less.
87. Electric field lines always move from
(a) higher to lower potential
(b) lower to higher potential
(c)infinity to zero potential
(d) None of the above
13
88. Choose the correct statement
regarding
electric lines of force.
(a) Emerges from negative charge and meet at
positive charge.
(b) A closely spaced region of electric lines of
force represents strong electric field.
(c) Representation of field lines for a point
charge and a solid sphere are same. b
(d) They have physical nature.
89. The spacing between two electric field
lines indicates its
(a) charge
(b) position
(c) strength
(d) None of the above
90. The electric field lines of a negatively
d charged particle are
(a) radial and outwards
(b) radial and inwards
(c) circular and anticlockwise
pictorially (d) circular and clockwise s a
91. What kind of charges are of 1, 2 and 3?
Te
1 80 (a) q,=-ve, q =-Ve, q,-ve
(b) q-ve, q2 =+ ve, q,=+ Vve
(c) q + ve, q2 =-ve,q, =-ve
(d)q,=+ ve, q2 =+ ve, q, + ve
Direction Answer the
questions from
92-96 on the following case.
Electric Dipole
An electric dipole is a pair of point charges
with equal magnitude and opposite in sign
separated by a very small distance.
14 CBSE New Pattern Physies 12th tto

The mid-point of locations of-g and q is 96. What are the dimensions of
called the centre of the dipole. moment?
dipole
O Centre of dipole (a) [ILT1 (b) fiLT"
(o) [IL'T) (d) fiT)
The strength of an electric dipole is measured Direction Answer the questions from
by a vector quantity known as electric 97-101 on the following case.
dipole moment (p) which is the product of Faraday Cage
A Faraday cage or Faraday shield is an
the charge (9) and separation between the
charges (2). enclosure made of a conducting material. The
In most molecules, the centres of positive fields within a conductor cancel out with any
charges and of negative charges lie at the external fields, so the electric field within the
same place, hence their dipole moment is enclosure is zero.
zero. e.g. CO,, CH,. However, they develop a These Faraday cages act as big hollow
dipole moment when an electric field is conductors. You can put things to shield them
applied. But some molecules have permanent from electrical fields, Any electrical shocks
dipole moment. e.g. H,O which are called the cage receives, pass harmlessly around the
polar molecules. If the centre of mass of outside of the cage. (CBSE SQP 2021)
positive charges coincides with the centre of
mass of negative charges, the molecule
behaves as a non-polar molecule.
92. Dipoles in an electric field undergo
(a) magnetism (b) electromagnetism
(c) magnetisation (d) polarisation
93. Calculate the distance (in units)
between two charges of 4C each
forming a dipole with a dipole moment
97. Which of the following material can be
of 6 units.
(a) 1 (b) 1.5 (c) 2 (d) 2.5 used to make a Faraday cage?
(a) Plastic (b) Glass
94. The dipole moment of two equal (c) Copper (d) Wood
charges 2C separated by a distance of
2cm is 98. Example of a real-world Faraday cage
is
(a) 0.02 C-m
(a) car (b) plastic box
(b) 0.04 C-m
(c) 0.06 C-m (o) lightning rod (d) metal rod

(d) 0.08 C-m 99. What the electrical force inside a

is
95. Dipole moments are used to calculate Faraday cage, when it is struck by
the lightning?
(a) electric field intensity (a) The same as the lightning9
(b) polarisation pattern (b) Half that of the lightning
(c) strength of the dipole in the field (c) Zero
(d) susceptibility (d) A quarter of the lightning
CBSE New Pattern ~ Physics12th (Term-D 15

100. An isolated point charge + q is placed with surface of 9 cm edge. The number
inside the Faraday cage. Its surface of electric field lines passing through
the cube normally will be
must have charge equal to
(a) 1.9x10 N-m'/C, entering the surface
(a) zero (b)+q (b) 1.9x10 N-m /C, leaving the surface
(c)-q (d) +2g
(c) 2.01x10 N-m C, leaving the surface
101. A point charge of 2C is placed at centre (d) 2.01x10 N-m /C, entering the surface
of Faraday cage in the shape of cube

ANSWERS
Multiple Choice Questions
6. (d) 7. () 8. (a) 9 (b) 10. (b)
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (b)
15. (b) 16. (b)17. b) 18. (a)19. (a) 20. (a)
11. (a) 12. (d) 13. (c) 14. b)
23. (c) 24. (a) 25. b) 26. (d) 27. (c) 28. (c) 29 (b)30. (c)
21. () 22. (b)
36. (a) 37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (d) 40. ()
31. (b) 32. (C) 33. (c)34. (c) 35. (a)
44. (d) 45. (d) 46 (d) 47. (b) 48. (a) 49 (a) 50 (a)
41. (b) 42. (a) 43. (a)
56 (d) 57. (a) 58. (c) 59 (d) 60 (a)
51. b) 52. b) 53. (a) 54. (d) 55. (a)

Assertion/Reasoning MCOs
65. (c) 66. (d) 67. (a) 68. (b) 69. (d) 70. (c)
61. (a) 62. (b) 63. (c) 64. (d)
73. (a) 74. (a) 75. (d) 76. (d)
71. (C) 72. (c)

Case Based MCOs 83. (d) 84. (c) 85. (c) 86. (b)
80. (b) 81. (a) 82. (d)
77. b) 78. (c) 79. b)
90. (b) 91. (c) 92. (d) 93 (b) 94 (b) 95 (b) 96. (a)
87. (a) 88. (b) 89. (c)
98. (a) 99. (c) 100. () 101. (c)
97. (c)
 sOLUTIONS
1. When a plastic rod is rubbed with fur, an 7. According to Coulomb's law, forcee herbetween
electric charge is developed in it. On two point charges, i.e.
touching this rod to pith balls, these charges FooTherefore,the
are transferred from the rod to the pith ball graph between F and r will be as
shownn
in contact. As the charge on both pith balls is option (c).
same, so they repel each other with samne 8. From Coulomb's law,
force.
Thus, figure given in option (b) shows final
F=
F 4E a
configuration.
2. When a comb runs through one's dry hair, Electrical permittivity,
9192 CxC
then comb gets charged. If it then comes E
4T x Fxr Nxm
close to the paper, it induces opposite
charges on paper. The field due to the Unit of electrical permittivity =C/N-m
charges on comb, polarises the atoms in the 9. Here, g =(6-2) uC
paper. Finally due to the induction of
charges, it attracts the paper. and g=(2-2)HC
3. When a body is negatively charged, more New force, F =kq,g, /
electrons are given to it, so its mass increases. 1 (6-2) (2-2 10"-
So, this is the reason due to which mass of
sphere B increases when it is given equal
amount of negative charge. 10. Consider the situation shown in figure below
4. If the charge of an electron is taken as
elementary unit, i.e. quanta of charge, so the
charge on any body will be some integral
multiple of the charge on electron, i.e. q =ne, For the system to be in equilibrium,

where n 1, 2 3... ande is the elementary

charge on electron. 4TtE 4Te (2x)
5. Given, q=1 nC= 1x 1x 10C 9=-Q/4
1. The force between two point charges A and
:1 nC= 1x 10 *C)
e= 1.6x I0 "C havingcharges +Q and -Q respectively
and
placed at a certain distance r,
From the property of quantisation charge,
F-QRa_kQ(-Q).-
n=l=_Ix10-

e1.6x10 19 where, k = constant

= 0.625x 10x 10 4TtE
0.625x 100 When 25% charge of A is transferred to
D
then new amount of charge on A and
6.25x 10 respectively becomes
6. After charging by induction, the charge on
the other (second) body will be less or almost
equal to the charge on the first body.
Q'100 )-e
Numerically, 9, 24, 21 '-100+ 100
4
CBSE New Pattern Physics 12th (Term-D 17

-e-e)-e Therefore, equations of force is given by

Fa 1 ()
So, the force between the two charges now
becomeS, FAnATte
1 42 a-FaA
4TCE
15. Let F = force on charge at C due to charge
9kQ 9 at A,
162 16 Ifrom Eq.
Thus, the new force between the charges is FA
(9/16) times the initial force between the

charges.
+2uC)120
12. They will not experience any force, if
Fol-|F od S
Gm 1
4TtE +1 4C 10 cm
- 1 uC
A

m
= 4Te, G
x2x10
g/m-4ne,G F=9x 10°x (10 x10)2 = 1.8 N

13. Force exerted between two point charges in Similarly, F, = force on point C due to

air, charge at B
F= I 9 2 F =9 x10° 10x2x 10 1.8 N
4TE,T (10x10 )
So, force exerted between two point charges Net force on C,
in a medium of dielectric constant K,
F E + (F"+2F,F, cos 120
F'= 9192
4TtE K(r) 2 = y(18) +(18 +218)18)(-1/2) = 18 N
where, r is the distance.
16.
Given, F=F

9192 9192
4TTE,r 4TEK(r
1
K(
=K(r) B
r=K -d2
For equilibrium condition,
Eat Fa + Fc = 0
14. Vector form of Coulomb's law states that "F
and F are equal and opposite".
cos 45++ . cos 45
4TtE 4TtE
Since, f and fas are unit vectors pointing in 1
have =0
opposite direction, we
FAB-FaA
4tE(2
18 CBSE New Pattern Physics
sics 12th
12th (Tem
(

2 c o 1992
s 2cos 45 Electric field at centre (B) due to + 0
47TE 21 47Te E, ATE(d/2
- 4 cos 45
Similarly, electric field due to
-Q charge
-4x2/2 E,
4Te, (d/2)
17. According to Coulomb's law, Therefore, net electric field at point,
E =E, +E,
F 40
140
0.04
4 47TE d 4TtE
1 8Q
0.06
4TE d2
. Force between two charges, F, =11.25 N
23. The net electric field will be zero at a point
18. Electric field is directly proportional to the outside the charges and near the charges
charge. which is smaller in magnitude.
So, when the charge of the body becomes
half, then the electric field becomes half. +89
19. The force (F) on charge g due to electric P
field E is F X=L
strength =
qE
Charge on electron and proton is same.
Here, E is uniform, hence F, =F. Suppose electric field is zero at P as shownin
the above figure.
20. Due to presence of test charge g, infront of
positively charged ball, there would be a Hence, atP,
redistribution of charge on the ball. In the 8q K:(2)
redistribution of charge, there will be less (L+0
charge on front half surface and more charge l=L
on the back half surface. So, distance of P from origin is L +L = .
As a result, the net force F between ball and
24. In the option (a), the fields due to chargesal
charge will decrease, i.e. the electric field is
the opposite corners cancel each other. So,
decreased. Thus, actual electric field will be this case, net electric field at the centre will
greater than F/ go
be zero.
i.e. E'

21. Area of points P and Q are equal but more

lines pass through area at point P. So, field is
more stronger at point P as compared to
point Q
22. Two equal and opposite charges are placed at 25. Electric field E points along the tangent
a distance d. the lines of force. If initial velocity is zero
then due to the force, it moves in the

d/2 direction of E.
+O OUs

26. Electric field lines does not form contue

closed loops and they have continuous
B
without any break.
CBSE New Pattern ~ Physics 12th (Term-D 19

27. At point A and C, electric field lines are Net dipole moment,
dense and equally spaced, so E, Ec. =
P p + p+2ppcos60
While at B, they are far apart.

E =E>E,
=V3p cos 60-5
= V3 g p=q
28. For negative charge, direction of electric field
lines will be always towards the charge. i.e. it 33. The electric dipole moment is a vector
starts from positive charges and end at
quantity whose direction is along the axis of
negative charges. Hence, option () is correct. the dipole pointing from the negative charge
29. Here, electric force is given by to the positive charge.
F=- eE Electric
But, we know that, F =ma field
From Eqs. (6) and (i), (E)
ma =-eE
eE
a
m
Electric
where, a is acceleration of electron, E is the +g dipole
electric field and m is the mass of electron. moment

30. As, the deflection in the path of a charged The direction of electric field is from positive
particle is directly proportional to the charge to negative charge. As it is clear from
charge/mass ratio. the figure, the direction of electric field intensity
at a point on the equatorial line of the dipole is
i.e.
m
opposite to the direction of dipole moment
Here, the deflection in particle 3 is Hence, angle between them is 180.
maximum, so the charge to mass ratioof
3 is maximum. 34. Intensity of electric field at a point on the
particle
axis of dipole is given by
31. Given, g, = g, = t 20 nC

=t 20 x10C E, N/C
Distance = 2a = 5 mm
where, p is dipole moment.
= 5x10 m
Intensity of electric field at a point on the
Dipole moment, equatorial line of dipole is given by
p=g(2a)
20 x10' x5x10 E, N/C
= 10 cm Dividing Eq. () by Eq (i), we get
32.

pne E. =26,
35. Given, dipole moment,
P 60 p 4 x10" Cm
2q Electric field, E = 5x 10' N/C
20 CBSE New Pattern~ Physics 12th
(Term Term-l)
Angle between electric feld and the dipole
moment, 8-30

-
=(e)
42. From Gauss's law, total outward flux throueh
Torque applied on a dipole in the electric a closed surface, o -
Seld, t=pxE= pEsin e
x5x10*
20 x 10 where, g charge enclosed by the gaussian
=

-4 x10 x sin 30 = surface.

= 10 'N-m As, the surface is cubical, it has 6 faces.
The direction of torque is perpendicular to Flux through one face, =
both electric field and dipole moment. 6e
36. Torque (t) acting on the dipole in an uniform 43. According to the Gauss's law, the net electric
flux through any closed Gaussian surface is
external field E
equal to the net charge enclosed by it divided
T= bather force x Perpendicular distance
by permittivity of the medium.
=
qE x 2a sin 6 =
(g x 2a) x E sin 8
= pE sin 8 or t p x E Mathematically, = E.dS =
37. For stable equilibrium, the angle 0 should be This law is true for any closed surface, no
zero. matter what is its shape or size.
44. A point charge + 10 uC is at a distance 5 cm
pET-pE
= 0
sin 9 above the centre of a square of side 10 cm is
shown below

38. Given, E =4i + 4j+ 4k

and dS=5i
-E-ds
o-(4i4+4k)-(5i)
5 cm
o=20 units
38. The Gauss's law in electrostatic given a 10 cm
relation between electric flux through any Given, =10uC
closed hypothetical surface (called a gaussian =10x10 C
surface) and the charge enclosed by the
According to Gauss's theorem, the total flax
surface.
enclosed,
So, the nature of gaussian surface is vector.
40. The gaussian surface for calculating the
electric field due to a charge distribution is a
The flux enclosed by one face of
symmetical closed surface containing the square
(L/6) of total flux (because the cube has
charge distribution, at every point of which
electric field has a single fixed value. square shaped faces)
The flux linked with each face,
41. Given that, charge, g = +1c
from Eg
From Gauss's law, corzesponding tlux,
CBSENew Pattern Physics 12th (Term-)
21

10x 10
E, =a/2,
68.854x 10 E, and E, has same directíon.
1.88x 10 Nm'C Resultant field,
Thus, the fux linked with the square is
E-E, + E,
1.88x 10' Nm'C
45. Gauss's law of electrostatics states that, the Surface density of charge on any charged
total of the electric flux out of a closed surface is
surface is equal to the charge enclosed (0)
G =Q/A
divided by the permittivity of free space E Electric field, E =Q/t,A
Electricflux= 49. Linear charge density,
2.
Thus, electríc flux through a surface does not
depend on the shape, size and area of a
E 2re 4
surface but it depends on the number of Or Ex4E,
charges enclosed by the surface. 2
So, here in this question, all the figures same
electric flux as all of them has single positive
=18x10 x10 0.02
2
charge. =2x10 Cm
46. Net charge of one dipole =- t+t=0 50. Electric field at perpendicular distance r,
Net charges of 8 dipoles =8 x0=0
Net charge inside cube, g=0
By Gauss's law, total flux emerging from em

surface, =L= Y=o

47. According to Gauss's theorem, 6=

Electric force on electron, F = eE

or E-2nR xl- To move in circular path, necessary

E centrípetal force is provided by electric force.
Electric field in mid-way due to both lines, mu
21te,
E- R/2 2 Hence, speed of the electron,
2
E=
Te, R
2Te m
48. Electric field intensity due to first plate, 51. Electrification by rubbing two bodies
E, =G/2, together is due to the transference of
electrons from one body to the other.
52. According to Coulomb's law, F -
4Te,r
Here, 9,-9 -1C
1=Im
kxlx1

(0
Similarly, electric field intensity due to
F-k =9x10" N
second plate,
 CBSE New Pattern Physics
(Term-)
22
with increase in the space between the
53. As, a = electric field lines.
4Ttr
As a result, force on charges also decreases
where, o is surface charge density and r is
from left to right.
radius.
Thus, the force on charge -g is greater than
force on charge +g which in turn will
Given, 2
experience a force towards left.
59 A. Electric lines of forces emerge from a
single positive charge and goes to infinity
B. Electric lines of forces enter into a single
negative charge coming from infinity.
C. Electric lines of forces are repelled away,
when they are produced by the pair of
54. When charge q is placed at one corner, the
flux through each of the three faces melting
positive charge.
D. The electric line of forces produced by a
at this corner will be zero, as E is parallel to
pair of equal and opposite charges.
these faces. One-eight of the flux emerging
from charge g passes through the remaining
Hence, A1, B s , Cq, DpP
three faces, so the flux through each such 60. A. Electric field due to a infinite sheet of
face is charge is E =
280
x-11
3 8 e 24 B. Electric field due to infinitely long
uniformly charged straight wire is
55. Electric field, E 2

TE, E-
27teT
E C. Electric field due to non infinite plane
sheet of uniform thickness is E =
So, directly proportional to surface
E is
charge density and inversely to the distance Hence, A 9 , B >r, C->p.
between the wire and the point at which E is
obtained.
61. When we produce charge q, on a body by
a
56. The statement (d) is incorrect and it can be rubbing it against another body which gets
in the process, then q, and q boln
corrected as, charge g,
are equal in magnitude but opposite in
The quantisation of charge was first suggested
polarities. Hence, 0.
by the experimental laws of electrolysis q, +9 =

stem
This is because charge on an isolated
discovered by English expermentalist
remains constant.
Faraday. It was experimentally demonstrated
and RS
by Millikan in 1912. Rest statements are Therefore, both A and R are true

correct. the correct explanation of A.

lost
B
57. Electric lines of force usually start (i.e. 62. Charge is always conserved but energy
diverge out) from positive charge and end in the form of heat.
i.e. converge) on negative charge or extends Therefore, both A and R are true but K
to infinity. Thus, A is positive charge and B is not the correct explanation of A.
negative charge, Also, density of lines at A is s ol
O9. At macroscopic level, we deal with charges
more than that at B, i.e. | A|>|B|. 100

order 1 uC =10 "C, which has

t0
58. The space between the electríc field lines is 16 x

increasing, here from left to right and due to =

0.625 x
10=10 charges.
which, the strength of electric field decreases
 CBSE New Pattern ~ Physics 12th (Term-D
Addition of a few hundred of e charges do
not make any physically observable effect on
attraction or repulsion, so quantisation can be
ignored.
Therefore, A is true but R is false.
64. A body acquire charge by the transferof
electrons. When a body acquire negative
charge by gaining more electrons, then its
mass increases slightly from its neutral state.
Therefore, A is false and R is also false.
65. Gravitational force is the dominating and
weakest force in universe. Also, coulomb
force>gravitational force.
Therefore, A is true but R is false.
66. For two equal and opposite charges, electric
field will be non-zero. As, the field has some
finite value. On the other hand, electric field
for two equal and similar charges will
become zero as the direction of field between
them is in opposite directions. So, net field is
zero.
Therefore, A is false and R is also false.
67. Electric field at the nearby point will be
resultant of existing field and field due to the
point charge. It may increase o r decrease, if
the charge is positive or negative depending
on the position of the point with respect to
the point charge.
and R is
Therefore, both A and R are true
the correct explanation of A.
68. Acceleration of a charged particle in
field is ==L
non-uniform electric a Therefore, both A and R are true and R is
As, E also changes, but it does
changes, a not
depends on the velocity of the charged
particle
Charge is invariant quantity.
but R is
Therefore, both A and R are true
not correct explanation of A.
69, If electric lines of force cross each other, then
the electric field at the point of intersection
which
will have two direction simultaneously
is not possible physically
The resultant electric field at any point is
electric fields at
equal to the vector sum of
that point due to various charges.
23
Therefore, A is false and R is also false.
70. Electric field due to a point charge is E =
So, if the distance from the field increases, it's
strength decreases and it will be less dense.
Also, there are infinite number of electric lines
of forces that can be drawn from the charge.
Therefore, A is true but R is false.
71. In case of an electric dipole, electric field,
decreases rapidly, as E «1/r.
Therefore, A is true but R is false.
72. In a non-uniform electric field, dipole
experiences both force as well as torque.
Thus, it will have translatory as well as
rotatory motion.
Therefore, A is true but R is false.
73. If a dipole is enclosed by a surface as shown
in figure
+0
Then, Qenciosed
0 from Gauss's law)
Therefore, both A and R are true and R is
the correct explanation of A.
74. Flux, =
If a closed body, is placed in an electric field
(either uniform or non-uniform), total flux
linked with it will be zero.
i.e. P0 =0
the correct explanation of A.
75. Due to displacement of charge within a
closed surface, E at any point may change.
But net flux crossing the surface will not
change. The flux crossing through a closed
surface is independent of the location of
charge within the surface, as it is same
everywhere on its surface.
Therefore, A is false and R is also false.
76. E in outside vicinity of conductor surface
depends on all the charges present in the
space and its expression is E =
Therefore, A is false and R is also false.
 CBSE New Pattern Physics 12thth m
24 (Terml

77. On rubbing, the negative charge electrons of 84. In region II, the electric field
the glass rod get transferred to the silk cloth
and hence it becomes positively charged.
E-E-E, 2
78. Charging without touching is possible only = ora,
by induction. So, if a negatively charged rod
is placed near the sphere, then it attracts 17.0x10-
positive charge inside the sphere towards its 8.85x 1012
side and the negative charge to other side,
which is earthed by connecting with ground. E 1.92 x 10 NC
85. Since, electric field due to an infinite-plans
79. 9+9 =0, signifies that the net charge on the
sheet of charge does not depend on the
system is zero.
distance of observation point from the plan
This is possible only, if g, and g, are equal for the given
but opposite in signs.
sheet of charge. So,
the ratio of E will be 1:1.
istance
80. When an object is positively charged, it loses 86. In order estimate the electric field due t
to
some of its electrons. The mass of an electron thin finite plane metal plate, we take a
is 9.11 x10 kg, so the positively charged cylindrical cross-sectional area A and lengh
body loses electrons and its mass decreases 2r as the gaussian surface.
by a factor of 9.11 x10 kg.
87. In electrostatics, the direction of field lines i
81. Given, n = 30
always from higher potential to lower
Charge of electron, e =-16 x 10C potential.
Charge on body, g =ne = 30 x 16 x 10 88. The electric field in a region is strong when
:- 4.8 x10- C the electric lines of force in that region are
82. There are two plates A and B having surface closely spaced.
charge densities o
= 17.0x 107 C/m on A 89. The spacing between field lines indicates is
and o -17.0x 10 C/m on B strength. So, if the field lines are closely
respectively. spaced, the intensity of the electric field wil
be more.
90. The electric field lines emerge from a
positive charge and appears to meet at

EA EA negative charge. So, for a negative char

OA O8 the electric field lines will be radial and
EA Es Es
directed inwards.
E 91. Electric field lines start from posiave c
and end at negative charge.

According to Gauss's theorem, if the plates So, 9+ve, g =- ve and g, =-Ve

have same surface charge density but having 92. Dipoles in an electric field undergognment
opposite signs, then the electric field in polarisation. It is the process of alig
the
region I is zero. dipole moments in accordance wi
electric field.
E,-E,+E,2 2 0 93. Given, q = 4 C and p =6 units

83. The electric field in region II is also zero. p=qxd d=E= =1.5units
E - E , t+ E,
94. Given, g=2C
d =2 cm = 0.02 m
p=qxd =
2 x 0.02 =0.04 C-m
CBSE New Pattern ~ Physics 12th (Term-D 25
So, the charge on the surface must be - q
95. Dipoles are used to calculate the polarisation
patterns based on the applied field. 101. As, the cube is a closed surface, so according
to Gauss's law, the electric flux or number
of
96. Dipole moment, p=q xd
electric field lines passing through its surface
Iml= [ITL] normally are
97. As Faraday cage is made ofa conducting
material and copper is the only conducting
material in given option. So, copper is used
to make a Faraday cage. Here, 9-2C
and e, = permittivity of free space,
98. Car is an example of a real-world Faraday
cage, as it is made of metal body, which isa 8.85 x10" C'N'm
hollow conduction and can shield from 2
0-E 0.226x10" N-m'/c
electric shock.
O 8.85x10
99. As the electric field inside a Faraday cageis It is leaving the surface of cube.
zero, so no electric force will act inside it is The 2 C charge is impractical value.
zero. 2uC, then
if we take, q
o s io So,
=

100. The charge distribution is as shown 2x10

E 8 85 x 10-12

= 0.225 x10 N-m/C

or 226 x10 N-m/C

which is close to 20 x 10* Nm /C as in
Faraday cage
option (c)