STP MATHEMATICS

N A T I O N A L C U R R I C U L U M

9A

ANSWERS

L BOSTOCK S CHANDLER
TS

A SHEPHERD E SMITH
IR EST
EN
EM
QU AT
RE E L
UM TH
UL S
IC VER
RR CO
CU
STP MATHEMATICS
N A T I O N A L C U R R I C U L U M

9A

ANSWERS

L BOSTOCK S CHANDLER
A SHEPHERD E SMITH
Text # L. Bostock, S. Chandler, A. Shepherd, E. Smith 1997, 2001

The right of L. Bostock, S. Chandler, A. Shepherd and E. Smith to be identified as

authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in

any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,
recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency
Limited, of Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street London EC1N 8TS

First published in 1997 by

Stanley Thornes ( Publishers ) Ltd

Second edition published in 2001 by:

Nelson Thornes Ltd
Delta Place
27 Bath Road
CHELTENHAM
GL53 7TH
United Kingdom

10 11 / 10 9

A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN 978 0 7487 6496 9

Page make-up by Tech-Set

Printed in India by Multivista Global
Answers are supplied to questions asking for estimates but c i 1 19 iii 7 12 v 24
there is no `correct' estimate; we have given a likely value. ii 3
iv 1 3
vi 22.5
7 7
Allow a reasonable margin of error for answers read from d i £20, £25 iii 0.625 kg, 1.25 kg, 3.125 kg
graphs. ii 54 m, 42 m iv 30 min, 2 12 h, 4 h
Possible answers are given to questions asking for opinions or 6. a 1 : 10000 b 4 cm
reasons or interpretation; any reasonable alternative is also valid. 7. a £24.50 b i 37 ii £25.68
Visit www.nelsonthornes.com for a downloadable file of Year 9 8. a 16 b i 36% ii 0.36 9
iii 25
25
lesson starters. 9. 4.85
10. a 21
50
b 12% c 0.46 d 1485
Summary 1 11. a i £24 ii 25.5 cm iii 24 kg
b 34 of 5 c 35 of 10
9

Revision Exercise 1.1 (p. 16)

1. a 1 13
24
d 1 17
48
g 2 15
b 9
e 11
h 71 Revision Exercise 1.3 (p.19)
10 12 126
c 1 f 1 34 i 1 23 1. a 625 e 56 i 29
42
2. a 13
d 1
g 2 11 b 139 f 7 j 20 r 9
36 20 12
1 1 1
c 5280 g 192 k 17
b e 1 40 h
36 8 d 24000 h 4769 l 14 r 17
7 5 31
c 30
f 3 18 i 40 2. a i 64 ii 243 iii 504
5 4 14
3. a 9
d 7
g 81 b i 27 ii 73 iii 54 iv 36
b 1
10
e 3
22
h 12
49
c i 2  5  33 ii
3
2  3  7  13 iii 23  52  32
2 2

c 10
f 2 i 4 12 3. a i 21 v 78 iii 11
21
4. a 7
e 1
i 2 ii 18 vi 20 iv 3
30 4 5
13 7
iii 40 b i 2 v 8
b f 4 10 j 1 12
21 iv 12 ii 3 vi 14
c 2 14 g 2 56 k 2
3 4. a 25 e 144 i 325
2 5 1
d 3
h 1 7
l 3 12 b 81 f 1600 j 8010
5. a 5.01 e 4.832 i 0.49 c 32 g 864 k 720
b 19.1 f 0.00202 j 0.361 d 125 h 2744 l 1 100 000
c 6.17 g 3.2 k 1.83 5. a 27 d 25 g 33
1
d 8.9 h 0.08 l 0.0068 b not possible e 7 h 26
6. a 0.96 e 3.35511 i 0.15 c 54 f 3 4
i 56
1 1 1
b 0.042 f 0.36072 j 0.214 6. a 2
e 8
i 16
c 0.008 g 2.7 k 0.02 b 1
f 1
j 12 14
10 36
d 0.25 h 0.08 l 0.001 c 3 g 125 k 123 37
81
7. a 4.2 f 1.3 d 1 12 h 36 l 1
b 2.8 g 0.043 7. a i 2.65  102 iii 7.67  104 v 4.5  105
c 0.02244 h 2.4 ii 1.8  10 1 iv 7  10 6 vi 9.2  10 2
d 0.648 i 0.036 b i 0.0345 iii 0.73 v 140 000
e 0.7104 j 0.0364 ii 0.0501 iv 0.000 637 vi 283 000
8. a 2.785 2.78 f 7.820 7.82
Revision Exercise 1.2 (p. 17)
b 0.157 0.157 g 3.299 3.30
1. a i 0.36 ii 0.95 iii 0.54 iv 0.825 c 0.073 0.0733 h 0.001 0.000 926
b i 17
20
ii 21
50
iii 13
20
iv 18 d 0.151 0.151 i 0.010 0.009 64
c i 44% ii 28% iii 138% iv 92.5% e 254.163 254
2. a 85%, 0.85 9. a 41.3 d 132 g 3.11
3
b 8
, 0.375 b 239 000 e 29.2 h 40.2
5
c 8
, 62.5% c 2.08 f 61.7 i 0.113
23
d 400
, 0.0575 10. a 7.5 8.5
23
e 20
, 115%
b
f 475%, 4.75 15 16
3. a i < ii > iii < iv > c 123 124
b i 17
7
ii 49
9
iii 18
5
iv 39
4
c i 8 25 ii 4 14 iii 6 47 9
iv 1 17
4. a i 18 kg ii 19.8 g iii 12.6 m Revision Exercise 1.4 (p. 21)
b i £696 ii £144 iii 234 cm2 iv £28.60 1. a p ˆ 70 q ˆ 110 c p ˆ 50
c i 17.0 km ii 0.599 m iii 33.1 mm b x ˆ 70 d x ˆ 27
d i 20% ii 13
40
iii 0.56% 3
iv 16 2. a i 24 ii 18
5. a i 2:3 iii 2 : 3 v 3:5:4 b i 135 ii 160
ii 1:2:3 iv 7 : 5 vi 18 : 8 : 9 c i 24 ii 20
b i 9:2 iii 17 : 60 v 9 : 20 d i yes 9 ii no
ii 2:5 iv 2 : 125 vi 50 : 3 e i yes 6 ii yes 18

1
 3. a 20 cm2 b 10 cm2 c 17 cm2 d 19.35 cm2 7. a i 105 miles ii 5 miles
4. a 12 sq units c 12 sq units e 24.5 sq units b i 1 h 15 min ii 2 h 24 min
b 30 sq units d 16 sq units c 12 km/h
5. a 4 cm c 5 cm e 4 cm 8. a 35 miles
b 4.5 cm2 d 5 m, 25 m2 b Nina: 2 h 24 min, father 1 h 45 min
6. a 60 cm2 b 40 cm2 c 30 cm2 c father by 5.4 mph
7. a i 4.804 m ii 1015.96 g iii 116 inches d 1330 at 15 miles from F
b i 4.5 cm vii 6000 cm2
Revision Exercise 1.7 (p. 29)
ii 560 m viii 432 sq inches
iii 4 feet ix 5 cm3 1. a 19
40
b £18 c 37.5%
iv 39 feet x 2000 cm3 2. a mode 8, median 9, range 6 b 9.62
7 7 9
v 500 mm 2
xi 4 m3 3. a 20 b 10 c 20
vi 0.4 m 2
xii 720 cubic inches 4. a 1st dice
8. a i 50.3 cm ii 201 cm2 1 2 3 4 5 6
b i 35.7 cm ii 54.4 cm2 1 (1, 1) (2, 1) (3, 1) (4, 1) (5, 1) (6, 1)
c i 65 cm ii 69.3 cm2 2 (1, 2) (2, 2) (3, 2) (4, 2) (5, 2) (6, 2)
9. a 2025 cm 3
b 900 cm3 c 2262 cm3 2nd 3 (1, 3) (2, 3) (3, 3) (4, 3) (5, 3) (6, 3)
3 dice 4 (1, 4) (2, 4) (3, 4) (4, 2) (5, 4) (6, 4)
10. a 23.94 cm c 5 cm
5 (1, 5) (2, 5) (3, 5) (4, 5) (5, 5) (6, 5)
b 1130 cm3 d 1447.5 g
6 (1, 6) (2, 6) (3, 6) (4, 6) (5, 6) (6, 6)
11. a 2.79 m b 25.2 mm c i 5.19 cm ii 6.09 cm
12. a (5, 5) b 10 b 10 c 30
5
5. a 12 b 14 c 23 d 13
Revision Exercise 1.5 (p. 25) 6. a no correlation c strong positive correlation
1. a 5x ‡ 21 e 2x 6 i 10x 35 b moderate negative correlation
b 3a 2 f 6a 3 j a ‡ 20 7. a i 42 cm ii 20 cm
c 10x ‡ 1 g 6 3x k 4x ‡ 6 b h f
d 2x 6 h 6x 8 l 18
18 < h 4 23 7
2. a 24abc d 7a g 6a2
15 23 < h 4 28 24
b 40x 2 y e 23 h x 28 < h 4 33 8
2
y
33 < h 4 38 17
c 60ab2 f 50x i 4
9 38 < h 4 43 4
3. a i 4 ii 14 iii 4
b i 1.5 ii 8 iii 18 c i 29 ii 39 d 23 < h 4 28
4. a C ˆ 6x b un ˆ 3n ‡ 1 e i and ii y
25
5. a 5 e 3 i 7
b 4 f 5.5 j 14 20

c 2 g 32 15
d 10 h 53 10
5
6. a i x < 10 iv x 4 4 vii x > 4 5
1
ii x 4 5 v x< 6 viii x 5 5 0
18 43 x
iii x > 5 vi x > 4 ix x41
8. a 36 b 100 s c yes (18 out of 36)
b i 1<x<8 ii 2 < x < 4
d not possible to say; 36 were timed but more may have run.
c i 2<x<4 ii 4 < x42 iii x < 1
7. a x ˆ 3, y ˆ 1 c x ˆ 2, y ˆ 5 e x ˆ 19, y ˆ 2
b x ˆ 4, y ˆ 3 d x ˆ 3, y ˆ 3 f a ˆ 3, b ˆ 1 Chapter 1
8. a 4.80 b 0.686 Exercise 1B (p. 33)

Revision Exercise 1.6 (p. 26) 1. 5 10 13. 1.45 1.55

1. a C b D c A, B, E d none 2. 0 15 14. 0.55 0.65

2. (3, 1), scale factor 3 3. 15.
1
2 6 0.15 0.25
3. a i 3, 0 ii 2, 6 iii 2
,3
4. 16.
b i y ˆ 4x ‡ 2 ii y ˆ 4x 3 5 15 1.25 1.35
c a ˆ 1, b ˆ 1 5. 0 10 17. 0.05 0.15
4. a y ˆ 2x ‡ 2 6. 18.
5 5 6.15 6.25
b i obtuse ii obtuse iii acute iv acute
c i neither ii parallel 7. 0 0.1 19. 0.245 0.255
iii perpendicular iv perpendicular 8. 0.1 0.2 20. 0.515 0.525
5. C
9. 0.05 0.15 21. 1.145 1.155
6. a y b y
10. 0.08 0.16 22. 6.885 6.895
x 11. 0.02 0.08 23. 12.255 12.265
x
12. 0.03 0.13 24. 0.045 0.055

2
25. 5.55 4 w < 5.65 27. 12.45 4 x < 12.55 3. a independent b exclusive
26. 2450 4 x < 2550 28. 74 500 4 x < 75 500 4. a exclusive b independent
29. 1.245 4 d < 1.255 5. a exclusive b independent
30. a 1.55 4 x < 1.65 b perhaps 6. a independent b dependent
c not accurate enough for measuring the space for a new
cupboard Exercise 2C (p. 47)
31. 452.5 4 x < 457.5 32. 97.5 m 1. a 1
b 1
c 1
26 26 13
33. 395 g 4 weight of pack < 405 g 2. a 1
b 1
c 1
6 3 2
34. 2985 cm 4 length < 2995 cm, 10 cm 35. 276 cm 1 1 1
3. a 6
b 6
c 3
36. 33.5 mm 4 cube side < 34.5 mm but 74
34.15 mm 4 box side < 34.25 mm so the cube may be 4. a (ignoring the chance that it is in a pocket in a
117

larger than the box garment in the car!)

43
37. 364 days 38. 249 4 x < 251 b 117
4 11 1
39. a 118 mm b £1 073 800 5. a 7
b 14
c 14
40. a The scale shows that one nail has weight between 7.5 g 6. a 32
b 17
c 191
d 61
63 36 252 252
and 8.5 g. 7. a 1
b 1
c 5
,2 is both even and prime
2 2 6
b 7.75 g
Exercise 2D (p. 49)
Exercise 1C (p. 39) 1 6 6
1
1. 4
4. a 25
b 25
1. 4
8. 4 12 15. 5
8
22. 13
30
29. 7
20
2
36. 1 25 1 1 1 1
4
2. 36
5. a 2
b 4
c 4
2. 2 9. 15
16. 6 14 23. 69
112
30. 1
2
37. 2
5 1 3 9 2 3 1
3. a 4
b 4
c 16
6. a 3
b 4
c 6
3. 2 12 10. 2
5
17. 14
81
24. 8
25
31. 3 7
12
38. 22
63 3
1 5 2 1 3 1
7. a 10
4. 11. 18. 25. 2 18 32. 3 39.
10 16 3 140 14 b not independent (you cannot eat the same sweet twice)
5 12 3 21
5. 8 12. 8
19. 49
26. 5 10 33. 14 40. 68
6. 3 23 13. 1 13 20. 1
18
27. 57
110
34. 7 41. 1 14 Exercise 2E (p. 50)
1
7. 100
14. 2 21. 4 12 28. 4 23
42
35. 9
50
42. 2 1. a 1
3
b 1
3
c 1
36
d 1
4
4. 0.54
1 1 3 2 2 1
2. a 13
b 26
c 26
5. a 13
b 13
c 169
Exercise 1D (p. 40) 1 5
3. a 3
b 6
7 1
1. 20
7. 200
13. 0.15 19. 1.75
27 1
2. 125
8. 1 100 14. 0.125 20. 0.15625 Exercise 2F (p. 52)
51 11
3. 250
9. 100
15. 0.6 21. 0.16 1. a 2
c 7
d 3
5 20 40
9 1
4. 1 25 10. 2 20 16. 0.24 22. 0.3125 2. a 0.8 c 0.04 d 0.64
5. 3
100
11. 13
1 125 17. 0.0625 23. 2.375 3. b 25 2
c 15
3 1
6. 250
12. 10 000
18. 0.54 24. 0.002 4. Becker Crossby
0.7 hits
Exercise 1E (p. 41) hits
0.5
0.3 misses
1. 0.3_ _
5. 0.14285 7_ 9. 0.416_
2. 0.2_ 6. 0.083 _ _
10. 0.071428 5_ 0.7 hits
0.5
3. 0.83_ 7. 0.0_ 9_ 11. 0.23_ misses

4. 0.06_ 8. 0.05_ _ 3_
0.3 misses
12. 0.07692
13. a 59 b 1
c 1
d 1 a 0.35 b 0.15 c 0.15 d 0.35
45 18 225
14. a 9
b 1 c 1 5. Day 1 Day 2
9 10
1 wait
5
Exercise 1F (p. 42) 1
wait
5
1. a 8.4  105 1.54  10 4 e 3.2  102
4 no wait
c 5

b 1.08  1010 d 1.15  10 5

f 7.8  10 2 1
wait
2. a 2  103 c 1.4  10 5 4
5
5
no
b 3  10 2 d 3  100 wait 4 no wait
3. a 3.2  103 3.31  105
5
c 1 16 8
b 3.2  10 2 d 4.13  10 3 a 25
b 25
c 25

4. 1.49  10 10 5. 2.23  10 3 6. a i 1
6
, ii 5
6
b Red Blue
Chapter 2 1
6 6
6
Exercise 2A (p. 44) 1
6 5
6 not 6
1. or 2. and 3. or 4. or
1
5 6 6
Exercise 2B (p. 45) 6
not 6
5
not 6
1. exclusive 6
1 5 5 5
2. a exclusive b independent i 36
, ii 36
, iii 36
iv 18

3
 7. Girls Boys 8 Exercise 3C (p. 64)
2
5 fair 15 1. £1150 6. £1899.80 11. £1200
4
6
fair 2. £1840 7. £3300 12. £1610
3
dark
5 3. £1495 8. £1600 13. £1770
2 4. £2875 9. £4000 14. £2112
5 fair
5. £1483.50 10. £7680 15. £4270
2
6
dark
3
5 dark 16. a £1158 b £2900.02 c £755
17. a £1126 b £2716.54 c £755
8. 1st Class 2nd Class 7
18. a £8088 b £6498 c £11 926 d £116 525
6
24 L 20
4 L
20 18
24 R

6 Exercise 3D (p. 66)

16 24 L
20
R 1. £28 5. £33.60 9. £32.25
18
24 R 2. £92 6. £38.25 10. a £12.26 b £14.87
9. Derek Alexis 3. £25.60 7. £16.15 11. loses 31 p
5
card
4. £58 8. £14.30
6

3 card
4 1
6
no card

5
card
Exercise 3E (p. 68)
1 6
4 no card 1. £70 11. £200 21. £260
1
6
no card 2. £40 12. £17.91 22. £184
5 1
a 8
b 3 3. £16 13. £13.60 23. £92
c 1
;
1 because the outcomes cover all possibilities,
24
4. £6 14. £50 24. £12
i.e. they are certain. 5. £32 15. £160 25. £650
10. a 18 b 18 c 38 6. £800 16. £17 26. £160
11. a Sunday, because 7. £448 17. £160 27. 850 cm3
P(rain on Sunday) > P(rain on Saturday) 8. £20 18. £2000 28. 25 cm
b Sat Sun Mon 9. £40 19. £120 29. £1546
0.3 rain 10. £80 20. £125 30. a £335 b £108.54
0.11 rain
0.7 no rain
rain
0.3 rain
0.07 0.89 no rain
0.7 no rain Exercise 3F (p. 71)
0.3 rain 1. £77 520 3. 33 13 % 5. £37.50 7. 44 275
0.93 0.11 rain 2. £13.69 4. £1200 6. £172
0.7 no rain
no rain
0.3 rain 8. a £7.20 b £6.90
0.89 no rain 9. a 70% b £32.50
0.7 no rain 10. a £180 b 150%
c i 0.0077 ii 0.1646 d i 0.57939 ii 0.42061 11. £35 500
12. a 3
b 3
c 7
d 1 12. a £69.99 b £10.50
8 8 8 2
13. a 0.04875 b 0.04375 13. a £154.10 b £161.84
14. labour £33, parts £27.50, VAT £13.83
15. £45.38
16. £103.70
Exercise 2G (p. 57) 17. a $383 b £2.47 c 43 p
4 4 3 15 7
1. a 11
b 11
4. a 32
b 32
c 16 18. £250
2. a 0 b 1 5. a 4
b 1
c 2 19. a i £28.80 ii £60.00
15 5 5
3. a 1
b 1
c 1
6. a 4
b 2
c 5
d 8 b i £55.00
4 4 4 63 9 9 21
ii £82.50; 0.8;
the multiplying factor that changes £P to £S, 80%
c 80% d 20%
Chapter 3 20. £2.97

Exercise 3B (p. 61)

1. 25% 8. 24% 15. £12.00 22. same
2. 30% 9. £56.00 16. £21.60 23. £34.50 Exercise 3G (p. 73)
3. 25% 10. £142.08 17. £18.00 24. £75.52 1. £30 6. £373.76
4. 10% 11. £60.90 18. £24.30 25. £9.87 2. £731.25 7. 8.5%
5. 20% 12. £18.00 19. £21.00 26. £43.70 3. £26.40 8. £41.28
6. 20% 13. £27.00 20. b £8 27. £702.00 4. £425 9. £250
7. 15% 14. £80.00 21. b 70 p 28. £9.48 5. £215.80 10. a £1000 b £12 500

4
Exercise 3H (p. 75) Exercise 4E (p. 88)
1. £42 4. £191.77 7. £252.68 1. 3.2 litres
2. £76.32 5. £143.99 8. £69 984 2. 3 hours
3. £103.88 6. £206.72 9. £76.04 3. a 12.5 units b 3 h 36 min
10. £768.00 11. Charles £15 360, David £51 840 4. a £70 b 225 miles
12. a i £12 300 ii £6781.83 b 54.8% 5. £321.78 7. 528 p 9. 20.25 cm
13. a i £6560 ii £4410.94 b 44.9% 6. 700 bottles 8. 66 rows 10. 480 pesas
14. a £4.30 b £4.80 11. 65.6 km
15. a £3880 b £4500 12. a 2.25  107 b 3.6  107 c 1.35  105
16. a i 330 ii 280 iii 230 b false, true, false, true 13. 15 volts
17. a i 21100 ii 22261 b i 18 957 ii 17 969 14. 24.7 joules
18. a 2 b 4 c 8 15. x 2 4 6 8
19. start of 2015 y 10 20 30 40
20. a 2 b 9 16. 19 p ‡ 10.2 p ‡ 4.4 p ‡ 33.6 p ‡ 1 p ˆ 82.6 p ˆ 83 p
21. a £(1.08)P c £(1.08)6 P £1079.46 (to nearest p)
b £(1.08)2 P d £(1.08)n P

Exercise 3I (p. 79) Exercise 4F (p. 92)

1. £218.40 3. £3245.50 5. 15 km/litre 1. 5.5 hours 4. 8 days 7. 16 cm
2. £79.20 4. 40% 6. a 3816 b 2001 2. 203 lines 5. 25 cm 8. 48
3. 12 6. 20 9. 49
Puzzle 10. p 20 5 0.5 0.01
q 0.5 2 20 100 0
£2734.38

Chapter 4 Exercise 4G (p. 93)

Exercise 4A (p. 82) 1. a 17 743 lira b 3.04 francs 7. 24

2. £145.35 8. 34
1. proportional 7. neither
3. 3.5 hours 9. 1.44 m
2. neither 8. neither
4. not possible 10. 6 weeks
3. neither 9. proportional
5. 4.46 cm 11. not possible
4. proportional 10. neither
6. 49 12. 1.5 amps
5. inversely proportional 11. neither
13. a directly proportional c inversely proportional
6. inversely proportional
b neither

Exercise 4B (p. 83)

1. 25 : 24 Exercise 4H (p. 95)
2. a 3:2 b 2:3 c 3:5 1. 3.6 5. a 0.6 : 1 b 1 : 1.2
3. a 2:3 b 9 : 5 c 21 : 23 d 6 : 5 2. 114.3 km 6. £7.50
4. a 1:1 b 1:2 c 1:8 d 1:1 e 1:3 f 1:8 3. 6 h 40 min 7. £37.50
5. a 1:9 b 1:4 c 4:9 4. 3 kg 8. 3.9 min
6. 1 : 1.5 10. 1 : 0.6 14. 1 : 1.43
7. 1 : 2.4 11. 1 : 2.63 15. 1 : 0.75
8. 1 : 0.857 12. 1 : 1.33 16. 1 : 0.333
9.
18.
1 : 2.73
£38/tonne
13. 1 : 0.75 17. 1 : 1.78
21. 72 p/20 screws
Summary 2
19. 70 p/doz 22. 500 ml bottle Revision Exercise 2.1 (p. 99)
20. 15 p/cm 1. a 6 b 1 12 c 2 12
2. a i 0.35 ii 0.3125 iii 0.0025 iv 0.46875
11 7 3 26
Exercise 4C (p. 85) b i 20
ii 8
iii 200 iv 2 125
3. a 0.06_ _
b 0.57142 8_ c 0.916_
1. 570 ml 2. a 280 ml b 170 ml 3. 600 g
5
4. a 12 : 15 : 14 b £878.05; £1097.56; £1024.39 4. a 5 b 9 c 4.5
5. a James £25.21, Sarah £45.01 b £1.23 5. a 195 4 n < 205 b 2.465 2.47 2.475
1 1 1
Exercise 4D (p. 86) 6. a 26 b 26 c 676
1 21 1
7. a b c
1. a £2.70 b £10.80 3. a 72 km b 118.8 km 8 32 32
1 1 1
2. a 6 units b 34 unit 4. a £1.65 b £7.92 8. a 6
b 2
c 12
15 26
5. £1.20 7. 4 13 km 9. £8.30 11. 1.5 m 9. b 49
c 49
8 14
6. 15.5 km 8. £9.80 10. 1.5 p 12. 5.5 cm 2 10. b 27
c 27

5
Revision Exercise 2.2 (p. 101) Exercise 5D (p. 107)
1. £136 3. £85 5. £82 1. x 2 ‡ 9x ‡ 20 7. x2 14x ‡ 48 13. a2 3a 70
2. £39.95 4. a £2029.75 b 16% 2. a2 ‡ 7a ‡ 10 8. a2 17a ‡ 70 14. y 2 ‡ 8y 20
6. a i 1 : 1.8 ii 1 : 0.8 iii 1 : 2.33 3. x 2 9x ‡ 20 9. a2 3a 10 15. z2 11z 12
b i 1.75 : 1 ii 0.125 : 1 iii 3.67 : 1 4. a2 7a ‡ 10 10. y2 3y 18 16. p2 11p 26
7. a 4 : 3 b 3:4 c 3:7 5. x 2 ‡ 14x ‡ 48 11. z2 6z 40
8. a £19.50 b 200 miles 6. a2 ‡ 17a ‡ 70 12. p2 3p 40
9. 7 days 10. 12 days
Exercise 5E (p. 108)
Revision Exercise 2.3 (p. 102) 1. 2x 2 ‡ 3x ‡ 1 22. 25y 2 4
1. a 34.7 cm b 3.5 m 4 thickness < 4.5 m 2. 5x 2 ‡ 12x ‡ 4 23. 9x 2 1
2. a 1 12 b 1 57 c 23 3. 5x 2 ‡ 17x ‡ 6 24. 16x 2 8x 35
4. 3x 2 ‡ 19x ‡ 20 25. 10 3x x 2
3. a 2 13 b 1.7_ 2_ c 11 40 5. 3x 2 ‡ 5x ‡ 2 26. 8 ‡ 2x 3x 2
4. a 79 b 29 5. a £1748 b £22 6. 3x 2 ‡ 11x ‡ 6 27. 1 ‡ 2x x 2
6. a 3 weeks b £88 000 7. 4x 2 ‡ 7x ‡ 3 28. 20 ‡ y y 2
7. £6144 8. £592 9. 10 days 8. 7x 2 ‡ 23x ‡ 6 29. 21 4x x 2
9. 6x 2 ‡ 13x ‡ 6 30. 2 ‡ 7x 4x 2
Revision Exercise 2.4 (p. 103) 10. 12x 2 25x ‡ 12 31. 6 ‡ 5x x 2
11. 10x 2 3x 18 32. 20 2p 4p2
1. a 0.818 b £40.90; £40.91; using a corrected number
12. 21a2 58a ‡ 21 33. 6x 2 ‡ 5x ‡ 1
for further working introduces errors
13. 10x 2 ‡ 31x ‡ 15 34. 4 ‡ 8x 5x 2
2. a 23 1
b 15 91
c 150
14
14. 21x 2 20x ‡ 4 35. 3 ‡ 19x 6x 2
3. a b 1 12 c 2
27 3 15. 12x 2 5x 2 36. 6 ‡ 29a 35a2
3 3 21
4. a 20
b 8
c 40 16. 6b2 5b 25 37. 8 ‡ 10x 3x 2
4 23
5. b 15
c 45 17. 4a2 9 38. 15x 2 ‡ 26x ‡ 8
6. £44 7. £65 18. 9b2 49 39. 12 ‡ 13x 14x 2
8. a £446.25 b £9415.93 9. 1200 19. 49y 2 25 40. 9 ‡ 27x 20x 2
20. 20a2 ‡ a 12 41. 12 p p2
21. 16x 2 9 42. x 2 3x 10
Chapter 5
Exercise 5F (p. 110)
Exercise 5A (p. 105)
1. x 2 ‡ 2x ‡ 1 31. 9a2 ‡ 12ab ‡ 4b2
1. 2x ‡ 2 5. 15xy ‡ 5xz 9. 16rt 8rs
2. x 2 ‡ 4x ‡ 4 32. 9a2 ‡ 6ab ‡ b2
2. 3x 3 6. 16xy ‡ 12yz 10. 3ab 15ac
3. a2 ‡ 6a ‡ 9 33. p2 ‡ 8pq ‡ 16q2
3. 4x ‡ 12 7. 6np 10nq 11. 12xy ‡ 8xz
4. b2 ‡ 8b ‡ 16 34. 49x 2 ‡ 28xy ‡ 4y 2
4. 3x 6 8. 3ab ‡ 3bc 12. 3xy ‡ 6xz
5. x 2 ‡ 2xz ‡ z2 35. 9s2 ‡ 24st ‡ 16t 2
6. y 2 ‡ 2xy ‡ x 2 36. 9s2 ‡ 6st ‡ t 2
Exercise 5B (p. 105) 7. c 2 ‡ 2cd ‡ d 2 37. x 2 4x ‡ 4
1. ac ‡ ad ‡ bc ‡ bd 11. 2ps 3pt ‡ 2qs 3qt 8. m2 ‡ 2mn ‡ n2 38. x 2 12x ‡ 36
2. ps ‡ pt ‡ qs ‡ qt 12. ac ad 2bc ‡ 2bd 9. a2 ‡ 18a ‡ 81 39. a2 20a ‡ 100
3. 2ac ‡ 4ad ‡ bc ‡ 2bd 13. 6uw 30ur 5vw ‡ 25vr 10. t 2 ‡ 20t ‡ 100 40. x 2 2xy ‡ y 2
4. 5xz ‡ 15x ‡ 2yz ‡ 6y 14. 6ac 9ad ‡ 8bc 12bd 11. x 2 ‡ 24x ‡ 144 41. x 2 6x ‡ 9
5. xz 4x ‡ yz 4y 15. 9xz ‡ 6x ‡ 6yz ‡ 4y 12. x 2 ‡ 16x ‡ 64 42. x 2 14x ‡ 49
6. ac ‡ ad bc bd 16. 12pr 9ps 4qr ‡ 3qs 13. p2 ‡ 14p ‡ 49 43. a2 2ab ‡ b2
7. xy ‡ xz ‡ y 2 ‡ yz 17. 9ac ‡ 12ad 12bc 16bd 14. p2 ‡ 2pq ‡ q2 44. u 2 2uv ‡ v 2
8. 6ac ‡ 2ad ‡ 3bc ‡ bd 18. 21x 14xz 6y ‡ 4yz 15. a2 ‡ 2ab ‡ b2 45. 9x 2 6x ‡ 1
9. 5xz ‡ 10x ‡ 4yz ‡ 8y 19. 10ac 4a ‡ 5bc 2b 16. e2 ‡ 2ef ‡ f 2 46. 25z2 10z ‡ 1
10. 15x 3xz 10y ‡ 2yz 20. 15a 10ad 12b ‡ 8bd 17. u2 ‡ 2uv ‡ v 2 47. 100a2 180a ‡ 81
18. M2 ‡ 2Mm ‡ m2 48. 16x 2 24x ‡ 9
19. 4x 2 ‡ 4x ‡ 1 49. 4a2 4a ‡ 1
Exercise 5C (p. 106) 20. 16b2 ‡ 8b ‡ 1 50. 16y 2 8y ‡ 1
1. x 2 ‡ 7x ‡ 12 11. x2 5x ‡ 6 21. x2 ‡ x 6 21. 25x 2 ‡ 20x ‡ 4 51. 49b2 28b ‡ 4
2. x 2 ‡ 6x ‡ 8 12. x2 12x ‡ 35 22. x 2 ‡ x 20 22. 36c2 ‡ 12c ‡ 1 52. 25x 2 30x ‡ 9
3. x 2 ‡ 7x ‡ 6 13. a2 10a ‡ 16 23. x 2 3x 28 23. 9a2 ‡ 6a ‡ 1 53. 4y 2 4xy ‡ x 2
4. x 2 ‡ 7x ‡ 10 14. x2 13x ‡ 30 24. a2 7a 30 24. 4x 2 ‡ 20x ‡ 25 54. 25x 2 10xy ‡ y 2
5. x 2 ‡ 11x ‡ 24 15. b2 10b ‡ 25 25. p2 25 25. 9a2 ‡ 24a ‡ 16 55. 9m2 12mn ‡ 4n2
6. a2 ‡ 9a ‡ 20 16. x2 7x ‡ 12 26. x 2 ‡ 5x 14 26. 16y 2 ‡ 24y ‡ 9 56. 49x 2 42xy ‡ 9y 2
7. b2 ‡ 9b ‡ 14 17. x2 12x ‡ 32 27. x 2 ‡ x 30 27. 9W 2 ‡ 12W ‡ 4 57. a2 6ab ‡ 9b2
8. c2 ‡ 10c ‡ 24 18. b2 6b ‡ 8 28. x 2 ‡ 9x 10 28. x 2 ‡ 4xy ‡ 4y 2 58. m2 16mn ‡ 64n2
9. p2 ‡ 15p ‡ 36 19. a2 8a ‡ 16 29. b2 b 56 29. 9x 2 ‡ 6xy ‡ y 2 59. 25a2 20ab ‡ 4b2
10. q2 ‡ 17q ‡ 70 20. p2 15p ‡ 56 30. z2 11z 12 30. 4x 2 ‡ 20xy ‡ 25y 2 60. 9p2 30pq ‡ 25q2

6
Exercise 5G (p. 113) 7. y 13. y

2 2 2 2 4 6
1. x 16 9. 4x 1 17. 9x 16y
2. b2 36 10. 9x 2 1 18. 4a2 25b2 2 4

3. c2 9 11. 49a2 4 19. 1 4a2 4 2 2 x

2

4. x2 144 12. 25a2 16 20. 49y 2 9z2

2 2 4 x
5. x2 25 13. 25x 2 1 21. 100a2 81b2
6. a2 49 14. 4a2 9 22. 25a2 16b2 8. y 14. y
7. q2 100 15. 100m2 1 23. 1 9x 2 2 4
8. x2 64 16. 36a2 25 24. 9 25x 2
2
2 2 4 x
2
Exercise 5H (p. 114) 2 4 x
2 2 2 4
1. 2x ‡ 9x ‡ 12 11. x y 6xy ‡ 9
2. 2x 2 ‡ 9x ‡ 2 12. 25 10yz ‡ y 2 z2
3. x 2 ‡ 15x ‡ 32 13. x 2 y 2 ‡ 8xy ‡ 16 9. y 15. y

a2 9a ‡ 36 9p2 q2 ‡ 48pq ‡ 64
4
4. 14. 2

5. 2a2 10a 3 15. a2 2abc ‡ b2 c2 2 2 4 x

2

6. x 2 ‡ 13x ‡ 25 16. a2 b2 4ab ‡ 4 2 2 2 4 x

7. x 2 2x 21 17. 36 12pq ‡ p2 q2 2
8. x 2 2x 23 18. m2 n2 ‡ 6mn ‡ 9
9. 16x 2 ‡ 6x 10 19. u 2 v 2 4uvw ‡ 4w 2
10. y 16. y
10. 12x 2 ‡ 8x 20 4 4

2 2
Exercise 5I (p. 116)
1. 5x ‡ 10 16. y 2 ‡ 4yz ‡ 4z2 2 4 6 x 4 2 2 4 x
2
2. 24pq 16pr 17. 36y 2 ‡ 24yz 5z2 2

3. 6a2 13ab 5b2 18. 16a2 ‡ 8a ‡ 1

4. 12x 2 17x 5 19. 25a2 70a ‡ 49 11. y 17. y

5. x 2 ‡ 16x ‡ 60 20. 36z2 156yz ‡ 169y 2 4 4

6. x 2 20x ‡ 96 21. 6 3a 2 2

7. 16y 2 16y 21 22. 8ab ‡ 4ac

4 2 4 2 2 4 x
16y 2 81
2 4 x
8. 23. 10ac ‡ 25ad ‡ 4bc ‡ 10bd 2
2
9. 25x 2 ‡ 20x ‡ 4 24. x 2 19x ‡ 84
10. 4a2 28ab ‡ 49b2 25. a2 ‡ 16a ‡ 63
12. y 18. y
11. 8 20x 26. a2 a 20
4 4
12. 16a 24a2 27. 6x 2 ‡ 11x ‡ 3
13. 12a2 35a 33 28. 25x 2 4 2 2

14. 99 2x x 2 29. 9x 2 42x ‡ 49 2 2 4 x 2 2 4 6 8 x

15. 5 48x 20x 2 30. 25x 2 4y 2 2 2

Exercise 5J (p. 116)

19. No, Yes, No
1. Identity 3. Identity 5. Expression 7. Expression 20. x42 23. 2 4 y 4 2
2. Equation 4. Identity 6. Identity 8. Equation 21. y<3 24. 1 4 x < 2
22. x< 1 25. 0.5 < y < 2.5
Chapter 6 26. Yes, Yes, No, Yes, No, No
27. 34x41 29. 2 4 y < 3
Exercise 6B (p. 120) 28. 4<y< 1 30. 3 4 x 4 6
1. y 4. y 31. Yes, No, Yes, No
2 4

2
2 2 4 x
2
2 2 4 x Exercise 6C (p. 124)
1. y 3. y
2. y 5. y
4 2
4 2
2
2 2 x
2
2 2 4 x 2
2 2 4 x
2
2 2 4 x 2

3. y 6. y
2. y 4. y
2 2 2 4

2
2 2 4 x 2 2 4 x 2 2 x
2 2 2
2 4 x

7
 5. y 7. y 15. y 19. y

6 4
2 4
4 2
2
4 2 2 x
2
2 4 2 2 x
2 4 x 2
2 2 4 6 x

6. y 8. y

2 2 16. y 20. y

2 6
2 2 4 x 2 4 x
4
2 2 2 2 4 x
2 2
4
4
2 4 x
9. 2 4 x 4 3, 1 4 y 4 2 14. 2 < x < 2, 2 < y < 2
10. 2 < x 4 2, 2 4 y 4 1 15. 1 < x < 3, 1 < y 4 3
17. y 21. y
11. 9: Yes, 10: No 16. x 5 2, y 4 1 6 2
12. 2 4 x 4 1, y 5 1 17. x < 1, 2 < y < 2
4
13. x < 0, y > 0 18. 16: Yes, 17: No 2 2 4 x
2 2

4
4 2 2 x
2
Exercise 6D (p. 127)
1. y 8. y 18. y 22. y
4 2 4 4

2 2 2
2 2 4 6 x

2 4 x 4 2 2 x 2 2 4 x
2 2
2. y 9. y

4 6

2 4
Exercise 6E (p. 129)
2
2 4 6 8 x
1. x‡y43 8. y > 2x 4
2 4 x
2. 2x ‡ y 5 2 9. y 5 12 x ‡ 2
3. x ‡ 2y < 2 10. y> x‡2
3. y 10. y

4
4. x‡y<2 11. y 5 74 x 2
2
5. 3x y 4 3 12. y < 12 x ‡ 2
2
2 2 x 6. 2y 3x 4 6 13. y 4 2x ‡ 2
2 2 4 x 7. y4x‡1
2

4. y
11. y
Exercise 6F (p. 132)
4 4

2 2 1. y 4. y
6 4
2 2 x 2 2 4 x
2 4 2
2
2
2 2 4 6 x
5. y 12. y
2
4 2 4 2 2 4 x
2
2
2 2 4 x
2
4 2 2 4 x 2. y 5. y
2 4
6
4 2 2 x
4 2
6. y 13. y

2 2 4
4
4 2
2 2 4 x 2 2 4 6 x
2 2
2 4 x

7. y 14. y 3. y 6. y
4 4 6 6

2 2 4 4

2 2
2 4 x 2 2 4 x
2 2
2 4 6 x 2 4 6 x

8
 7. y 10. y Exercise 6H (p. 135)
2 4
1. x 5 1, y 5 2, x ‡ y 4 3
2. y 4 x 3, 2y 5 x 6
2
2 x 3. y 5 0, 2y 4 x ‡ 2, x ‡ y 4 4
2 4 6 x 4. x 4 1, y 4 x ‡ 1, 3x ‡ y > 3
2
8. y 5. y > 1, x ‡ y < 3, y 4 2x ‡ 2
8
11. y 6. y < 3x ‡ 3, y > 3x 3
6 2 7. y 5 0, x 5 1, y 4 x ‡ 2
4 8. y 4 13 x ‡ 1, y 5 13 x 1, y 5 5
3
x 7
x
2 4
9. a x ‡ y 4 3, 4y 5 x, y 4 x ‡ 3
2 2
b 4y 4 x, x ‡ y 5 3
2 2 4 6 x c y 4 x ‡ 3, x ‡ y 5 3, 4y 5 x
d 4y 4 x, x ‡ y 4 3, y 4 x ‡ 3
9. y 12. It does not exist e y 5 x ‡ 3, x ‡ y 5 3
4 13. a Region consists of one f 4y 5 x, y 4 x ‡ 3
2 point (1, 2) 10. a x ‡ y 4 1, y 4 2x ‡ 4
b Yes b y 4 2, x ‡ y 5 1
2 4 x
c y 5 2, y 4 2x ‡ 4
d y 5 2x ‡ 4, x ‡ y 5 1
Exercise 6G (p. 134) e x ‡ y 4 1, y 5 2x ‡ 4
1. y 6. y f y 4 2, y 4 2x ‡ 4
4 8 11. a C b A c B
2 6

4
Exercise 6I (p. 137)
2 4 x
2 1. a x > 2y, y 5 2 d 14
b 4x ‡ 5y 4 65 e 3 pens and 12 pencils
2 4 6 8 x
c (pens) y
2
2. y
y   4x  13
5
4 4
10
y  2x
2 6

8
2 2 4 x 5
2
y2
4 7. y

4
O 5 10 15 x (pencils)
2
2. a y 5 5, x 4 20, x 5 2y c 2x ‡ 5y ˆ 60
2 2 4 6 x b
large tents y
3. y 2

4
8. y
10
2 10

2 2 4 x 8
2
5
6
4 4

2 O 5 10 15 20 x small tents

6 4 2 2 x
d i (15, 6) ii e.g. (5, 10), (10, 8) or (20, 4)
4. y 2 e There is only one point, (15, 6), in the area with integer
4
4
coordinates that lies on the line. Other points in the region
2 that lie on the line do not have integer coordinates.
3. a 1.5x ‡ 0.5y 4 60 or 3x ‡ y 4 120
9. y
2 4 x
4
b x 5 20 c y 5 2x
2
d pots y
4 2
60
2 2 4 6 x

50
10. y

2
5. y 40
4 2 2 4 x
2 O
2
20 25 30 x trays
4 e e.g. (22, 46), (22, 50)
2 4 6 x
The number of trays and the number of pots must
be integers.

9
 4. a a ˆ 500, b ˆ 1 b y 5 200 7. (x ‡ 6) (x ‡ 2) 14. (x ‡ 20) (x ‡ 2)
c y d 350, yes 8. (x ‡ 12) (x ‡ 1) 15. (x ‡ 8) (x ‡ 1)
e no, (260, 240) not in 9. (x ‡ 15) (x ‡ 1) 16. (x ‡ 3)2
500 region 10. (x ‡ 10) (x ‡ 2) 17. (x ‡ 18) (x ‡ 2)
f i £2600 11. (x ‡ 4)2 18. (x ‡ 6) (x ‡ 3)
ii £3250 12. (x ‡ 12) (x ‡ 3) 19. (x ‡ 6) (x ‡ 5)
200 13. (x ‡ 18) (x ‡ 1) 20. (x ‡ 10) (x ‡ 4)

O 500 x Exercise 7C (p. 147)

5. a x > y, 250 < x ‡ y < 350, x 5 120, y 5 80 and 1. (x 8) (x 1) 6. (x 2) (x 3)
x 4 2y 2. (x 4) (x 3) 7. (x 15) (x 1)
c y 3. (x 15) (x 2) 8. (x 3)2
250 4. (x 7) (x 4) 9. (x 16) (x 2)
5. (x 7) (x 6) 10. (x 7) (x 9)
200
Exercise 7D (p. 147)
150 1. (x 3) (x ‡ 2) 6. (x 6) (x ‡ 4)
2. (x 4) (x ‡ 5) 7. (x ‡ 9) (x 3)
3. (x 4) (x ‡ 3) 8. (x 11) (x ‡ 2)
100
4. (x ‡ 7) (x 4) 9. (x 7) (x ‡ 5)
70 5. (x 3) (x ‡ 5) 10. (x 10) (x ‡ 2)

O 100 150 200 250 x

Exercise 7E (p. 148)
d x ˆ 219, no: x > 2y 1. (x ‡ 7) (x ‡ 2) 25. (x ‡ 8) (x ‡ 1)
e e.g. (216, 112) 2. (x 7) (x 3) 26. (x 3)2
f y ˆ 116, all of them 3. (x ‡ 7) (x 2) 27. (x ‡ 7) (x ‡ 4)
g Coordinates that are integers in the region and on the 4. (x ‡ 6) (x 5) 28. (x ‡ 5) (x 4)
line 4x ‡ 3y ˆ 1200 [between (174, 168) and 5. (x ‡ 8) (x ‡ 1) 29. (x ‡ 3)2
(216, 112)] 6. (x 5)2 30. (x 8) (x 1)
7. (x ‡ 9) (x 1) 31. (x ‡ 15) (x ‡ 2)
8. (x 13) (x 2) 32. (x ‡ 9) (x 3)
Chapter 7 9. (x ‡ 8) (x 7) 33. (x ‡ 11) (x ‡ 2)
Exercise 7A (p. 142) 10. (x ‡ 2) (x ‡ 30) 34. (x 13) (x ‡ 2)
11. (x 9) (x ‡ 3) 35. (x 1) (x 7)
1. 4(x ‡ 1) 24. 3y(y 9) 47. 5x2 (2 3x2 )
12. (x ‡ 20) (x 4) 36. (x ‡ 7) (x 6)
2. 3(4x 1) 25. 2a(a 6) 48. 4(3x ‡ 2)
13. (x ‡ 13) (x ‡ 1) 37. (x 8) (x ‡ 3)
3. 2(3a ‡ 1) 26. 2p(3p ‡ 1) 49. 4x(2x ‡ 3)
14. (x ‡ 14) (x 2) 38. (x 7) (x 2)
4. 5(a 2b) 27. 3y(3y 2) 50. 3(3x2 2x ‡ 4)
15. (x ‡ 10) (x 8) 39. (x ‡ 27) (x ‡ 1)
5. 3(t 3) 28. 2(x2 ‡ 2x ‡ 3) 51. 5x(x2 2)
16. (x 6) (x 5) 40. (x ‡ 9) (x 7)
6. 5(2a 1) 29. 5(2a2 a ‡ 4) 52. 4q(2p ‡ r)
17. (x ‡ 12) (x 4) 41. (x ‡ 5)2
7. 4(3a ‡ 1) 30. b(a ‡ 4c 3d) 53. x(x 8)
18. (x ‡ 12) (x ‡ 6) 42. (x 5)2
8. 2(a ‡ 2b) 31. 4(2x y ‡ 3z) 54. 3(4 ‡ 3y2 )
19. (x ‡ 4) (x ‡ 13) 43. (x ‡ 2)2
9. 7(2x 1) 32. 3a(3b 2c d) 55. 4x(3y ‡ 4z ‡ 2)
20. (x 14) (x ‡ 2) 44. (x 7)2
10. x(x ‡ 2) 33. 3(x2 2x ‡ 3) 56. 2x(2x2 ‡ 3)
21. (x ‡ 8) (x ‡ 3) 45. (x ‡ 6)2
11. x(x 7) 34. 4(a2 ‡ 2a 1) 57. 4bc(3a 2d)
1
22. (x 14) (x ‡ 3) 46. (x 6)2
12. a(a ‡ 6) 35. x(5y ‡ 4z ‡ 3) 58. h(a ‡ b)
2 23. (x 16) (x 2) 47. (x 2)2
13. x(2x ‡ 1) 36. 5b(a ‡ 2c ‡ d) 59. m(g a)
24. (x 12) (x ‡ 5) 48. (x ‡ 8)2
14. 2t(2 t) 37. 2y(x 2z ‡ 4w) 60. 1
2
m(v2 u2 )
15. x(x ‡ 5) 38. x2 (x ‡ 1) 61. RT
P(1 ‡ 100 )
Exercise 7F (p. 150)
16. x(x 4) 39. x2 (1 x) 62. pr(2r ‡ h)
17. b(b ‡ 4) 40. 5a2 (4 a) 63. p(R2 ‡ r2 ) 1. (2 ‡ x) (1 x) 9. (2 x) (5 ‡ x)
18. a(4a 1) 41. 4x2 (3x 4) 64. 2g(h1 h2 ) 2. (3 x) (2 ‡ x) 10. (6 x) (2 ‡ x)
19. 2x(x 3) 42. 4x2 (x2 ‡ 3) 65. m( 12 v2 gh) 3. (1 x) (4 ‡ x) 11. (5 x) (1 ‡ x)
20. 2z(z2 ‡ 2) 43. a2 (1 ‡ a) 66. 1
pr2 (4r h) 4. (4 x) (2 ‡ x) 12. (2 x) (7 ‡ x)
3
21. 5a(5a 1) 44. b2 (b 1) 67. pr(3r ‡ 2h) 5. (2 x) (3 ‡ x) 13. (6 x) (1 ‡ x)
22. 4x(3x ‡ 4) 45. 2x2 (2x 1) 68. 1
m(u2 ‡ v2 ) 6. (2 x) (1 ‡ x) 14. (4 x) (5 ‡ x)
2
23. 5b(a 2c) 46. 9a2 (3 2a) 69. 1
c(b 12 a) 7. (2 x) (4 ‡ x) 15. (3 x) (5 ‡ x)
2
8. (1 x) (5 ‡ x) 16. (4 x) (3 ‡ x)
Exercise 7B (p. 146)
1. (x ‡ 2) (x ‡ 1) 4. (x ‡ 5) (x ‡ 3) Exercise 7G (p. 151)
2. (x ‡ 5) (x ‡ 1) 5. (x ‡ 20) (x ‡ 1) 1. (x ‡ 5) (x 5) 3. (x ‡ 10) (x 10)
3. (x ‡ 4) (x ‡ 3) 6. (x ‡ 7) (x ‡ 1) 2. (x ‡ 2) (x 2) 4. (x ‡ 1) (x 1)

10
 5. (x ‡ 8) (x 8) 12. (10 ‡ x) (10 x) Exercise 7M (p. 155)
6. (x ‡ 4) (x 4) 13. (a ‡ b) (a b) 1. a 6z(2z 1) b 4y(2x 3z)
7. (x ‡ 6) (x 6) 14. (3y ‡ z) (3y z) 2. a (x ‡ 5)2 b (x 6) (x ‡ 4)
8. (x ‡ 9) (x 9) 15. (4 ‡ x) (4 x) 3. a (a ‡ 3) (a 2) b (x ‡ 11) (x 4)
9. (x ‡ 7) (x 7) 16. (5 ‡ x) (5 x) 4. a (b 7) (b ‡ 7) b p(16p 1)
10. (3 ‡ x) (3 x) 17. (9 ‡ x) (9 x) 5. a (15 x) (2 x) b (4 ‡ x) (3 x)
11. (6 ‡ x) (6 x) 18. (x ‡ y) (x y) 6. a 264 b 36.9
7. a 0.106 b 358 800

Exercise 7H (p. 152)

1. 3(x ‡ 4) 11. 5(x 5) (x ‡ 2)
2. 5x(5x ‡ 2) 12. 4(x ‡ 4) (x 2)
3. 4(3x2 2) 13. 3(x ‡ 2) (x 2)
4.
5.
7(2x ‡ 3)
2(2x2 ‡ 1)
14.
15.
2(x 2) (x 7)
4(x 5) (x 1)
Chapter 8
Answers read from graphs will not necessarily match those
6. 7(3x 1) 16. 3(x ‡ 2) (x ‡ 4)
given here. Allow some leeway.
7. 9x(x 2) 17. 5(x ‡ 3) (x 3)
Questions in text: 26 cm, 23 a 162 b 348 c 17 d 15
8. 4(5x ‡ 3) 18. 3(x 7) (x ‡ 3)
Visit www.nelsonthornes.com for a down-loadable worksheet
9. 4x(2x 1) 19. 3(2 x) (3 ‡ x)
with extra questions on stem and leaf diagrams.
10. 3(x ‡ 1) (x ‡ 3)

Exercise 8B (p. 162)

Exercise 7I (p. 152)
1. 4.2 2. 7.6 cm 3. 50.5 p
1. 7.5 5. 31.2 9. 1000 13. 8
2. 18.5 6. 20.4 10. 336 14. 140 4. Defective screws 0±2 3±5 6±8 9±11
; 3.1
3. 17.7 7. 12.9 11. 53.2 15. 75.8 Frequency 10 7 2 1
4. 35.04 8. 178.97 12. 5.336 16. 0.526 5. 160.4 cm
6. a 195 b 20 min

Exercise 7J (p. 153) c Midclass value 2.5 7.5 12.5 17.5 22.5

1. (x ‡ 5) (x ‡ 8) 13. (x ‡ 6) (x ‡ 2) Frequency 25 35 100 25 10

2. (x 9) (x 2) 14. (x 6) (x ‡ 5) d 11.5 min
3. (x 6) (x ‡ 6) 15. (x 7) (x ‡ 7)
4. not possible 16. not possible
5. (x 6) (x 2) 17. not possible Exercise 8C (p. 164)
6. not possible 18. (x ‡ 6) (x ‡ 7) 1. 54; 126; 188; 233; 311; 375; 420; 502
7. (x ‡ 7) (x 1) 19. (x 3) (x ‡ 3) 2. 126; 154; 144; 175; 118
8. (x ‡ 15) (x 2) 20. (x 6) (x 4) 3. a miles: 10; 26; 54; 72; 111; 139; 154
9. (x 8) (x 3) 21. (x 4) (x ‡ 17) b i 67 miles ii 101 miles
10. not possible 22. (x ‡ 13) (x 2) 4. a (£) 25; 73; 81; 136; 170; 185; 190
11. (x ‡ 15) (x 1) 23. (a 7) (a 9) b £190
12. (2 x) (14 ‡ x) 24. (7 x) (4 ‡ x) c Thursday

Exercise 7K (p. 154) Exercise 8D (p. 167)

1. a 10(a ‡ 2) b 5p(3p 2) 1. Cumulative frequency: 3, 11, 15, 18, 23, 25, 26
2. a 4b(a 2c) b 5(b2 ‡ 3b 1) a 26 b 11
3. a (a ‡ 6) (a ‡ 3) b (x 8) (x ‡ 1) 2. Cumulative frequency: 7, 21, 39, 72, 108, 151, 172, 187,
4. a (7 ‡ x) (3 ‡ x) b (5 x) (2 x) 195, 200
5. a (a 6) (a ‡ 6) b (4 x) (4 ‡ x) a 200 b 108 c 49
6. a 18.5 b 23 d No; 15 are in range 71±80 but we do not know how
7. a 400 b 4.2 many of these scored 75.
e need to know estimation of distribution within 51±60
range
Exercise 7L (p. 154) 3. Cumulative frequency: 8, 22, 55, 61, 66, 69, 70
1. a 4z2 (2z 1) b 5y(x 4z) a 70 b 55 c 48
2. a a(7 a) b (x 9) (x ‡ 3) 4. Frequency: 77, 124, 182, 228, 164, 92, 73, 32, 22, 9
3. a (x ‡ 7) (x ‡ 5) b 2(a 4) (a ‡ 1) Cumulative frequency: 77, 201, 383, 611, 775, 867, 940,
4. a (10 x) (10 ‡ x) b (x 3) (x ‡ 3) 972, 994, 1003
5. a (x ‡ 8) (x 1) b (a 7)2 a 136 b 611 c 666 d could be shared
6. a 49.2 b 30.45 5. Frequency: 2, 4, 9, 9, 12, 15, 13, 8, 5, 8, 6, 4
7. a 12 b 0.286 a 13 b 23

11
Exercise 8E (p. 171) 2. £57 000
1. f
30 200

Cumulative frequency
150

median  £57000
20 100

50

10 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Price (£  1000)

3. a 48 b 35
4. a 80 b 48
0 5. 56
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
200
Score

Cumulative frequency
150
2.
median  56
200 100
Cumulative frequency

150 50

100 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Mark
50
6. median 44; crossings 62
7. 36 cars/hour
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 f
Mark 70
Cumulative frequency

b 20 60
c '113 50
3.
P
40 median  36

70 30
20

60 10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
50 Cars/hour

40 Exercise 8G (p. 177)

1. question 1, Q3 3.3, Q1 0.4, iqr 2.9;
30 question 2, Q3 60, Q1 35, iqr 25;
question 3, Q3 56, Q1 34, iqr 22
20 2. a 22 b Q3 33.5, Q1 16, iqr 17.5
3.
Cumulative frequency

10
300

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 200
Score
b 6
100

Exercise 8F (p. 173)

0
1. question 1, 1.5; 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Age
question 2, 48;
question 3, 46 a 328 b 63 c Q3 74, Q1 49, iqr 25

12
4. Exercise 8H (p. 180)
90
1. a 53 b 90
c
80 250

70 225

60 200
Cumulative frequency

50 175

Cumulative frequency
40 150

30
125

20
100

10
75

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 50
Number of bulls

a 9 b Q3 17, Q1 3.5 25
5. a Score 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74
Cumulative 0
frequency 4 11 20 29 35 38 39 40 0 20 40 60 80 100
Mark
b 20 c 20 d 69 d i 57.5 ii 68, 43
e can be found directly from the table as the scores are e 89
i 250 54
ii 125
not grouped 2. a 20 d £4.20
6. b £2.60 e £735
160
c 60 children receive £1.50 or less f £3.06
140 3.
Cumulative frequency

120 80

100
80 70

60
40 60
20
Cumulative frequency

0 50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

a 38 b Q3 51, Q1 29, iqr 22 c 28

40
7.
120
30
100

20
Cumulative frequency

80

10
60

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
40
Mark
3
a 33 b 39, 24 c 18 d 27 e 8
20 f Mark 1j2 means 12
0 8889
1 23356889
0 2 011333444567777899
0 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Length (cm) 3 01112222233334445566677778888999
4 0133456777889
a 11.7 cm b Q3 12.4, Q1 10.8 5 22478

13
 4. a Herd A: median 13, range 20, iqr 5; (x ‡ y) (VI)
5. w ˆ 13. R ˆ
Herd B: median 11, range 20, iqr 5.5 2 2
(l k) (p ‡ w)
b The median yield of Herd A is higher. The ranges are 6. tˆ 14. r ˆ
4 2
the same but the interquartile range of Herd A is (x w)
lower. The yield per cow in Herd A is less variable and 7. yˆ 15. c ˆ 2(a b)
6
generally slightly higher than for Herd B. (It N)
5 8. sˆ 16. r ˆ 5(q p)
5. a i 98 ii 102 b i 102 ii 0 2
e Girls: median £3.00, iqr £3.30 9. y ˆ 4x 17. u ˆ v at, u ˆ 140
Boys: median £3.80, iqr £3.80 3
(u v) C , B ˆ 17.5
f Both the range and the interquartile range of the boys' 10. tˆ 18. B ˆ A
5 100
spending money is higher than the girls'. On average
11. I ˆ 10(A P) 19. C ˆ PN, C ˆ 10
the boys have over a pound more spending money
than the girls. 12. y ˆ 3(x z) 20. X ˆ 2(z ‡ 3t), x ˆ 10
21. a a ˆ b ‡ 2c b 4 c b ˆ a 2c
Chapter 9 22. a x ˆ 2yz b 12 c yˆ x
2z
Exercise 9B (p. 186)
23. a d ˆ e2 ‡ 2f b f ˆ 12 (d e2 ) c fˆ 1
2
1. a ˆ b ‡ c 6. n ˆ p ‡ p2 11. N ˆ y ‡ z
250) (F
2. m ˆ 2(n ‡ p) 7. v ˆ u ‡ at 12. b ˆ ac 24. a 4008F
25
b Gˆ c 8
1000
y (h 40)
3. z ˆ xy 8. R ˆ Np 13. R ˆ x ‡ 25. a 159 cm b fˆ c 33.7
10 5 3.5
(nx) d 2.86 cm The formula is only valid for adult women.
4. a ˆ 2bc 9. Q ˆ P r
100 1=2
5. d ˆ e f 10. X ˆ xy 26. H ˆ W ˆ W , 2.01 m
I I
Exercise 9C (p. 187)
Exercise 9G (p. 196)
1. 2 9. 2 23
2. 3
10. 2 1. v2 ˆ u2 ‡ 4us 6. s ˆ 2us ‡ 20s2
4
3. 30 11. 32 2. p ˆ v 7. P ˆ 4V 2
2
4. 24 12. 21 (p ‡ q)
3. p ˆ r 4t2 8. n ˆ
5. a 6 b 14.96 c 1.4141 13. 6 (p q)
2
6. a 10 b 8.61 14. 1605.5 cm3 4. A ˆ 2ac ‡ 5a 9. P ˆ 13 (2 S)
2
7. 4 15. 103 mm/Hg 2 2
8. a 9 b 141.61 16. a 9.71% b 4.26% 5. A ˆ 3b (b a) 10. a ˆ 10c ˆ 5c
4 4 2
Exercise 9D (p. 189) Exercise 9H (p. 197)
1. a 6 b 4 1. 3, 5, 7, 9, 15 5. 0, 3, 8, 15, 48
2. a 13 b 3 2. 1, 3, 5, 7, 13 6. 5, 6, 7, 8, 11
3. a 4 b 3 3. 2, 4, 8, 16, 128 7. 5, 7, 9, 11, 17
4. a 17 b 8 4. 1, 4, 9, 16, 49 8. 1, 1
2
, 1
3
, 1
4
, 17
5. a 3.7 b 2.9
6. a bˆ6 c any jump over 6 m Exercise 9I (p. 198)
b a ˆ 100 d i 25 ii 179.56 1. 3n 10. n(n ‡ 2)
2. n 11. n3
Exercise 9E (p. 192) 3. n‡1 12. 4 n
1. 4
5
11. y ˆ x 3 21. t ˆ 2v 4. n 1 13. n2 ‡ 5
2. 1 12. b ˆ a ‡ c 22. b ˆ a 5. 4n 14. 2n2 ‡ 1
c 6. 5n 15. 12 n2
3. 1 13 13. v ˆ u ‡ 5 23. u ˆ 3t 7. 5 ‡ 2n 16. n3 ‡ 2
2
4. 3
14. y ˆ z x 24. m ˆ kl 8. 3(n 1) 17. 2n , (2n ‡ 1)th
5. 2.5 15. Y ˆ X ‡ Z 25. b ˆ a 9. 1
3 (n ‡ 2)
6. 3 16. s ˆ r 2t 26. N ˆ 10X
18. a 2 m b 20 m c n2 ‡ n m
7. 7
8
17. m ˆ k l 27. u ˆ v
t Exercise 9J (p. 200)
2
8. 9
18. P ˆ N ‡ Q 28. w ˆ 100z
1 1. z ˆ 3x y
9. 3
19. u ˆ v 10t 29. p ˆ nq
2. a 5.24 b 9.7
10. s ˆ p r 20. y ˆ x
2 3. a d ˆ C b dˆa c
p
Exercise 9F (p. 193) (a c)
4. a b ˆ b b ˆ 2(c a)
(p r) (b a) 7
1. s ˆ 3. c ˆ 5. a 4, 10, 18, 28, 180 b n ‡n 2
2 4
(u v) (V 3u) 6. a 48 b 4
2. t ˆ 4. v ˆ
3 2 7. v ˆ 21u

14
Exercise 9K (p. 200)
Summary 3
1. P ˆ 4x 10 5. a 2, 7, 12, 17, 97 b n2 1 Revision Exercise 3.1 p. 218)
2. a 37.5 b 550 6. 1.5 1. a 3 3x b a2 ‡ 3ab ‡ 2b2 c x2 9x ‡ 18
3. a 56 b 21.1 2. a x2 ‡ 4x 21 b 3x2 7x 20 c 15x2 7x 2
4. a Q ˆ 10P 7. a ˆ 4 h2 3. a x2 ‡ 10x ‡ 25 b 4x2 9y2 c 2x2 ‡ 6x ‡ 2
(P R) 4. a i y ii y
b Qˆ
3

Chapter 10 O x O x

Exercise 10B (p. 204)

b i 2 4 x 4 4, 2 4 y 4 3 ii 1 < x 4 5, 2 < y42
1. x ˆ 3, y ˆ 1 5. x ˆ 0, y ˆ 1 9. x ˆ 3, y ˆ 1 5. a y c y
2. x ˆ 1, y ˆ 2 6. x ˆ 4, y ˆ 3 10. x ˆ 0, y ˆ 3 y  3x
3. x ˆ 13 , y ˆ 1 7. x ˆ 1, y ˆ 2 11. x ˆ 1, y ˆ 1
y4x
4. x ˆ 12, y ˆ 27 8. x ˆ 2, y ˆ 1 12. p ˆ 3, q ˆ 12 O x O x

Exercise 10C (p. 205)

xy2
1. x ˆ 3, y ˆ 2 15. x ˆ 3, y ˆ 2
b y
2. x ˆ 1, y ˆ 5 16. x ˆ 2, y ˆ 2
3. x ˆ 3, y ˆ 1 17. x ˆ 0, y ˆ 4
4. x ˆ 1.5, y ˆ 0 18. x ˆ 1, y ˆ 2
O x
5. x ˆ 0, y ˆ 6 19 x ˆ 1, y ˆ 1 y  3x  2
6. x ˆ 3, y ˆ 1 20. x ˆ 3, y ˆ 1
7. x ˆ 1, y ˆ 4 21. x ˆ 2, y ˆ 1
6. y
8. x ˆ 1, y ˆ 1 22. x ˆ 8, y ˆ 4
9. x ˆ 2, y ˆ 2 23. x ˆ 3, y ˆ 4
10. x ˆ 3, y ˆ 1 24. x ˆ 3, y ˆ 3 12 xy5

11. x ˆ 4, y ˆ 2 25. x ˆ 3, y ˆ 4
12. x ˆ 3, y ˆ 0 26. x ˆ 2, y ˆ 5 O x
y  2x
13. x ˆ 2, y ˆ 23 27. x ˆ 3, y ˆ 2 x1
14. q ˆ 2, p ˆ 1 28. x ˆ 1, y ˆ 3 7. a 4(a ‡ 3) b x(x 5) c b2 (b 3)
8. a (x ‡ 9) (x ‡ 2) b (x 2) (x 4) c (x 5)2
Exercise 10D (p. 206) 9. a (x 5) (x ‡ 3) c (3 ‡ x) (6 ‡ x)
1. x ˆ 1, y ˆ 4 13. x ˆ 2, y ˆ 4 b (x ‡ 4) (x 2) d (7 x) (2 ‡ x)
2. x ˆ 1, y ˆ 5 14. x ˆ 5, y ˆ 3 10. a i (a ‡ b) (a b) iii (4x ‡ y) (4x y)
3. x ˆ 3, y ˆ 2 15. x ˆ 1, y ˆ 1 ii (p ‡ 2q) (p 2q)
4. x ˆ 1, y ˆ 1 16. x ˆ 2, y ˆ 7 b i 3400 ii 46.2
5. x ˆ 3.5, y ˆ 2.5 17. x ˆ 4, y ˆ 6 Revision Exercise 3.2 (p. 219)
6. x ˆ 1, y ˆ 2 18. x ˆ 1, y ˆ 1 1. a 0±5 b 6.1
7. x ˆ 6, y ˆ 28 19. x ˆ 1, y ˆ 10 2.
8. x ˆ 2, y ˆ 3 20. x ˆ 73 , y ˆ 23 40
9. x ˆ 3, y ˆ 1 21. x ˆ 1, y ˆ 5
10. x ˆ 5, y ˆ 0 22. x ˆ 12, y ˆ 4
11. x ˆ 0, y ˆ 4 23. x ˆ 2, y ˆ 6
12. x ˆ 4, y ˆ 5 24. x ˆ 4 12 , y ˆ 7 12
30
Exercise 10F (p. 209)
Cumulative frequency

1. x ‡ y ˆ 15; x ‡ 3 ˆ y; x ˆ 6
2. 4x ‡ y ˆ 540; 2y ˆ x; 1208 3. 70 mm
4. a 3x ‡ y ˆ 33; x ‡ 3y ˆ 19 b x ˆ 10, y ˆ 3
20
5. 10, 6 6. 11, 5
7. a 4a ‡ 6b ˆ 200; a ‡ b ˆ 48 b 44
8. 45
9. a C ˆ 2.5n b C ˆ 50 ‡ 0.5n c 25
10. 8
10
11. a C ˆ 3n b C ˆ 50 ‡ n c n ˆ 25
12. y ˆ 2x ‡ 1 13. 8 m
14. No; if the glasses are the same price it costs £1.10
15. 95

Exercise 10G (p. 213) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Number of bad oranges
1. x ˆ 2.4 y ˆ 1.2 3. x ˆ 0.4 y ˆ 1.6 median 3 (from graph), 4.8 calculated; Q3 9.75, Q1 2.4,
1
2. x ˆ 2.4 y ˆ 0.9 4. x ˆ 3
y ˆ 1 23 iqr 7.35

15
 3. a 55 b 17 c med 9.1, Q 3 9.4, Q 1 8.85, iqr 0.55
c 8. C ˆ nx
9. a 16, 90.25 b V ˆ 24x3
50 10. a x ˆ 3, y ˆ 2 b x ˆ 2, y ˆ 1
Cumulative frequency

40
Revision Exercise 3.4 (p. 222)
1. a 0.65 0.75
30
b 45
55
c 192
20
2. a 16 1
b 36 c 2
36
3. £220.00
10 4. a 48 b 6:7 c £2.76
5. a 10ab ‡ 15ac c 7x2 ‡ 10x ‡ 3
0 b a ‡ 3b a2 3ab d x2 8xy ‡ 16y2
0 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 y
6.
Mass (kg)
i median 75.5; ii Q3 80.5, Q1 71
4. a x ˆ 3(p ‡ q) b z ˆ 2xy c zˆx‡y xy O x
5. a 7 b 5 c 7 7. a x(x ‡ 6) c (4 x) (2 x)
6. a 1, 4, 7, 10, 28 b 4n b (x 6) (x 4) d (p 6) (p ‡ 6)
7. a xˆ3 b R ˆ 15t2 8. a 9.88
8. a x ˆ 4, y ˆ 3 b x ˆ 5, y ˆ 1 b 40
9. a x ˆ 2, y ˆ 1 b x ˆ 2, y ˆ 3
10. a 3x ‡ 2y ˆ 24, x ‡ 2y ˆ 23, x ˆ 0.5, y ˆ 11.25
b x ˆ 2.6, y ˆ 1.6 Cumulative frequency 30

Revision Exercise 3.3 (p. 221) 20

2
1. a 10 15a c p 11p ‡ 24
b 3x 6xz ‡ 2y 4yz d 12 ‡ 5x 3x2 10
2. a 9x2 6x ‡ 1 b x2 ‡ 9x ‡ 10
3. a x 4 3, 2 < y < 2 c 2y 4 x ‡ 4, x ‡ y < 5, 0 4 y
0
b 3x ‡ y 4 6, 0 4 x, 0 4 y 0 5 10 15 20
Flowers per plant
4. y
y4x
med 9, Q 3 13, Q 1 6, iqr 7
(100I) (v2 u2 )
O 9. a T ˆ ,Tˆ2 b sˆ
x
2y  x  0 PR 2a
10. a x ˆ 4, y ˆ 1 b x ˆ 3, y ˆ 9
y  4  3x

5. a 5(3 x) c (x 7) (x 3)
b (x 5) (x ‡ 3) d 2(x2 ‡ 2x ‡ 4) Revision Exercise 3.5 (p. 224)
6. a (4 x) (3 x) c (3 a) (3 ‡ a) 5
1. a i 0.05 ii 8 iii
b (4 x) (3 ‡ x) d (5 x) (5 ‡ x) 9

7. a 9.08 cm b i 0.8_ 1_ ii 0.916_ _

iii 0.23076 9_
5 5 8 6
b 35 c i 90 ii 900
iii 90
iv 90
100
d 413
1
30 2. a 6
b 25
36
3. £150
4. a 1 : 2 13 b 2 cm
Cumulative frequency

5. a 15xy 6xz
b a2 ‡ 10a ‡ 24
20
c 5xz ‡ 20x ‡ 3yz ‡ 12y
d a2 ‡ 6ab ‡ 9b2
6. y 4 12 x ‡ 4, 12 x 4 y, 2 < x 4 5
7. a 3t(1 2t)
10 b 3(x2 ‡ 3x 4)
c (x 6) (x ‡ 2)
d (x ‡ 4)2
8. a 48 b 18 min d 8.8 min
(p q) (a ‡ c)
0 9. a x ˆ z ‡ 2y b rˆ c bˆ
0 8 9 10 2 3
Length (cm) 10. 24 mm, 74 mm, 74 mm

16
Chapter 11 Exercise 11G (p. 235)
1. 6, 5 11. 4, 2 21. 0, 4 31. 8, 3
Exercise 11B (p. 227) 2. 8, 2 12. 10, 5 22. 2, 1 32. 7, 5
1. a 8 b 0 c 0 3. 12, 3 13. 5, 2 23. 1, 2 33. 5, 10
2. a 0 b 5 c 0 4. 4, 2 14. 7, 1 24. 6, 2 34. 11, 8
3. a 0 b 7 c 0 5. 6, 4 15. 4, 2 25. 0, 2 35. 9, 5
4. a 33 b 0 c 0 6. 5, 7 16. 7, 3 26. 0, 3 36. 7, 2
5. a 24 b 0 c 0 7. 3, 2 17. 6, 2 27. 1, 2 37. 7, 4
6. a 72 b 0 c 20 8. 7, 1 18. 5, 4 28. 0, 12 38. 11, 5
7. 0 9. 0 11. 4 9. 4, 3 19. 7, 5 29. 4, 3 39. 5, 4
8. 0 10. any 12. 1 10. 5, 2 20. 5, 3 30. 3, 1 40. 5, 4
13. a 0 b 0
14. a 0 b 0 Exercise 11H (p. 237)
15. 0, 1 17. 0, 2 19. 3, 0 1. 5, 4 6. 2, 1 11. 0, 43 16. 12, 1
16. 0, 5 18. 0, 4 20. 9, 0 2. 2 7. 4, 1 12. 0, 53 17. 2, 2
3. 6, 6 8. 5, 3 13. 5, 3 18. 5, 2
3
4. 7, 1 9. 8, 4 14. 2
, 1 19. 0, 9
Exercise 11C (p. 229) 5. 3 10. 10, 3 15. 7, 5 20. 1, 9
1. 0, 3 12. 5, 9 23. a, b
2. 0, 5 13. 10, 7 24. 4, 1 Exercise 11I (p. 238)
3. 0, 3 14. 4, 7 25. 9, 8 1. a x2
4. 0, 4 15. 6, 1 26. 6, 7 b 6x ‡ 16
5. 0, 5 16. 8, 11 27. 10, 11 c x2 6x 16 ˆ 0; 8, 2
6. 0, 6 17. 3, 5 28. a, b 2. a x2 5x
7. 0, 10 18. 7, 2 29. a, b b x2 5x 14 ˆ 0; 2, 7
8. 0, 7 19. 2, 3 30. c, d 3. a x2 6
9. 0, 7 20. 4, 9 31. 32 , 12 b x2 ‡ x 6
10. 0, 9 21. 1, 8 32. 74 , 13 c x2 ‡ x 6 ˆ 66, 9 or 8
11. 1, 2 22. p, q d 58
4. 6
5. x2 ‡ x ˆ 56; 7, 49
Exercise 11D (p. 231) 6. y( y ‡ 5) ˆ 84, y ˆ 7 or 12, 7
1. 2, 1 15. 9, 2 29. 15, 1 7. x ‡ (x2 ‡ 2) ˆ 44; x ˆ 7 or 6; 6, 38
2. 7, 1 16. 13, 1 30. 6, 3 8. b x(x ‡ 3)
3. 2, 3 17. 3, 2 31. 1, 1 c x2 ‡ 3x 28 ˆ 0, x ˆ 4 or 7, 4 cm by 7 cm
4. 5, 2 18. 6, 2 32. 3, 3 9. b 1
x (x 5)
2
5. 4, 3 19. 5, 4 33. 4, 4 2
c x 5x 50 ˆ 0, x ˆ 10 or 5
6. 5, 1 20. 8, 3 34. 9, 9
d 5 cm
7. 11, 1 21. 2, 1 35. 13, 13
10. x(x ‡ 5) ˆ 66; x ˆ 11 or 6; 6 cm by 11 cm
8. 4, 2 22. 7, 1 36. 2, 2
11. 10 sec
9. 6, 2 23. 5, 3 37. 5, 5
12. a A : 20x, B : x2 , C : 30x
10. 12, 1 24. 6, 2 38. 10, 10
b x2 ‡ 50x ˆ 104; 2 m
11. 7, 1 25. 9, 2 39. 12, 12
13. 50 tonnes
12. 4, 2 26. 6, 1 40. 6, 6
14. a x2 ‡ (x ‡ 1)2
13. 4, 3 27. 5, 2
b 9
14. 5, 3 28. 13, 1
Exercise 11J (p. 241)

Exercise 11E (p. 233) 1. 1.4 5. 0.7 or 11.3 9. 3.17

3 7
2. 2.1 6. 1.3 10. 1.21 or 7.84
1. 0, 2 6. 0, 5 11. 0, 16. 0,
2 6 3. 2.8 7. 3.1 11. 4.18
5 7
2. 0, 10 7. 0, 3 12. 0, 8
17. 0, 12 4. 1.4 8. 6.9 12. 1.86
3. 0, 8 8. 0, 1 13. 0, 7 18. 0, 4
4. 0, 12 9. 0, 5
14. 0, 5
19. 0, 2

5. 0, 5
10. 0,
3
7
15. 0, 12
3
20. 0,
7
3 Chapter 12
4 5 7 14
Exercise 12B (p. 246)
1. a 3.8, 0.8 c 4.55, 1.55
Exercise 11F (p. 234)
b 4.7, 1.7 d 0.4, 2.6
1. 1 5. 3 9. 9 13. 6 2. a 4.8, 0.8 e 1.0, 3.0
2. 5 6. 4 10. 11 14. 20 b 3.7, 0.3 f 4.1, 0.1
3. 4 7. 1 11. 12 15. 8 c 4.2, 0.2 g 2.0, one answer only
4. 3 8. 10 12. 5 16. 23 d 0.6, 3.4 h no, need to plot to y ˆ 10

17
 3. a 2, 1 c 1.6, 0.6 14. C 17. D 19. C
b not possible 15. B 18. A 20. B
4. 2.8, 0.7 16. B
5. a y ˆ x2 ‡ 2x 4 b y ˆ 3 5x x2 21. no scales given so it is not possible to check other points
6. a 0.9, 3.9 b 0.3, 3.3 1 3x x2 ˆ 0
Exercise 12F (p. 259)
Exercise 12C (p. 249) 1. a i 2.5 ii 0.8
1. a 2.7 b 2.5 b kˆ3
2. b xˆ2 2. a i 138 ii 48
3. a i 3 ii 8 b 0.3, 1.5 c yes b 3.6 min
4. xˆ 3 c There is a value for temperature when time is zero so
5. a 1.7, only 1 solution not the form y ˆ 1
b 1; the line y ˆ 1 cuts the curve once only; 2.0 x
3. a 13.5 m c 1 sec and 4 sec
c i c < 0.85, c > 1 ii 0.85 < c < 1 b 15.5 m d 5 sec
6. When y ˆ 0, (x 2) or (x 3) or (x 4) is zero, 4. b 5a ‡ b ˆ 0
i.e. x ˆ 2, 3 or 4. c a ‡ b ˆ 10
d 2.5 and 12.5; h ˆ 2.5t2 ‡ 12.5t
Exercise 12D (p. 253)
5. a 6.4  106 metres c 12.5  106 , 6.1  106 metres
1. Cannot divide by zero. b 3.75
2. a 0.4 6. a ˆ 18 , b ˆ 1
b 0.4
c 5 Exercise 12G (p. 262)
d gets larger very fast
1. ‡ve increasing
e cannot divide by zero
2. ‡ve decreasing
f rotation order 2, 2 lines of symmetry
3. ‡ve large, decreasing to C then increasing
3. a cannot divide by zero b i 0.8 ii 1.1
4. ve increasing
4. a y ˆ 1 at x ˆ 12 c approaching zero
5. ‡ve increasing to C then decreasing
b 0.12 d no
6. large ‡ve decreasing to zero then ve increasing
5. a y < 0.1 and getting smaller
b No; if y ˆ 1 then xy ˆ 1 and x  0 6ˆ 1 Exercise 12H (p. 263)
x
c No; 0  y 6ˆ 1 1. a The temperature falls, rapidly at first then more slowly.
b zero
Exercise 12E (p. 254) c room temperature
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 2. a increase, no
5. y 10. y b B±C constant, C±D increasing more quickly
3 3. a i A±B; ii B±C
b max
x x c red, car stops
d D
e E
6. y 11. y
4. a bursts
1 b A±B increasing; B±C constant
x x c stopping to take breath
5. a large and positive at A, decreases to zero at B and
continues to decrease until large and negative at C
b i at A and C ii at B
7. y 12. y
6. climbs slowly then more quickly then rate of increase
1 slows until cruising height is reached and this height
x x remains steady
7. a room temperature
b increasing
c thermostat cutting in and out, keeping temperature
8. y 13. y
within a narrow range.
8. a i A to B and D to E ii B to C iii E to F
x 3 x b 7.5 min
c 240 km/h2
9. 400
y
9.
km/h

1
x

time

18
10. 500 Exercise 13C (p. 276)
1. a 10.5 cm b 52.4 cm2
yards 2. a 10.5 cm b 26.2 cm2
3. a 1.88 cm b 2.26 cm2
4. a 4.19 cm b 6.70 cm2
time 5. a 188 m b 6790 m2
11. 26 6. a 3.14 m b 18.8 m2
7. a 2.98 m b 2.84 m2
miles

Derek
8. a 19.4 m b 9
Carlos 9. 58.6 mm2
, about 5 hours 10. Green (102 cm2 rather than 92 cm2 )
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
hours 11. a 94.6 mm b 456 mm2
12. a Gita 16 sec c Phyllis 12. a 1.2 ha b 3 acres
b 0.5 sec d 40 m Exercise 13D (p. 279)
13. a c
2. 2175 cm3 8. 88 cm3
3. 32 000 cm3 9. 2577 cm3
depth
depth

4. 1920 cm3 10. 0.72 m3

5. 17.6 m3 11. 1728 cm3
6. 55.4 m3 12. 9 cm
time time
7. 0.66 cm3 13. 3.2 m2
b d
14. a 44 cm2 b 9 cm
depth

15. a 60 cm2 b 20 cm
depth

16. 28.9 cm
Exercise 13E (p. 282)
time
time 1. a 0.05 cm b 0.5 mm
14. 2. 14.4 in
3. 0.144 litres
depth

4. a 0.047 litres b 2.83 litres

5. a 13, 13, 10 c 1200 cm3
b 60 cm2 d 840 cm2
time 6. 0.1 mm
15. a b c 7. a 2250 m3 b 30 000 cm3 c 5.2 h
3
8. a 62.0 m b 46 500 kg
depth

depth

depth

9. 9.7 cm
10. 14 mm
11. 8.46 cm, volumes are equal, cuboid by 3 cm
time time time 12. 34.36 kg
13. a 12 (a ‡ b) ch
Chapter 13
1
b (a ‡ b) h ‡ c(a ‡ h ‡ b) ‡ c[(b a)2 ‡ h2 ] 2
14. 10.8 in
Exercise 13A (p. 271) 15. 89.1 g
1. 42 cm2 5. 30 Exercise 13F (p. 287)
2. 21 cm2 6. 33
1. a L c A e L
3. 94.5 cm2 7. 56
b V d V f A
4. 8.75 cm2 8. 12 150 mm2
2. a L c V e A
9. a 5.85 m2 c 2.16 m2
b V d L f A
b 1.6 m2 d 2.09 m2
3. a cm c cm2 e cm2
10. a 316 mm2 b 18 600 mm2 3
b cm d cm f cm3
11. a 72 cm2 b 5.76 m2
4. a A d A g L
12. 20 560 mm2
b V e V h L
13. 35.9 g
c L f A i A
5. c and e are wrong 7. 2
Exercise 13B (p. 274)
6. 2pr represents a length
1. a 22.5 sq feet b 216 sq inches 8. a 2r ‡ pr b pr 2 14 pr 2
2. 6.7 acres 1 2
9. V ˆ 3 pr h is the only one with correct dimensions
3. 6.5 acres 10. a p2 (R2 r2 ) b 14 p2 (R ‡ r) (R r)2
4. a 0.6 hectares b 1.6 acres 11. A ˆ 2pr(r ‡ h) is the only one with correct dimensions
5. a 60 296 960 acres c 244 000 km2 12. a pa2 b ‡ 4a2 c b 2pab ‡ 8ac ‡ 8a2
b 24 400 000 hectares
6. 78 744 km2 ; no, because the conversion is given only Puzzle
correct to 5 s.f. so the answer may not be correct to 5 s.f. 3

19
Chapter 14 6. Rotate 908 clockwise about ( 4, 3) then reflect about the
y-axis
Exercise 14B (p. 293) or reflect about y ˆ 2 x then translate 5 units right and
1. (5, 6), SF 2 3. (0, 1), SF 2 5. (2, 2), SF 1 3 units down.
2. (0, 1), SF 3 4. (1, 5), SF 2 6. ( 2, 2.5), SF 2 7. Reflect about the line y ˆ 2 then translate 5 units right.
7. B' 8. C 8. Reflect about the x-axis then translate 6 units right.
A
9. a L b T c LT
B' B
A' C' A' d (Bottom shape first) RR, TL, TLRR, I
e Top left R, top right RL, bottom left RT,
C A
bottom right RTL
B f (Bottom first) I, R, R2 , R3 , . . . R7
(3, 0), 2 C'
(2, 3), 3
Exercise 14G (p. 302)
9. a (0, 0) SF 1 b Rotation 1808, centre (0, 0)
11. C 12. 1. scalar 3. scalar 5. scalar 7. vector
2. vector 4. scalar 6. vector
B C B
A
Exercise 14H (p. 304)
B' A' A'      
1. 3 2 3
A
3. 5.
2 2 4
     
2. 4 4. 3 6. 5
C' C' 1 0 3
B'        
7. g ˆ 5 i ˆ 6 6 0
k ˆ mˆ
0 2 2 4
13.        
h ˆ 4 j ˆ 6 l ˆ 3 4
C n ˆ
B' A' 0 7 1 2
B
A 8±16.
g
C' a h
e
b d f
Exercise 14C (p. 296) i
c
1. mirror line yˆ0 7. mirror line y ˆ x 1
2. mirror line yˆ1 8. no, they are of different lengths
17. e ˆ 2a, d ˆ 3c 25. ( 9, 8) 33. ( 2, 3)
3. mirror line xˆ2 10. mirror line y ˆ 1 x
18. (7, 4) 26. (2, 0) 34. (1, 3)
4. mirror line yˆx 11. mirror line y ˆ 9 4x
19. (1, 2) 27. (7, 4) 35. (1, 5)
5. mirror line x ˆ 12 12. mirror line y ˆ 9 4x
20. ( 3, 7) 28. ( 9, 1) 36. ( 7, 4)
6. mirror line y ˆ 1, (2, 1) invariant
21. (1, 5) 29. ( 7, 3) 37. ( 1, 10)
22. (8, 1) 30. ( 6, 1) 38. ( 6, 6)
Exercise 14D (p. 299) 23. (8, 0) 31. ( 2, 3)
1. (0, 0), 908 clockwise 4. (1, 1), 908 clockwise 24. ( 1, 0) 32. (3, 2)
2. (1, 1), 908 anticlockwise 5. (1, 1), 1808
3. ( 1, 2), 1808 6. ( 1, 0), 1808 Exercise 14I (p. 306)
       
5 5 4 5
1. 2. 3. 4.
2 3 6 3
Exercise 14E (p. 300)
5. 7.
1. 828 anticlockwise 2. 1008 clockwise

Exercise 14F (p. 300)

6. 8.
1. 3.
P


    
9. question 5 5 , question 6 5 , question 7 4 ,
P
 1 3 2
question 8 4
2. 4. 3

Exercise 14J (p. 308)

P
1. a (3, 2), 0.5
P b A
C'

B B'
(In questions 5 to 9 the transformations given are not the only A'
possibilities.)
Q
5. Reflect about both axes. C

20
 2. a c (11, 5) Exercise 15E (p. 321)
B 1. 8 cm 2. 6 cm 3. 10 cm 4. 24 cm 5. 6 cm

Exercise 15F (p. 322)

c bˆA
1. similar, P b 3. not similar 5. not similar
A C b 4. similar, P b
b b ˆA
2. similar, Q bˆA

d Scale factor 3, centre (12, 3) Exercise 15G (p. 324)

3. a points (2, 0) and (0, 2)
1. x ˆ 4, y ˆ 4 5. x ˆ 4.8, y ˆ 9, w ˆ 1.8
b 908 clockwise
2. x ˆ 5, y ˆ 3.6, z ˆ 7.5 6. 2.56 km
c A 3 (6, 2), B3 (10, 2), C3 (10, 0)
  3. x ˆ 6.7 7. 900 m
1
d translation defined by the vector 4. x ˆ 2.6 8. 18 m  10 m
3
     
e i 1 ii 4 iii 5
3 4 13 Exercise 15H (p. 326)

1. A, C, E 4. similar 8 cm
2. a similar AB ˆ BC ˆ CA 5. similar
DF FE ED
Chapter 15 b not similar
Exercise 15A (p. 311) 3. similar 6.75 cm 6. x ˆ 2, y ˆ 10, z ˆ 4

1. yes 8. no
2. no 9. yes Summary 4
3. yes 10. yes Revision Exercise 4.1 (p. 332)
4. no 11. A, D
5. yes 12. A, C, E 1. a 4, 3 b 0, 5
6. yes 13. a T b F c T 2. a 7, 2 b 0, 3 c 6
7. no d F e T f F 3. a i 3, 5 ii 0, 13 iii 2, 10 iv 2, 2
b x(x ‡ 5) ˆ 24 8 cm  3 cm
4. a 2 b 5 c 6 d 0.5
Exercise 15B (p. 313)
5. B
1 a yes 6. a c
b AC 2 cm, CB 1.6 cm, A 0 C0 4 cm, C0 B0 3.2 cm
depth

depth
c 2
d all the same
2. a yes
b AC 3.8 cm, CB 3.4 cm, A 0 C0 2.5 cm, C0 B0 2.3 cm time time
c 0.7
b d
d all the same
depth

depth

3. a yes
b AC 33 mm, CB 26 mm, A 0 C0 20 mm, C0 B0 17 mm
c 0.6
d all the same time time
4. a yes 2 2
7. a 19.6 cm b 354 cm
b AC 20 mm, CB 30 mm, A 0 C0 30 mm, C0 B0 45 mm
8. a 31.4 cm b 188.5 cm2
c 1.5
9. a i 26 cm2 ii 9 cm b 5.53 cm
d all the same
10. a i V ii L iii A iv A
5. similar 6. similar 7. similar
b 258 cm3

Exercise 15C (p. 315) Revision Exercise 4.2 (p. 334)

1. ABC similar to PQR; AB ˆ BC ˆ CA 1. a y B B" Centre of
PQ QR RP
enlargement (3, 1)
2. ABC similar to PRQ; AB ˆ BC ˆ CA
C C"
A A" Scale factor 2
PR RQ QP
A' x
3. not similar
C'

Exercise 15D (p. 316)

B'
1. similar, 2.5 cm 7. 7.5 cm b A 00 (13, 2), B00 (10, 5), C00 (7, 3)
2. similar, 7.2 cm 8. 8.3 cm 2. gradient 1; intercept 3
3. not similar 9. 4.5 cm 3. (4, 8), 908 clockwise
4. similar, 6.3 cm 10. b 4 cm 4. C3 (6, 1)
5. 4.8 in 11. b CD ˆ 9 cm, DE ˆ 10.5 cm    
5. a i 1 ii 1
6. 7.5 cm 12. b EF ˆ 5 cm 7 7
13. b DE ˆ 18 cm, AE ˆ 13.5 cm, CE ˆ 4.5 cm b 1 unit right and 7 units down

21
 6. a yes b DF ˆ 0.75 a 31
AB b Q3 38, Q1 23
7. BC ˆ 8 cm
8. b CD ˆ 6.7 cm DE ˆ 8 cm c 37
9. similar; angle P ˆ angle A d 23
7
10. x ˆ 9 cm y ˆ 2 cm z ˆ 5 cm e 40
5. a i qˆp 5 ii t ˆ 3x iii x ˆ yz
Revision Exercise 4.3 (p. 336) b V ˆ 7b
6. a x ˆ 3, y ˆ 3 b x ˆ 3, y ˆ 4
1. a 0, 7 b 7, 7 c 4, 7
7. a 4, 6 b 7, 4 c 4, 6
2. a 1 b 3, 6 c 1, 3
8. D
3. a cubic b three: 2, 1, 5
9. y B
4. C
2 3
5 a i 14.4 cm ii 129.6 cm
b 5.06 cm B2
6. A y
B 48 square units B1

A1 A A2 C 2 C
C1
x O x
c C2 (10, 3)
D C
y d (9, 3), SF 13
7. B3
B 10. QR ˆ 16 cm
C A3 C3
A Revision Exercise 4.5 (p. 340)
A1 A2
B
B12
x 1. a i 0 8 ii 3 4
11 14 7 11
C1 b i 20
ii iii 125
25
iv 2000
C2 2
c 5
d reflection in x ‡ y ˆ 9
2. a 35 9
c 25 d 12
25
8. a no; ratios of corresponding sides are not equal.
3. a £45.00 b £7550
b i F ii T iii F iv T
4. a 32 cm and 56 cm b 20
9. b DE ˆ 12.5 cm
5. a a2 3ab ‡ 2b2 b 3x2 ‡ 7x ‡ 2 c p2 ‡ 2pq ‡ q2
6. a a(a 3) c (x 7) (x ‡ 7)
Revision Exercise 4.4 (p. 338) b (x ‡ 7) (x 1) d (7 x) (2 ‡ x)
1. a i 0.005 iii 0.32 v 0.054 7. a r ˆ 2.4 c 5(n 1)
ii 5.625 iv 0.78 vi 1.125 b 6, 12, 20, 30; 132 d P ˆ 4y2 ‡ 10y ‡ 4
b 4.5 4 w < 5.5 8. a 0, 45 c 8, 3
2. a 2.25 : 1 b £11 358 b 8, 7 d 3, 4
3. y 9. a 9 m2 b 36 m3 c 96 litres
10. EF ˆ 3.125 cm
O x 11. a Score 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74
Cum freq 4 11 20 29 35 38 39 40
b 20 d 69.5
4. c 20 e data not grouped
80
Chapter 16
70
Exercise 16A (p. 343)
1. b 26.58 c 0.5
60 2. b 26.58 c 0.5
3. b 26.58 c 0.5
Cumulative frequency

50 4. b 26.58 c 0.5
5. b 26.58 c 0.5
6. yes
40
7. b 378 c 0.75
8. b 318 c 0.6
30 9. b 378 c 0.75
10. b 508 c 1.2
20
Exercise 16B (p. 345)
1. 0.364 3. 3.08 5. 1.66
10
2. 0.532 4. 1.33
6. 0.501; drawing is not accurate to 3 s.f.
0 7. 0.277 9. 0.202 11. 0.066
0 10 20 30 40 50
Marks 8. 0.568 10. 1.74

22
Exercise 16D (p. 347) Exercise 17B (p. 364)
1. 5.64 cm 7. 14.1 cm 13. 4.50cm 19. 9.33 cm 1. 8.83 cm 6. 2.68 cm 11. 44.48 16. 33.48
2. 5.81 cm 8. 5.40 cm 14. 7.05 cm 20. 10.2 cm 2. 6.22 cm 7. 2.63 cm 12. 23.68 17. 30.08
3. 0.975 cm 9. 7.77 cm 15. 6.43 cm 21. 5.22 cm 3. 1.95 cm 8. 2.51 cm 13. 36.98 18. 42.28
4. 4.55 cm 10. 3.12 cm 16. 6.24 cm 22. 3.00 m 4. 1.08 cm 9. 9.54 cm 14. 51.38 19. 2.06 cm
5. 1.43 cm 11. 7.00 cm 17. 16.9 cm 23. 17.8 cm 5. 6.02 cm 10. 4.85 cm 15. 23.68 20. 28.28
6. 5.38 cm 12. 5.40 cm 18. 3.44 cm 24. 9.23 cm
Exercise 17C (p. 367)
Exercise 16E (p. 350) 1. 0.515 4. 0.708 7. 19.48 9. 45.68
1. 5.77 cm 6. 6.64 cm 11. 17.9 cm 16. 30.8 cm 2. 0.669 5. 0.498 8. 89.38 10. 76.18
2. 4.60 cm 7. 9.99 cm 12. 126 cm 17. 5.66 m 3. 0.998 6. 64.28
3. 3.68 cm 8. 14.1 cm 13. 5.10 m 18. 1.40 m
4. 5.60 cm 9. 34.5 cm 14. 69.9 m Exercise 17D (p. 368)
5. 8.96 cm 10. 3.50 cm 15. 3.23 cm
1. 8.48 cm 5. 3.08 cm 9. 53.18 13. 60.08
19. a 168 b 17.2 m
2. 5.07 cm 6. 3.22 cm 10. 68.08 14. 41.48
20. a 110.0 m b 13.6 m
3. 3.75 cm 7. 10.2 cm 11. 38.78 15. 63.38
4. 2.68 cm 8. 2.78 cm 12. 32.98 16. 56.98
Exercise 16F (p. 354)
1. 65.68 9. 20.68 17. 8.58 25. 9.58 Exercise 17E (p. 370)
2. 19.88 10. 64.48 18. 51.38 26. 39.88 1. tan 12. cos 23. 2.37 cm
3. 22.38 11. 45.08 19. 20.68 27. 59.08 2. cos 13. 36.98 24. 320 cm
4. 76.38 12. 18.48 20. 66.08 28. 23.28 3. sin 14. 49.58 25. b ˆ 44.48, B
A b ˆ 45.68
5. 54.58 13. 31.08 21. 6.88 29. 12.58 4. sin 15. 41.88 26. 4.50 cm
6. 17.28 14. 38.78 22. 67.48 30. 66.88 5. tan 16. 61.08 27. b ˆ 71.98, Z
X b ˆ 18.18
7. 34.08 15. 26.68 23. 18.48 31. 24.08 6. cos 17. 41.48 28. 35.3 cm
8. 44.88 16. 35.08 24. 8.18 32. 53.18 7. tan 18. 32.68 29. b ˆ 59.08, AB ˆ 166 m
C
8. sin 19. 3.06 cm 30. 12.2 cm
Exercise 16G (p. 355) 9. cos 20. 32.7 cm 31. 13.4 cm
1. 42.08 11. 33.78 21. 73.38 10. sin 21. 0.282 cm 32. 41.88
2. 33.78 12. 33.78 22. 38.78 11. tan 22. 1.09 cm
3. 55.08 13. 57.58 23. 47.78
4. 38.78 14. 36.98 24. 33.78 Exercise 17F (p. 374)
5. 36.98 15. 33.78 25. 51.38 1. 4.13 cm 4. 4.67 cm 7. 4.40 cm 9. 33.1 cm
6. 50.28 16. 24.48 26. 30.38 2. 8.72 cm 5. 14.9 cm 8. 14.9 cm 10. 42.6 cm
7. 22.88 17. 63.48 27. 42.58 3. 23.3 cm 6. 17.0 cm
8. 59.08 18. 31.88 28. 41.28
9. 26.68 19. 29.78 29. 56.38 Exercise 17G (p. 376)
10. 8.88 20. 59.08
1. a 8.99 m b 8.77 m c 39.4 m2
30. a 31.08 b 70.0 m
2. 19.58 7. a 23.4 m b 22.0 m
31. 26.68
3. 187 m 8. a 513 m b 22 m
32. a angles: A ˆ 59.08 B ˆ 62.08 C ˆ 59.08
4. 33.78 9. a 62.98 b 54.28
b 11.66 cm
5. 52 m 10. 15.4 m
33. 56.38
6. 209 m 11. 4.33 cm
34. a 10.2 km b 18.9 km
b ˆ 26.68 CAB b ˆ 45.08 CAE b ˆ 18.48 12. b x ˆ y tan 488 c x ˆ ( y ‡ 12) tan 368
35. EAB
d Tower is 25.2 m high. The moat is 22.7 m wide.
36. 3.08 m
13. a 235 km b 128 km c 268 km
37. 26.68
14. 5.6 cm
38. a 104.48, 75.68 b 5.1 cm
15. a 6.88 cm b 172 cm2
39. angle CAB ˆ 24.68, 130.88 2
16. a 35.2 cm b 11.6 cm c 33.8 cm2 d 1.39 cm2
40. 15.4 cm
41. b 2.61 m
42. 138.0 m Chapter 18
43. 26.7 m (or 10 cm less if the distance between Sam's eyes
and the top of his head is taken into account!) Exercise 18B (p. 382)
1. A complete circle 2. One twelfth of a circle

Chapter 17 12

Exercise 17A (p. 364)

9 3
1. 0.438 4. 0.603 7. 24.48 9. 44.78
2. 0.995 5. 0.981 8. 39.78 10. 69.68
3. 0.429 6. 56.58 6

23
 3. An arc from the bowler's hand to the 5. a i C
wicket
4. A straight line
(assuming the ground is flat)
5. An arc 6. A spiral 120°
B C'
ii

N N'
7. a A straight line parallel
120°
to the road at a
B
distance equal to the
road
radius of the wheel b BA turns through 1208
from it 6.
b An arc at a constant
distance from the
curve forming the
road
bend 7. a A circle of radius 4 cm, concentric with the circle of
radius 5 cm
8. A semicircle b A circle of radius 6 cm, concentric with the circle of
radius 5 cm
8.

C
A B
9. Approximately a circle 10. A circle (approximately) 9. a The perpendicular bisector of AB
b The perpendicular bisector of BC
10. It is the midpoint of AC.
E
11. X
earth S

A This curve is called a parabola.

11. a A circle of radius 80 cm
b A semicircle of radius 80 cm
12. Two straight lines parallel to AB, distant 3 cm from it and
joined by semicircles, centres A and B respectively, radius
3 cm Y
13. a A circle, centre C, radius 4 cm
b A circle, centre C, radius 8 cm
14. The perpendicular bisector of AB Exercise 18D (p. 391)
15. The bisector of ABCb
6. It divides 4LMN into two identical triangles.
16. a i The diagonal, BD, of the square 13.
C
ii The diagonal, AC, of the square
b Yes. The centre of the square 2.5 cm
17. A straight line parallel to AB and CD which is twice as far 2.5 cm
from AB as it is from CD. P
18. a A circle perpendicular to the plane of the paper with 1.5 cm
A 1.5 cm B
AB as diameter
b A circle perpendicular to the plane of the paper with AP ˆ 8.1 cm
AD as diameter 14. PB ˆ 4.5 cm 16. DX ˆ 4.2 cm
c A circle perpendicular to the plane of the paper with 15. CD ˆ 10.3 cm 17. AD ˆ 7.9 cm
AC as diameter 18. a 1 b infinite c 1 d 2 e 1 f 1
d A circle within the plane of the paper with OA as
radius
Exercise 18E (p. 396)
1. 2.
Exercise 18C (p. 386)
6 cm
1. A circle, centre O, radius OM
A 3 cm
2. A straight line parallel to AB distant 4 cm from it A
3. A circle, centre A, radius 5 cm 6 cm
4. A straight line parallel to OX, distant 2 cm from it on the
same side as A

24
 3. C b A circle, centre B, radius BA
c The curved surface of a cone, vertex at C and base
radius AB
6. The circle of intersection of the plane which bisects AB at
right angles and the sphere, centre C, radius 1000 m (this
assumes that the loci intersect)
A B
7. The line, perpendicular to ABC, that passes through the
4. circumcentre of 4ABC
6 cm 8. (Assume the drive is horizontal.)
3 cm

A B 5m

3.5 m
4m
5.
50 m D 1
100 m 2m
A

B Exercise 18H (p. 400)

C 50 m 100 m
1. A straight line, parallel to the top of the page and 3 cm
6. below it.
A B
2.
60 m C
D
X Y
50 m 50 m

4. a (circle radius 4.5 cm) b A

c 4 points, each 4.5 cm
7. from X
A
C D

Near to the boundary line

B between the two areas.
B
8. 5. a Two planes, 8 cm above and below plane ABCD and
L
A B parallel to it
b A plane, perpendicular to the plane ABCD, bisecting
AD and BC
M
c Two lines, parallel to AB and DC, 8 cm above and
8 cm below the midpoints of AD and BC
D C
N
e i 97.28 ii 908
9. a b Chapter 19
3m 3m P
P Exercise 19A (p. 403)
3m 3m 3m 1. a 5 b 2 c 2 d 7 e 4 f 2
4m
7m
2. a 1 b 1 c infinite d 1
4m
e 0 (the pedals destroy any symmetry)

Exercise 19B (p. 405)

1. a d g
Exercise 18G (p. 399)
1. a A sphere, centre A, of radius 5 cm
b The plane that bisects AB at right angles
b e h
c A circle of radius 3 cm which lies in the plane that
bisects AB at right angles
2. A sphere of radius 15 cm
3. Two spheres, one of radius 5 cm and one of radius 15 cm.
There are two possible spheres in this case but only one in
c f
question 2.
4. A sphere, centre the centre of the moon, radius 1800 km
5. a A circle, centre D, radius DA

25
2. a i ii Exercise 19C (p. 408)
1. a E G

b i ii A C
b 5.66 cm c 22.6 sq cm d yes e E H

c i ii

B C
Congruent with
EACG
3. a i 2. a E G b 8.49 cm c 31.2 cm2

ii iii
B

3. a P Q b 17.7 cm2
c 15.6 cm3 , 109.4 cm3
b i
or 15 58 , 109 38

ii iii
4. a P Q b

R Area  24 cm2
Area  32 cm2
c 152 cm2 d 96 cm3 e 24 cm3 f Cut (a)
5. a E b E
d i

ii B D F
Isosceles; BD  11.3 cm: Area  40 cm2
area  56.6 cm2

Chapter 20
4. a
Exercise 20B (p. 415)
or 1. The square root of any number between 0 and 1.
2. Not when x ˆ 4.
3. Diagonals of a rhombus cut at right angles and a
rhombus is a parallelogram.
b c 4. e.g. 120 , 40 and 40
5. square root step; i.e. 2 52 ˆ (3 52 )
6. cannot divide by x y since x y ˆ 0

Exercise 20C (p. 418)

1. O moves in a horizontal line 20 cm above the ground.
5. a 1 point b 20 cm c radius, 90
2. 3. 4. b tangent, 90

26
Exercise 20D (p. 420) 2. 1.82 m
1. OB ˆ 5 cm, CB ˆ 2 cm 5. 30  3. a angle C ˆ 57.68 angle A ˆ 32.48
2. x ˆ 30 7. 9.80 cm b 11.6 cm
3. a 40 b 50 8. 5 cm 4. a 11.0 cm
4. b ˆ 22.6
AB ˆ 12 cm, OBA b i 158 ii 14 cm
5. d PC ˆ 6.3 cm
Exercise 20E (p. 421) 6. a two infinite parallel lines 6 cm above and below AB
b i sphere, centre A, radius 8 cm
2. a 4 cm 3. 5.8 cm 4. 10.4 cm
ii plane parallel to and 6 cm above page
iii circle in plane, centre 6 cm above A, radius 5.3 cm

Summary 5 7. B
8. a 5
Revision Exercise 5.1 (p. 425) b
1. a 0.424 b 1.07 c 0.732 d 3.25
9. a 60 (equilateral 4)
2. a 31.88 b 73.68 c 53.18 d 11.38
b 30 (90 60 ˆ 30 )
3. 10.8 cm
c 90 (30 ‡ 60 )
4. a 32.08 b 51.38 c 30.88 d 60.48 b ˆ BEFb (tangent/radius)
10. A BE
5. a 12.5 km b 18.8 km
; AB jj EF (alt angles)
6. a 0.921 b 0.914 c 0.678 d 0.457
7. a 28.38 b 22.28 c 60.38 d 57.18
Revision Exercise 5.4 (p. 431)
8. a 55.28 b 43.48
9. a BC ˆ 4.77 cm, AB ˆ 7.63 cm 1. a i 0.36_ ii 0.6_ 3_
7 7
b AC ˆ 19.9 cm b i 9 ii 90
1
10. a 3.84 m b 4.87 m c 65
2. a 55.6% b £69.80
Revision Exercise 5.2 (p. 427) 3. a 4ab 12ac c 4x2 ‡ 19x 5
b x2 4x 12 d 25p2 4q2
1. a perpendicular bisector of road AB 2
4. a i a (1 ‡ a) iii (x ‡ 6) (x ‡ 4)
b line bisecting angle ABC
ii (x 7) (x ‡ 3) iv (x ‡ y) (x y)
2. AX ˆ 5.9 cm
b 50.8
3. a 4 c 6 2 cm
5. a 5 14
(4z ‡ 2y)
6 cm 6 cm b i bˆa‡c ii x ˆ iii c ˆ 5(A b)
2 3
c n ‡4
10 2 cm d i A ˆ 6pr2 ii A ˆ 3ph2 /2
b d 6. a i 4, 9 ii 0, 3 iii 7, 9
b 7
trapezium 7. a i 39 cm2 ii 0.0039 m2
3
4. a b b 0.0117 m
8. b BD ˆ 3 cm
9. a i AB ˆ 6.62 cm ii BC ˆ 10.6 cm
b i PR ˆ 9.47 cm ii QR ˆ 8.4 cm iii 3.83 cm
bˆA
10. B b (base angles of isosceles 4)
5. a 2 b
b ˆB
A CD b‡A b (ext € property of 4)
ˆ 2Bb

Revision Exercise 5.5 (p. 432)

6. i ii 30 6 30 6 35 7
1. a 365
ˆ 73
c 365
ˆ 73
e 365
ˆ 73
4 60 12
b 365
d 365
ˆ 73
leap year so 366 instead of 365 in denominator
2. a 84 km b 20 litres
7. e.g. OA ˆ OB (radii), 3. a x 4 1; y 4 x ; y 5 0
TA ˆ TB (tangents from a point) ) OATB is a kite. b other triangular region shown
b ˆB
A b ˆT
b ˆ 90 , ; O b (opp € s of a kite are equal)
4. a variety A: median 13; range 20; iqr 4.8; variety B:
) OATB is a square. median 10.8; range 20; iqr 6.3
8. 76 b Variety A tends to be about 2 cm taller and less variable
9. a 6 cm b 4 cm in height.
10. x ˆ 30, y ˆ 60, z ˆ 90 5. a x ˆ 6, y ˆ 4
b x ˆ 6, y ˆ 2
Revision Exercise 5.3 (p. 429) 6. a A
1. a i 1.48 ii 0.773 b i slowed to halt
b i 26.28 ii 32.08 iii 65.08 ii accelerated through
c BC ˆ 4.36 cm iii slowed then accelerated through

27
7. a y A2 9. A d No
12
A1
10

A
6
B2
B
4 B1
C2 C
2 B C
C1
O
10. a
2 4 6 8 10 12 x
b centre (6, 4)
c A 2 (9, 12) B2 (12, 6) C2 (6, 3)
8. a 5.27 cm
b angle A ˆ 35.18 b i 5.66 cm ii 8.94 cm

28
9A

$ .  )