ME 6702-Mechatronics (MEC) WITH QB - BY Civildatas - Com 12 PDF

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ME2401-MECHATRONICS IV/VII MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
TWO MARKS QUESTION WITH ANSWER
1. What are the key elements of Mechatronics system? [AU, April / May - 2010]
sensors and actuators
signals and conditioning
digital logic system
computer and display devices
software and data acquisition
2. Mention the functions of a Mechatronics system. [AU, May / June - 2013]

It allows to integrate the mechanical systems with micro electronics to obtain the process design
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automation
It ensue the higher efficiency and reliability for the quality of products
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3. What do you understand by signal conditioning? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
A signal conditioning mans manipulating an analog signal in such a way that it meet the requirement
of the next stage for further processing.
4. Give an example for a transducer and state its transduction principle. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
of energy.eg thermocouple tas

Transducers are device which converts an input of one form of energy into an output of another form
5. List any four types of sensors and mention their features. [AU, May / June - 2013]
lda
1.based on power requirements
passive and active
2.based on the type of output
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analog and digital

3.Based on sensing
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primary and secondary

6. State the advantage of capacitive type proximity sensor. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
capacitors are noiseless
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high accuracy
high sensitivity
high resolution
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7. What is RTD? State its applications. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]

It is sensor used to measure the temperature by correlating the resistance of the rtd element of
temperature
Application
a. precision process temperature control(textile, chemical ,food)
b. automatic temperature control(test chamber , oven temperature)
8. List down the type of proximity sensor . (nov/dec 2013)

optical encoders
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hall effects
capacitive sensors
proximity switches
9. Distinguish between position sensors and light sensors . (nov/dec 2013)

A position sensor is used to monitor the position of the throttle in an IC engine. Its located on the
spindle so that it can monitor the position of the throttle
The light sensors enables a robot to detect light . Its uses cadmium sulfosolenide
(cds)photoconductive photocell. The light sensor can give the robot vision and make it easier for it to
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operate autonomously.
7. What are the elements of the closed loop control system?
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The various elements of a closed loop control system are, a. Comparison element b. Control element
c. Correction element d. Process element e. Measurement element
8. What are the two types of feedback loop?
The two types of feed back loop are, a. Positive feed back loop b. Negative feed back loop. "The
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feedback is said to be negative/positive feedback when the signal; which is feed back, subtracts/adds from
the input value. It is required to control a system. The control elements decide what action to take when it
receives an error signal"
9. What are the types of control elements?
lda
There are two types of control elements. They are
a. Hard – wired systems
b. Programmable systems
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10. What are the main applications of mechatronics?

Washing machines, dish washers, micro ovens, cameras, camcorders, robots, automatic conveyors,
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computer-controlled machines
11. Obtain the basic functions of control systems.
1. To minimize the error between the actual and desired output
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2. To minimize the time response to load changes in the system

12. What are the types of control system?
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Open loop system

Closed loop system
13. List down the requirements of control systems.
Stability
Accuracy
Response

14. Give an example for open loop system and closed loop systems.
1. Closed loop system – Automatic water level controller
2. open loop system - Electric fire
15. Compare open loop control system and closed loop control system.
Open loop systems
It is suitable where accurate positioning of the tools is not required
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System is very simple
It is suitable for rough works
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Error is not currently checked and rectified
Closed loop systems
The feedback signal controls the table position accurately
Is used almost in all automation process
Its not suitable for rough works
Error is currently checked and rectified
tas
lda
16.Write about the Mechatronics approach in a micro-processor – controlled washing machine?
In the microprocessor-controlled washing machine, a mechanical system has become integrated
with electronic controls. As a consequence, a bulky mechanical system is replaced by a much more compact
microprocessor system, which is readily adjustable to give a greater variety of programs.
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17. What is the larger scale application of Mechatronics?

A larger scale application of Mechatronics is a Flexible Manufacturing engineering System (FMS)
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involving computer – controlled machines, robots, automatic material conveying and overall supervisory
control.
18. List some of the applications of Mechatronics?
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1. Home Appliances: Washing machine, Bread machines etc 2. Automobile: Electrical fuel injection,
Antilock brake system 3. Aircraft: Flight control, Navigation system 4. Automated Manufacturing
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UNIT-II
1.Name the control components in a hydraulic actuation system. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.Hydraulic pumpsunit
2.control values
3.reciprocating or rotary unit
2. Write short notes on the working of a Ratchet and pawl mechanism. [AU, May / June - 2013]
m
A wheel provided with suitable shaped teeth, receiving an intermittent circular motion from an
oscillating member is called a Ratchet wheel. In a ratchet and pawl mechanism , the ratchet is based on a
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wheel that has teeth cut out it and a pawl that follows as the wheel turns
3.List any four solid state switches. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
Diodes, Transistors,(BJT,FET)and thyristors
1.Motor construction is simple and rugged
2. It has excellent position accuracy

tas
4.Highlight the properties of a stepper motor. [AU, May / June - 2013]
lda
3. It have high holding torque and they have property of being "self locking" when the rotor is
stationary
4. It having high torque at small angular velocities

vi
5. What is a servo motor? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
A servo motor is a rotary actuator that allows for precise control of angular position . It consists of a
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motor coupled to a sensor for position feed back , through reduction gear box
6.compare hydraulic systems with pneumatic systems
s.no Hydraulic system Pneumatic system

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1. It is used to controlling , transmitting and It is used in pressurized gases to influence

harnessing power using pressured fluids mechanical movement
2. It is used in the concepts of dams, rivers It is used inmining ,and general construction
.
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3. It using incompressible fluid medium It used compressible fluid medium

4. Pressure range is 80-100 psi Pressure ranges 1000-5000psi
7.state the function of a control valve
control valve is to direct , regulate the flow of fluid and regulate the pressure in various loading devices. It is
used for sensing , processing , controlling .
8. Define Actuator.
An actuator is an output device which performs useful works

9. Classify actuator based on motion.
1. Linear motion
Single acting cylinder

Double acting cylinder
2. Rotary Motion
Air motors
Rotary actuators
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3. Flow Control valve
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10. When is cascade control Needed?
The need for cascade control will occur when a final control element experiences signal overlap i.e.
when a trip valve mechanism is still held down , but the output signal has to been used and requires removal
11. Write down the principles of cascade control.
Evolve separate supply bus for each grouptas

A simple design procedure to determine the minimum number of groups in the circuit
Arrange selector valves to divert the supply to whichever is the active group
lda
12. Mention the various components of a hydraulic system.
Motor
Filter
Pump
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Pressure Regulator
Control Valve
Piston and cylinder
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13. What is called a pneumatic system?
System using gas for power transmission are called pneumatic systems and industrial system are usually
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based on air.
14. List down the components of pneumatic system.

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Motor driven compressor

Air receiver
Directional control
Pneumatic cylinder
15. What is the purpose of using filters in the hydraulic systems?
Filters are used to prevent dirt or dust entering important elements of hydraulic system like valves,
seals, etc. Filters are used to remove very finer particles.
16. What are the types of pumps used as energy source in a hydraulic system?

Centrifugal Pump(Hydrodynamic Pumps)

Positive displacement pump
a. Gear Pumps
b. Vane Pumps
c. Piston pumps
17. What are the factors to be considered for selecting compressors?
The type of air compressor is selected dependent on quality of air, pressure and cleanliness
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18. List the features of synchronous motor.
It operates at a current speed from no load to full load

Power factor of the motor can be controlled easily
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19. What is a stepper motor?
A stepper motor is a rotating machine which converts a DC voltage pulse into a series of discrete
rotational steps. Each step position is an equilibrium position without further excitation, this makes it ideally
suitable for the use with digital control
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20. What are the factors to be considered for selecting solenoids?
a. The size of the mechanical load. b. The movement distance of plunger. c. The type of electrical
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connections. d. The type of value of current and voltage.
vi
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UNIT-III
1.What are the features of an operational amplifier? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1. the input current are almost zero
2.High gain, on the order of a million .
3.High input impedance , low output impedance
4.op-amp amplify dc and ac
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2.Defineinertance
Fluid interance is due to fluid inertia such as the in a long pipe. It is defined as
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I=pressure differential/Rate of change of flow rate
3. What are the steps involved in the operation of a digital controller? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
The microprocessor is used to initiate the control mode to process the errors .it is decided by the
microprocessor program. The clock signal is used to synchronize the operation in the ADC,DAC and micro
processor
tas
4. What do you mean by discrete process controllers? [AU, May / June - 2013]
The process controller which is used to produce discrete pieces of products is called discrete process
lda
controllers
5.What are the various stages of operation of an adaptive control system? [AU, May / June - 2013
1. Non linearity system 4. estimation 7.computer control
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2. Stability theory 5.optimization 8.Sampled systems

3. stochastic control 6. linear system 9.control design
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6.Define the term electromechanical systems.

It is device used to transform electrical signal into rotational motion and vice versa
eg. potentiometers , motors, generators
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7.What are the advantages and disadvantage of PID controller ?

It is used to eliminate the offset problem in P controller and to minimize the error by adjusting the
process control outputs
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8. What is PI control? [AU, April / May – 2011]

The output of the PI controller is proportional to the linear combination of input error and time
integral of input error
9. What are the various control modes in the mechatronics control systems? [AU, April / May - 2010]
1. Two step mode
2.proportional control mode

3.integeral control mode

4. derivate control mode
5. proportional + integral
6. proportional + derivative
7. proportional integral derivate mode
10. Define steady state error
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Its used to indicate the difference between the set value iput and the ouput after transients have died
away
11.list the application of digital system
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1. computers
2.telephony
3.data processing
12. List the basic blocks of electrical systems
1. resistor
2. inductor
tas
lda
3. capacitor
13. What are the basic blocks of fluid system
1.hydralic system
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2. Pneumatic system
14. What are the basic blocks of hydraulic systems.
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1. hydraulic resistance
2. hydraulicintertance 3. hydraulic capacitance
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15.What are basic blocks in pneumatic system

1. pneumatic resistance
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2. pneumaticintertance 3. pneumatic capacitance

16. What are the basic building blocks of thermal system ?
1. resistance
2. capacitance
17. What is a block diagram ?
It is a diagrammatic representation of the flow of signal . It gives inter relationship between various
components

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tas
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UNIT-IV
1. What is a PLC? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012,2013]


A Programmable logic controller is a microprocessor based controller that uses a programmable

memory to store instruction and to implement functions such as logic , sequencing , timing, counting, and
arithmetic in order to control machines and process.
2. Write short notes on the basic arrangement of a PLC system. [AU, May / June - 2013]
1. central processing unit
2. programmer/monitor
3. input and output modules
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3.What is an internal relay in PLC? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
Most PLCs have an area of memory allocated for internal storage that are used to hold data, which
behave like relays. It can able to switch ON and Off . But this is for only internal purpose. This will not
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exist in the real world
4.Define adaptive control. (nov/dec-11)
The control system which can adapt changes and it can change its parameters depending on the
situation .it is known as adaptive control system
tas
5. What is Shift register? What is the data required for a shift register? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
Shift register can be used where sequence of operation is required or movement or track the flow of
parts and information
lda
It requires three inputs and the following information is to be provided
1.file-address of the bit array
2.control- addresss of control structure
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3. bit address-address of source bit

4. length -number of bits in bit array
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6. State the purpose of shift registers. [AU, May / June - 2013]

Shift register can be used where sequence of operation is required or movement or track the flow of
parts and information
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7.What are shift register ? [nov/dec 2013]

The no of internal relays is grouped together that allows the shifting of bits serially through an array
in an orderly fashion called shift register. shift register are used where sequence of operation is required or
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movement or track the flow of parts and information

8. What is main advantage of PLC?
PLC’s have great advantage that it is possible to modify a control system without having to rewire
the connections to the input and output devices.
9. What are the features of PLC as a controller?
The features of PLC as a controller are,
a. They are rugged and designed to withstand vibrations, temperature, humidity and noise.

b. The interfacing for inputs and outputs is inside the controller.

c. They are easily programmed and have an easily understood programming language.
10. Write about the architecture of a PLC?
It consists essentially of a central processing unit (CPU), memory and input/output circuitry. The
CPU controls and processes all the operations within the PLC. It is supplied with a clock with a frequency
between 1 and 8 MHz. It also has a bus system, memory and input/output units, a system ROM for
permanent storage, RAM for the users program and temporary buffers.
11. What is ladder programming?
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The ladder programming involves each program task being specified as though a rung of a ladder.
Thus such a rung could specify that the state of switches A and B, the inputs, be examined and if A and B
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are both closed then a solenoid, the output is energized .
12.List down the different types of timers .
1. on delay
2. off delay
3. retentive timer (RTO )
13.What is mean Retentive timer ?
tas
lda
Retentive on delay timer (RTO) will hold its accumulated value when timer rung goes false and will
continue timing where it left off when timer rungs goes true again
14. List down the general application of PLC for control.
1. control of a process motor , vibrating machine
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2. Control of a two pneumatic piston

3. Detecting , sorting and packing unit
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15. What are the factor to be considered for selecting plc .

1. system definition
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2. choosing the input and output hardware

3. Analog input / output module
4. input and output timing consideration
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UNIT -V
1.List down the various stages in mechatronic system design. [AU, May / June - 2013]

1.need of design
2.analysis the problem
3.preparation of specification
4.generation of possible solution
5.selection of suitable solution
6.production of detailed design
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7.production of working drawing
8.implementing of design
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2. List the drawbacks of traditional design approach. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.less flexible
2.less accurate
3.more complicate mechanism in design
4.it having more components and moving parts
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3. Compare traditional and mechatronic design. [AU, May / June , - 2013 ]
lda
s.no Traditional approach Mechatronics approach
1 The cam operated rocker arm mechanism The valve operation is controlled by the
control the valve operation. The rotation of signal received from electronic control
cam is based on the crank rotation unit .The timing of valve operation is pre-
programmed in the micro controller
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2 The engine speed regulation is based on the The engine speed regulation is based on
governor controlled throttle valve. The the input signal from speed sensor,
governor is actuated by the speed of the temperature sensor and MAF sensor.
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crack shaft. The speed control has no effect Based on the sensor information the
on the engine temperature and air flow throttling valve is controlled by micro
controller
3 Spark timing of the spark plug is controlled Spark timing of the spark plug is
by the ignition coil and distributer at controlled by the ignition coil that
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constant pre-set interval receives signals from the micro controller

through a timing sequence program
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4.Name the sensors used in car Engine management system. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
1. Air flow sensor
2. Ford type MAP sensor
3. Hall effect and AC excited sensors
5.Write the basic steps of the program to run a stepper motor?
steps1: advance astep by applying a data

step 2: call time delay routine to complete steps

step3:repeat step 1,2until the required no of steps completed in forward direction
step 4: To reverse the direction of stepper motor , the same steps given above are repeated in the
reverse order of data
6.Distinguish between traditional approach and mechatronics design approach
s.no Traditional approach Mechatronics approach

1 It is based on traditional mechanical It is based on mechanical, electronics ,
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elements such as gear , spring , levers computer technology and control
engineering
2 More complicated mechanism and less complicated mechanism and moving
moving components components
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3 Input through pre-stressing of string Input through battery cell
4 Timing is less accurate Timing is more accurate
7.What is the role of opto – isolator in robot control? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
tas
TRIAC opto isolator consists of LEDand TRIAC . If the input of the led is 1, it glows and activate
the TRIAC to conduct the current to the solenoid valve. otherwise TRIAC will not conduct the current to
the solenoid valve.
8. What is meant by Duty Cycle? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
lda
A duty cycle is the time that an entity spends in an active state as a fraction of the total time under
consideration .
9. What is mean by wireless surveillance balloon?
vi
It is an Aerostats or Tethered balloons which carry surveillance cameras high up in the air to obtain a
broader perspective view of the target area.
10. What is an electronic engine management?
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An electronic engine management system is made up of sensors , actuators, and

related wiring that is tied into a central processor called microprocessor or micro computer
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11. List out the various sensors used in engine management system?
1. Throttle position sensor
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2.EGO sensors
3.MAP sensors
4. temperature sensors
5. Engine position sensors
6.MAF sensors
7.knock sensor

12. List down the various Mechatronics elements in an automatic camera.

1. Auto focusing mechanism control
2. mirror drive
3.lens drive
4. lens position encoders
13. Automatic camera is a Mechatronics system - justify
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A typical Mechatronics system should have some of the basic elements such a actuators , sensors ,
signal conditioning elements , digital logic systems. software display etc. As the automatic camera has all
those elements , it is considered s Mechatronics system .
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14. Name the two barriers used in automatic car parking system and state its uses .
There are two barrier used namely in barrier and out barrier . IN barrier is used to open when the
correct money is inserted while out barrier open when the car is detected in front of it
15.list out the various application of the wireless surveillance balloons
1. border security in military
2. enhancing battlefield
tas
lda
3. coastal surveillance
4.terrestial mapping
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TWO MARKS QUESTION WITH ANSWER

2. Mention the functions of a Mechatronics system. [AU, May / June - 2013]

of energy.eg thermocouple tas

analog and digital

primary and secondary

7. What is RTD? State its applications. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]

8. List down the type of proximity sensor . (nov/dec 2013)

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9. Distinguish between position sensors and light sensors . (nov/dec 2013)

10. What are the main applications of mechatronics?

2. To minimize the time response to load changes in the system

Open loop system

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17. What is the larger scale application of Mechatronics?

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3.reciprocating or rotary unit

Diodes, Transistors,(BJT,FET)and thyristors

1.Motor construction is simple and rugged

2. It has excellent position accuracy

4. It having high torque at small angular velocities

5. What is a servo motor? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

6.compare hydraulic systems with pneumatic systems

s.no Hydraulic system Pneumatic system

1. It is used to controlling , transmitting and It is used in pressurized gases to influence

3. It using incompressible fluid medium It used compressible fluid medium

An actuator is an output device which performs useful works

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9. Classify actuator based on motion.

Single acting cylinder

11. Write down the principles of cascade control.

Evolve separate supply bus for each grouptas

13. What is called a pneumatic system?

14. List down the components of pneumatic system.

Motor driven compressor

15. What is the purpose of using filters in the hydraulic systems?

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Centrifugal Pump(Hydrodynamic Pumps)

17. What are the factors to be considered for selecting compressors?

It operates at a current speed from no load to full load

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2. Stability theory 5.optimization 8.Sampled systems

6.Define the term electromechanical systems.

7.What are the advantages and disadvantage of PID controller ?

8. What is PI control? [AU, April / May – 2011]

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3.integeral control mode

15.What are basic blocks in pneumatic system

2. pneumaticintertance 3. pneumatic capacitance

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1. What is a PLC? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012,2013]

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A Programmable logic controller is a microprocessor based controller that uses a programmable

3. bit address-address of source bit

6. State the purpose of shift registers. [AU, May / June - 2013]

7.What are shift register ? [nov/dec 2013]