LED ( Light-Emitting Diode)

 Definition

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits visible light

when an electric current passes through it. Some LEDs emit infrared (IR) energy
such a device is known as an infrared-emitting diode (IRED).

 LED - Characteristics of current voltage

You can see from the screen, LED characteristics indicate that the color of the diode
influences the power consumed by the LED. LEDs that emit infrared colors consume the
least amount of power, where white is most consumed. This is because different diodes
have different threshold voltages. And from that we can see each LED voltage across the
PN junction and this parameter, which is the forward voltage drop for the conduction
current.
 Type of LED

1. Through-hole LEDs

These are available in different shapes and sizes and the most common ones being 3mm,
5mm and 8mm LEDs. These LEDs are available in different colors like Red, Blue,
Yellow, Green, White, etc.

2. SMD LEDs (Surface Mount Light Emitting Diodes)

Surface Mount or SMD LEDs are a special packages that can be easily surface mount on
a PCB. SMD LEDs are usually differentiated based on their physical dimensions. For
example, the most common SMD LEDs are 3528 and 5050.    
3. Bi-color LEDs

The next type of LEDs are Bi-color LEDs, as the name suggests, can emit two colors. Bi-
color LEDs have three leads, usually two anodes and a common cathode. Depending on
the configuration of the leads, the color will be activated.

4. RGB LED (Red – Blue – Green LED)

RGB LEDs are the most favorite and most popular LEDs among hobbyists and designers.
Even computer builds are very popular for implementing RGB LEDs in Computer Cases,
Motherboards, RAMs, etc.RGB LED contains 3 LEDs on a single chip and by a
technique called PWM (Pulse Width Modulation), we can control the output of the RGB
LED to produce a wide range of colors.
5. High – Power LEDs

An LED with power rating greater than or equal to 1 Watt is called a High Power LED.
This is because, normal LEDs have a power dissipation of few mill watts. High – Power
LEDs are very bright and are often used in Flashlights, Automobile Headlamps,
Spotlights, etc. Since the power dissipation of High – power LEDs is high, proper cooling
and usage of heat sinks is required. Also, the input power requirement for these LEDs
will be usually very high.    

 Colour of LED

Light emitting diodes are available in a wide range of colours with the most common
being AMBER, YELLOW, GREEN and BLUE and are thus widely used as visual
indicators and as moving light displays. Recently developed white coloured LEDs are
also available but these tend to be much more expensive than the normal standard
colours.
 Price List of LED

1. High – Power LEDs ( IDR 5.000,- )

2. Through-hole LEDs ( IDR 200,- )

3. SMD LEDs (Surface Mount Light Emitting Diodes) ( IDR 300,- )

4. Bi-color LEDs ( IDR 250,- )

5. RGB LED (Red – Blue – Green LED) ( IDR 5.000 )