Deep Energy

Efficiency

Tom Durkin, PE, LEED AP, ASHRAE Fellow

Senior Partner
Sims-Durkin Associates
Indianapolis, IN
Deep Energy Efficiency

Runs on the voltage of

new ideas and
questioning
traditional solutions.
Hamilton Heights Elementary School
Background
• Built in 1980
• Heat only
• H&V AHUs
• Classroom induction units
fed from tunnels
• 1990
• DX cooling at AHUs
Owner’s Project Objective
An Optimal Learning Environment
• Indoor environmental quality
• Appropriate fresh air
• Good filtration
• Low noise levels
• Adequate and adjustable lighting
• Occupant comfort
• Humidity control
Design Concerns
• What to do with the tunnels?
• High humidity from water below floor?
• Possible radon accumulation?
• Costly to fill?
• Limited space for new equipment
• Existing mezzanines
The Solution
• New classroom heating and cooling fan coils
• Install DOAS for classroom fresh air
• New supply ducts above corridor ceilings
• Utilize the tunnels for relief air
Class Room Air Movement
AHU Flow Schematic-Summer
AHU Flow Schematic-Winter
Heat Recovery Chiller Piping
Why do we do this?
A HR chiller operates to address con-current heating and
cooling loads

•Naturally occurring con-current loads

• Combined C.O.P. ~ 7.7
•Artificially occurring con-current loads
• Heating C.O.P ~ 5.0
• Cooling C.O.P. ~ 3.6, or +/- 0.88 kW/T
•Potential savings at HHES ~ $4.98/Hr in summer
•Potential savings at HHES ~ $0.53/Hr in winter
Site vs. Source vs. Cost

Courtesy ‐ Mosley Architects
Deep Energy Efficiency at HHES
• No energy recovery = 16.545 kBTU/SF/Yr
• Conventional run-around coil = 12.653 kBTU/SF/Yr
• Enhanced run-around, ala HHES =
6.109 kBTU/SF/Yr
Saves 73% vs. no energy recovery
Saves 52% vs. conventional run-around coils
Deep Energy Efficiency Made Real

Energy Intensity (source)
Hamilton Heights  kBTU/SF/Yr Energy Star® Rating
Elementary School $/SF/Yr

2008‐09 175.2 $0.99 40

2011‐12 91.2 $0.64 96

Saved $37,450/Yr.
Less Expensive to Build
Enhanced
Equipment No Energy Recovery Run‐Around Coil Run‐Around Coil

Main Chiller 235T 235T 200T

Heat Recovery 
Chiller 15T 15T 50T

Boilers 4.6 MMBH 4.2 MMBH 4.0 MMBH

DOAS 3 coils, 9.4 BHp 4 coils, 13.1 BHp 2 coils, 7.2 BHp

Relief Fan No coil, 4.0 BHp HR coil, 5.05 BHp HR coil, 5.05 BHp

Run around loop No Yes No

Pumps 6 8 6
 ASHRAE Journal 
March 2013 
2013 Technology Award 

Hamilton Heights Elementary School
Ghost Energy Energy used for
no comfort or
• Low delta-T psychrometric
• Cooling purpose, usually
• Set points too low (hopefully)
• Pumps and Fans inadvertent.
• Balance valves on VS pumps
• Heating
• Overheated supply air
• VAV LAT too cold
• Overheated plenums
• Duct leakage
• Stuff that doesn’t make sense
Therms per HDD
An Ideal Curve…
Why Is My Office Always Cold?

It only took 18 years to find out 
the soffit was never sealed
Who Ya Gonna Call?

(404) 636‐8400