Diseases of Nervous System

Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease attacks brain cells and neurotransmitters (chemicals
that carry messages between brain cells), affecting the way your brain
functions, your memory and the way you behave. It is also the most
common form of dementia.

Dementia is a collection of symptoms that are caused by disorders

affecting the brain. It affects thinking, behaviour, and your ability to do
normal tasks. About 7 in 10 people with dementia have Alzheimer’s
disease.
Bell’s palsy
Bell’s palsy is a sudden weakness or paralysis of one side of
the face. It is caused by inflammation or damage to the facial
nerve. It is usually temporary – most people recover fully.
Cerebral palsy
Cerebral palsy is a condition in which the ability to control
muscles is reduced due to nervous system damage before,
during or after birth. This nervous system damage affects body
movement and posture. It often shows up as either floppy or
stiff muscles, or involuntary muscle movements.
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a common, long-term brain condition where a
person has repeated seizures, and is thought to affect about
3% of Australians.
Having just one seizure is not considered to be epilepsy - about
half the people who have one seizure never have another
seizure.
Epilepsy is not one single condition; rather it is a range of
different conditions that can cause seizures.
Sciatica
Sciatica is a condition that can lead to pain in the back and
legs.
It occurs when pain travels along the path of the sciatic nerve.
This nerve starts in your lower spine, and travels through your
hip and buttock and down the back of your leg to your foot.
There are a range of different causes of sciatica. In most cases,
the condition gets better over time, either on its own or with
treatment.
 Diseases of Endocrine System
Breast cancer
Breast cancer, disease characterized by the growth of
malignant cells in the mammary glands. Breast cancer can
strike males and females, although women are about 100 times
more likely to develop the disease than men.

Diabetes
Diabetes, either of two disorders of the endocrine system. For
information about the disorder caused by the body’s inability to
produce or respond to insulin and characterized by abnormal
glucose levels in the blood, see diabetes mellitus. For
information about the disorder characterized by excessive thirst
and dilute urine, caused by lack of the antidiuretic hormone
vasopressin, see diabetes insipidus.

Goitre
Goitre, enlargement of the thyroid gland, resulting in a
prominent swelling in the front of the neck. The normal human
thyroid gland weighs 10 to 20 grams (about 0.3 to 0.6 ounce),
and some goitrous thyroid glands weigh as much as 1,000
grams (more than 2 pounds). The entire thyroid gland may be
enlarged, or there may be one or more large thyroid nodules.
The function of the thyroid gland may be decreased, normal, or
increased. A very large goitre may cause sensations of choking
and can cause difficulty in
breathing and swallowing.

Addison disease
Addison disease, also called hypocortisolism or adrenal
insufficiency, rare disorder defined by destruction of the outer
layer of the adrenal glands, the hormone-producing organs
located just above the kidneys. Addison disease is rare
because it only occurs when at least 90 percent of the adrenal
cortex is destroyed.

Pheochromocytoma
Pheochromocytoma, also called chromaffinoma, tumour, most
often nonmalignant, that causes abnormally high blood
pressure (hypertension) because of hypersecretion of
substances known as catecholamines (epinephrine,
norepinephrine, and dopamine). Usually the tumour is in the
medullary cells of the adrenal gland; however, it may arise from
extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue, which may be located in the
sympathetic nervous system adjacent to the vertebral column
anywhere from the neck to the pelvis or even in the urinary
bladder.