NOTRE DAME OF NEW ILOILO, INC.

A Diocesan School
NEW ILOILO, TANTANGAN, SOUTH COTABATO
Tel. No. (083) 229 – 1113
Email Address: notredamenewiloilo@gmail.com

SUBJECT: Community Engagement, GRADE LEVEL: TWELVE

Solidarity, and Citizenship
QUARTER: TWO WEEK:THREE(November 9-27, 2020)

I. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

1. Explain the approaches, methods and strategies in the applied
social sciences related to community action;
2. Explain the phases from planning to evaluation; and
3. Create a community action plan using the approaches and methods.

II. PRE-ASSESSMENT
Direction: Read and understand the questions carefully.
 What are the methodologies and approaches of community actions and
involvements across disciplines? Explain each briefly.

III. CONTENT/ DISCUSSION /INFORMATION

D. METHODOLOGIES AND APPROACHES OF COMMUNITY ACTIONS
AND INVOLVEMENTS ACROSS DISCIPLINES
1. Partnership building with local groups
• Establishing links is a process of identifying and locating different actors and
players within a community who share a common interests, purpose and goals.
• Partnership building entails coalition formation and strengthening relations
with community groups, stakeholders and individuals.

Partnerships are intended for joint solving of problems, resource exchange,

cooperation, coordination and coalition building. The relationship among partners
can be temporary (local bodies, including government, grassroots NGO’s) or
permanent.

A partnership brings together institutional capabilities and human resources in the

form of skills, experiences and ideas to tackle common problems that are often
beyond the capacity of a single organization or group.
Examples:
(i) government agency like the Ministry of Education accepting the ‘help’ of a
local NGO and local elected body to enhance literacy in a village;
(ii) a local community-based organization (CBO) jointly with local industry
associations and elected members of local council, discuss the problem of land
degradation caused by industrial activities and agree on the implementation of
a joint activity to address the problem.

Types of partnership
 Networks - The relationships among partners within networks are often less
formal or informal. The main purpose of most networks is to exchange
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 NOTRE DAME OF NEW ILOILO, INC.
A Diocesan School
NEW ILOILO, TANTANGAN, SOUTH COTABATO
Tel. No. (083) 229 – 1113
Email Address: notredamenewiloilo@gmail.com
information among members [e.g. Voluntary Action Network India (VANI), a
network of voluntary agencies, NGOs, CBOs] and to share experiences in their
local activities.
 Coordination - Relations among members are more closely linked. Definition
of specific tasks among organizations, which require resources (for
representation, management, fulfillment of specific tasks) beyond information
sharing.
 Collaboration - Relations among members are strong with functional more
broad ranging areas defined for joint activities. (e.g. Network of Collaborating
Regional Support Organizations - India).
Principles of partnership
 Trust
Trust is the most important if the partnership crosses many boundaries -
interpersonal, inter-institutional, cross cultural - at the same time. In such conditions,
relationships are open to risk of misunderstanding and there is need for a clear
expression of interest and aspiration on both sides.
Transparency among partners is the basis for a solid and honest relationship. A
relationship that involves the transfer of resources (e.g. from a government
department to local bodies or from a government department to NGOs or from a
donor to NGOs/local bodies, etc.) requires that strict business principles be
followed, such as reporting, accountability and good stewardship. Yet, in most cases
we have to depend on a relationship based on trust rather than legal conditions and
threats of punitive action.
 Mutuality
In this case, the partnership relations are open to dialogue and exchange of views.
Respect is of utmost importance.
 Solidarity
Solidarity means sensitivity and commitment to the problems, efforts and constraints
of other partners particularly of those living in conditions of poverty and oppression.
It implies a readiness to respond appropriately and in a timely manner to varied
needs. If partners (even just one of the partners) are only ‘doing’ for the poor
without ‘commitment’, it will be difficult to attack the roots of the real problems.
Solidarity is not just a catch word; it means response to real needs and constraints
based upon respect and equality in the partner relationships.
 Accountability
Any partnership involves rights and obligations. It is a major challenge when one
partner has the resources and the other has to ask for it, or one has the power to
decide who gets funds and how much, and the other is accountable for their use.
There is no fully satisfactory answer to this dilemma. That fact, however, does not
make partnership a less desirable ideal. It is an ideal worthy of much effort.

2. Community Profiling

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 NOTRE DAME OF NEW ILOILO, INC.
A Diocesan School
NEW ILOILO, TANTANGAN, SOUTH COTABATO
Tel. No. (083) 229 – 1113
Email Address: notredamenewiloilo@gmail.com
Community (or stakeholder) profiles are a useful way of developing an
understanding of the people in a geographical area or a specific community of
interest. This understanding can assist in the development of a community
engagement plan and influence who the key stakeholder groups are and how a
project develops.
Profiles can illustrate the makeup of a community and could include
information about the diversity within the community, their history, social and
economic characteristics, how active people are (i.e. the groups and networks
used) and what social and infrastructure services are provided.

A community profile:
 Can also provide information on the level of interest community members may
have in being actively involved in a project and their preferred method of
engagement.
 It is the use of information concerning the characteristics of a community.
 It understands the capacity of the community to collectively act in addressing
its issues and problems.

Sample Community Profiling:

Demography
1.1 Approximate # of population: ______________________
1.2 Sex Distribution: Male ________% Female _______%
1.3 Ethnic Composition (by mother tongue of households
Tagalog - ________% Ilocano - ________% Bicolano - ________% Ilokano - ________% Pampango - ________% Pangasinense -
________%
Others - ___________%
1.4 Religious Affiliation:
Roman Catholic - ________% Protestant - ________%
Iglesia ni Cristo - ________% Aglipayan - _________%
Moslem - ________% Others - _________%
2. Economy
2.1 Land Resources (total area in hectares) ________________
2.2 Production (please check)
 Agricultural: _______ if yes, what type of plans/crops?__________
 Fishing: _________
 Livestock :_________ animal raised: ________________
 Others: _______________________
2.3 Average Household Income/month/family (approximate)
 Below P5,000: ________ P5.001 – 7,500: ________
 P10,001 – 10,000: ______ P10.501 – 15,000: ________
15,001 and above: ________

3. Needs Assessment
• Determine what the community considers valuable and what problems and
issues should be addressed.

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 NOTRE DAME OF NEW ILOILO, INC.
A Diocesan School
NEW ILOILO, TANTANGAN, SOUTH COTABATO
Tel. No. (083) 229 – 1113
Email Address: notredamenewiloilo@gmail.com
• It is a part of planning processes, often used for improvement in individuals,
education/training, organizations, or communities. It can refine and improve a
product such as training or service a client receives. It can be an effective tool
to clarify problems and identify appropriate interventions or solutions.
• By clearly identifying the problem, finite resources can be directed towards
developing and implementing a feasible and applicable solution.
• Gathering appropriate and sufficient data informs the process of developing an
effective product that will address the groups needs and wants.
• Needs assessments are only effective when they are ends-focused and provide
concrete evidence that can be used to determine which of the possible means-
to-the-ends are most effective and efficient for achieving the desired results.
• Needs assessments can help improve the quality of policy or program
decisions—thus leading to improvements in performance and the
accomplishment of desired results. Improving results—that is, moving from
current to desired performance—is typically a worthwhile and valuable effort.
The results of a needs assessment will guide subsequent decisions—including
the design, implementation, and evaluation of projects and programs that will
lead to achieving desired results.

Sample:
. Nature of Community Work (Please Check)
1. Beautification projects: _______
2. Literary program : _______
3. Staging of community assemblies: _______
4. Religious Program: _______
5. Parenthood/family planning program: _______
6. Medical/dental service: _______
7. Nutrition program: _______
8. Water and energy conservation project: _______
9. Others: _______

4. Working with a core group of leaders/leadership development /Participatory

Action Planning
• The open and inclusive engagement of groups and individuals in a community
who have decided to pursue a goal or solve a problem.

Participatory planning is a process by which a community undertakes to reach a

given socio-economic goal by consciously diagnosing its problems and charting a
course of action to resolve those problems. Experts are needed, but only as
facilitators. Moreover, no one likes to participate in something which is not of
his/her own creation. Plans prepared by outside experts, irrespective of their
technical soundness, cannot inspire the people to participate in their implementation.

However, the training on participatory local planning and management of the three
million newly elected local government Panchayati Raj officials, one-third of them
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 NOTRE DAME OF NEW ILOILO, INC.
A Diocesan School
NEW ILOILO, TANTANGAN, SOUTH COTABATO
Tel. No. (083) 229 – 1113
Email Address: notredamenewiloilo@gmail.com
women, is a major challenge. The handbook module on this topic is intended to be
utilized by NIRD and State-level government and non-government agencies to build
awareness of both government officials and grassroots representatives, elected to
district, mandal and local village-level councils, including the village head, called
the Sarpanch, who is often a woman.

The participatory planning process has implications for the working methods of a
conventional local development planner. Current decentralized planning techniques
often keep people out of the planning process, which severely limits their ability to
deliver the intended results at local level and reinforces the centralizing tendencies
in decision-making. The basic issue of whether people or planning techniques
should be changed first, has not yet been answered.

As a facilitator of local change, the development planner will have to shed much of
the planning jargon and simplify his planning techniques so that these are widely
understood. In view of the training needs of the three million newly elected local
decision-makers and the limited local expertise, there is an urgent need for training
material on the introduction of simple local planning methodologies and techniques
that can be used at the village level, with minimal need for external assistance.

How to initiate participatory planning:

(i) Identify local needs, particularly of rural poor families

The best way to find what people need and what they see as possible solutions to
their problems is to ask them directly. This also creates awareness and willingness
among the people to take part in any action that will follow.
But before asking what they want, it is necessary to establish a common ground of
understanding with them. There are bound to be conflicting interests within a
community. Special skills and sincerity are needed to build consensus.
It is important to ensure steadfast community support for a pro-poor development
initiative. Local officials, CBOs, field workers of voluntary organizations, teachers,
women, and retired people, must be involved in the consultations and discussions.

(ii) Collect basic data

Once local contacts are established, the next step is to collect, with the people’s help,
basic data about the community, characteristics of the area, resources situation,
socio-economic status and other relevant facts.
The aim is to get a factual baseline picture which will help in setting goals and
measuring changes brought about by the project at a later stage.
It is helpful at this stage is to associate with local officials and NGO functionaries in
collecting and verifying facts from different sources.
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 NOTRE DAME OF NEW ILOILO, INC.
A Diocesan School
NEW ILOILO, TANTANGAN, SOUTH COTABATO
Tel. No. (083) 229 – 1113
Email Address: notredamenewiloilo@gmail.com
To seek people’s cooperation, it is important to respect their ideas and abilities. The
focus should be on the community as a whole and seeking its commitment to
helping the poor.
Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) is a practical tool for participatory data collection
and analysis.

(iii) Formation of working groups

It is helpful is to form working groups that include local officials, to prepare status
reports and develop perspectives.
The aim of the working groups is to analyse and compare data, draw inferences and
identify priority areas for intervention. This is aimed at greater clarity and
strengthening of participation of local people, particularly the rural poor, by giving
greater local planning responsibility and establishment of good working relationship
between technical planning experts and the local people. Importance is to be given
to detailed specification of the roles of participant individuals, groups and
committees in carrying out the tasks.
Conflicts and disagreements may arise in the process, which are not in themselves a
negative factor, but have to be properly resolved and managed at every stage of
decision-making.

(iv) Formulation of the objectives

The first step in participatory local planning is to define precisely what specific
objectives are to be achieved, which should be stated in concrete terms, e.g.
increasing i) incomes of identified households, ii) production of certain crops and iii)
literacy among locally elected women officials.
The objective may not always be quantifiable, particularly when it involves
attitudinal changes. Its still helps to be as specific as possible so that people can see
how much change has taken place.

(v) Deciding the strategy

This is the most difficult part of participatory local planning as it involves assessing
and mobilizing needed resources and choosing the planning methods. It is important
to specify: a) resources that are locally available and those needed from outside.
(people with skills, funds, raw material inputs, etc.); b) if resources are available
when needed; and c) who should be approached, who will approach and with whose
help to secure these.
Consider alternative local planning methods and approaches such as (i) whether to
contract a job to private individuals or to do it on a cooperative basis; ii) whether to
focus on several small household-based units or one big unit; and iii) whether to
train local people as trainers for the jobs or to hire trained personnel from outside.
Once a course of action is chosen, it should be explained and specified in clear terms
to avoid confusion and misunderstanding among the local stakeholders.

(vi) Ensuring feasibility

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 NOTRE DAME OF NEW ILOILO, INC.
A Diocesan School
NEW ILOILO, TANTANGAN, SOUTH COTABATO
Tel. No. (083) 229 – 1113
Email Address: notredamenewiloilo@gmail.com
The working groups at this point should consider whether the objectives are realistic.
It is important to ensure that: i) assumptions and stipulations regarding the
availability of resources, managerial competence and technical expertise are
realistic; ii) proposed activities are economically viable; and iii) local market can
absorb the expected outputs.
It is important to identify potential project beneficiaries and check how the benefits
would flow to them.

(vii) Preparing the work plan

This is a blueprint for decentralized project management drawn up by the project
implementation committee, specifying the ‘what, who, when and how’ of local
project implementation.
The work plan should contain the following information in simple tabular form: (i)
all activities for implementation of the project; (ii) names(s) of the person(s)
responsible for each activity; (iii) starting and completion time for each activity; and
(iv) the means to carry out the activities.
It should also define the outputs expected from each activity to measure
performance during implementation or on completion of the project, for effective
monitoring and evaluation.

(viii) Preparing the budget

The material and human resources must be given a monetary cost, which form the
project budget.
The cost is further broken down in terms of each period of time and also in terms of
availability - whether locally available or to be secured from outside.
External resources can be government grants or loans from financial institutions, etc.

5. Resource Mobilization
 The appropriate, efficient and effective use of material support (e.g. equipment
and hardware), personnel support (e.g. volunteers) and knowledge support (e.g.
shared information)

Resource mobilization is the process of getting resources from the resource

provider, using different mechanisms, to implement an organization's predetermined
goals.
It is a theory that is used in the study of social movements and argues that the
success of social movements depends on resources (time, money, skills, etc.) and the
ability to use them.
It deals in acquiring the needed resources in a timely, cost-effective manner.
Resource mobilization advocates having the right type of resource at the right time
at the right price by making the right use of acquired resources thus ensuring
optimum usage of the same.

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 NOTRE DAME OF NEW ILOILO, INC.
A Diocesan School
NEW ILOILO, TANTANGAN, SOUTH COTABATO
Tel. No. (083) 229 – 1113
Email Address: notredamenewiloilo@gmail.com

6. Social Action/ Plan Implementation

• The actual and concrete implementation of tasks and activities are done
• The specific intervention (s) a community undertakes in solving a problem or
addressing an issue.
Community Needs Assessment Cycle

7. Evaluation
Monitoring focus on the status and progress of tasks and activities in the course of
the implementation of the community action plan.

Three types of Evaluation:

Process Looks into how community action plan has been implemented; also examines
Evaluation the flow and bottle necks in the implementation of tasks and activities.

Summative Focuses on whether or not the implementation of the project or program has
Evaluation been completed.

Impact Evaluation Concerned with the outcomes of the project/program/intervention, particularly

the changed that has been incurred.

Sample:

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 NOTRE DAME OF NEW ILOILO, INC.
A Diocesan School
NEW ILOILO, TANTANGAN, SOUTH COTABATO
Tel. No. (083) 229 – 1113
Email Address: notredamenewiloilo@gmail.com
Date Description of Task Done Time Remarks Signature
Allotted a. Completed (Teacher)
b. Partially Completed
c. No Activity
Grade equivalent
a. 5 b. 3 c. 0

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Day 10

Date Description of Task Lessons/ Tutees Activity appraisal Time Remarks Signature
Done Topic Performance/ (tutor) allotted a. Completed (Teacher)
Number Score Board b. Partially Completed
c. No Activity
Grade equivalent
a. 5 b. 3 c. 0

IV. ASSESSMENT
A – Direction: Complete the table. Describe and explain the purpose of each phase
of community action. (Draw the same table and answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Phase of Community Action Description and Purpose
1. Establishing links and partnership-
building with local groups
2. Community profiling
3.Needs and resource assessment
4. Participatory action planning and
leadership development
5. Resource mobilization
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 NOTRE DAME OF NEW ILOILO, INC.
A Diocesan School
NEW ILOILO, TANTANGAN, SOUTH COTABATO
Tel. No. (083) 229 – 1113
Email Address: notredamenewiloilo@gmail.com

6. Plan implementation
7. Monitoring and evaluation
B – Direction: [Group Project] Create a community action plan about Covid-19
using the approaches and methods. This will serve as your performance task. Write
your Community Action Plan on a long bond paper. (Listed below are your groups.
Please be guided accordingly):
Group 1 Group 2
Albania, Carl Ryan Andoloy, Ceasar Rae
Banda, John Paul Ardales, Kevin Ruel
Bantillo, Stephen Cataluña, Christian
Cardinal, Lirah Fe Daguat, Relly
Creo, Julia Damali Lagos, Kaye Ann
Crisostomo, Darwin Lamita, Christian
Dagohoy, Makenth Miranda, Andrea Kaye
Labangin, KC Myren Montales, Marktitus
Nocer, Daryl Mutya, Nicole Yvonne
Pacardo, Desiree Punta, Cinderlie Claire
Ramos, Jures Samulde, Aljay
Sardeñola, Melisa Mae

V. FEEDBACK
____________________________________________________________________
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